US3037159A - Regulated power supply system - Google Patents

Regulated power supply system Download PDF

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US3037159A
US3037159A US818232A US81823259A US3037159A US 3037159 A US3037159 A US 3037159A US 818232 A US818232 A US 818232A US 81823259 A US81823259 A US 81823259A US 3037159 A US3037159 A US 3037159A
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voltage
winding
output
control
voltage reference
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Harold J Brown
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/32—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices
    • G05F1/33—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices with plural windings through which current to be controlled is conducted

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  • the present invention relates to a regulated power supply system and more particularly to a power supply system that will provide a constant direct current voltage output.
  • the present invention provides a novel system for supplying regulated DC voltage and the apparatus is small and compact and provides fast response.
  • An input of alternating current is applied to a magnetic amplifier controller, the output of which is fed to a transformer and then rectified.
  • a reference voltage source comprised of zener diodes is provided and when the reference voltage is larger than the rectified voltage output the current in the reference voltage source bypasses the zener diodes and the magnetic amplifier controller has minimum holdback.
  • the rectified voltage output is supplied to a filter choke having first and second equal windings.
  • a third winding in the filter choke is provided and this winding is connected in series with a second choke. This second choke has an inductance just suflicient to maintain current flow in the zener diodes in the reference voltage source.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a voltage regulating system having a very fast response time.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the principal components. of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view embodying the present invention.
  • rectified current is supplied to a filter element 8 from an alternating current supply source through a circuit comprising a controller 9, a transformer 10, and a rectifier unit 11.
  • the transformer 10* is center-tapped and a voltage reference bridge 12 is connected to the center-tap of transformer 10 and to the filter element 8.
  • the controller 9 includes a magnetic amplifier 3,037,159 Patented May 29, 1962 13 having diode elements 14 and 15 together with gate windings 16 and 17 which are wound, respectively, upon gapless magnetic cores 18 and 19.
  • Control winding 20 is wound on both cores 18 and I19.
  • Bias winding 21 is provided and is energized from the A.C.
  • control bridge winding 39 is provided and has one end connected to one output terminal, and a control circuit filter inductor 40 is connected in series between control bridge winding 39 and the voltage reference bridge 12. The number of turns of control bridge winding 39 is equal to the number of turns of winding 37.
  • the voltage reference bridge 12 is comprised of voltage reference elements 41 and 42 and resistors 43 and 44.
  • the voltage reference elements 41 and 42 may be zener diodes.
  • the resistors 43 and 44, and voltage reference elements 41 and 42, are connected in bridge relation, as shown in the drawing.
  • Control winding 20 in controller 9 is energized by the voltage reference bridge 12 through the control circuit filter inductor 40 and the control bridge winding 39.
  • the voltage reference elements 41 and 42 are chosen such as to add up to one half the desired output voltage.
  • Controller 9 is capable of maximum holdback when a negative current flows through control winding 20, A positive control current flowing through winding 20 will cause a minimum holdback.
  • Bias resistance element 26 is so chosen that the change in holdback occurs at zero control current, or when the voltage reference bridge 12 is in balance.
  • an alternating current voltage is applied to the input of the controller 9.
  • this A.C. voltage may be of the order of volts and may vary between 95 and volts.
  • the controller 9 reduces this voltage to approximately 85 volts average and applies it to the primary winding 27 of transformer 10.
  • Transformer 10 steps up this voltage to volts A.C. average value, and this stepped-up voltage is supplied to the rectifier unit 11 which in turn provides a direct current voltage having an average value of 160 volts. It is this direct current voltage that is to be maintained at a constant value even though the input voltage may be varying by as much as 30 percent.
  • the center-tap connection 45 from transformer 10 provides a direct current output of one-half the rectified output, or 80 volts, which is supplied to the voltage reference bridge 12.
  • 80 volts output exceeds by a small increment the sum of the voltage reference elements 41 and 42, which in this example would be chosen to equal 80 volts, a large negative current will flow in the control winding 20 by virtue of the low resistance of the control path, and the magnetic amplifier 13 will provide maximum holdback.
  • the current flow would be from center-tap 45 through voltage reference element 41, through control winding 20, then through voltage reference element 42 and control circuit filter inductor 40.
  • control circuits that have been connected to the output of a regulated direct current power supply would oscillate at the natural frequency of the filter system.
  • the introduction of the control bridge winding 39 eliminates the dynamical reaction of the filter system and yet the direct current voltage is transferred to the voltage reference bridge 12.
  • the control circuit filter inductor 40 is provided. It can thus be seen that by deliberately reintroducing the alternating current component of the output voltage, and resuppressing it in a separate element, that absolute stability is achieved. Thus amplifiers, derivative circuits, and the like, are not necessary in order to obtain a very high degree of accuracy and stability.
  • a regulated power supply system has been built at the US. Naval Avionics Facility according to the principles of the present invention and this system has proven to be an extremely reliable one with a marked degree of stability. It has been shown that the system is capable of holding the direct current output so that it will not vary more than one-one hundredth of a percent, even though the alternating current may be varying by as much as thirty (30) percent.
  • a voltage regulator for supplying a constant direct current voltage output comprising: a source of alternating current, a controller connected to said source of alternating current and having a control winding for providing a variable holdback, first and second output terminals, rectifying means connected to the output of said controller for providing a direct current voltage output to said terminals, 21 filter having a first winding connected between said rectifying means and said first output terminal and a second winding equal in turns to said first winding and connected between said rectifying means and said second output terminal, voltage reference means connected between said first output terminal and said controller for selectively passing positive and negative current to said control winding, a control bridge winding equal in turns to the number of turns of said first winding connected between said first output terminal and said voltage reference means for stabilizing said voltage regulator, and a control circuit filter connected in series between said control bridge winding and said voltage reference means for maintaining conduction in said voltage reference means during the entire cycle of said alternating current.
  • a voltage regulator for supplying a constant direct current voltage output comprising: a source of alternating current, a magnetic amplifier connected to said source of alternating current and having a control winding wound on at least one gapless core for assisting and retarding the flux of said core, a power transformer connected in circuit with said magnetic amplifier and having a center-tap connection on the secondary winding thereof, first and second output terminals, rectifying means connected to the secondary winding of said transformer for providing a direct current voltage output to said terminals, a filter having a first winding connected between said rectifying means and said first output terminal and a second winding equal in turns to said first winding and connected between said rectifying means and said output terminal, voltage reference means having one input connected to said first output terminal and another input connected to said center-tap connection, the output of said voltage reference means being connected to said control winding of said magnetic amplifier for selectively assisting and retarding the flux of said core, a control bridge winding equal in turns to the number of turns of said first winding connected between said first output terminal and said voltage reference means for stabil

Description

United States Patent 3,037,159 REGULATED POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM Harold J. Brown, 6947 College Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. Filed June 4, 1959, Ser. No. 818,232 3 Claims. (Cl. 321-18) (Granted under Title 35, U.S. Code (1952), sec. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
The present invention relates to a regulated power supply system and more particularly to a power supply system that will provide a constant direct current voltage output.
Many commercial and military devices require the use of reliable voltage regulated power sources. capable of producing a constant DC. output voltage under varying conditions of line supply voltage, frequency and environmental conditions. Various systems have been devised in the past to provide a regulated source of D.C. voltage. Many of these systems employ vacuum tubes or thyratron preamplifiers and consequently, cannot be subjected to very strenuous shocks or vibrations. Also, when a short time-constant system is desired, heretofore available systems become grotesque and unwieldly with characteristically low efficiency even at high loads.
The present invention provides a novel system for supplying regulated DC voltage and the apparatus is small and compact and provides fast response. An input of alternating current is applied to a magnetic amplifier controller, the output of which is fed to a transformer and then rectified. A reference voltage source comprised of zener diodes is provided and when the reference voltage is larger than the rectified voltage output the current in the reference voltage source bypasses the zener diodes and the magnetic amplifier controller has minimum holdback. On the other hand, when the reference voltage output is less than the rectified voltage output, the current will flow through the zener diodes and the magnetic amplifier controller has maximum holdback. The rectified voltage output is supplied to a filter choke having first and second equal windings. A third winding in the filter choke is provided and this winding is connected in series with a second choke. This second choke has an inductance just suflicient to maintain current flow in the zener diodes in the reference voltage source.
It is, therefore, a general object of the present invention to provide an improved system for controlling the rectified voltage to a load.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a voltage regulating system having a very fast response time.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description When considered in connection with the accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the principal components. of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a schematic view embodying the present invention.
Refer-ring now to FIG. 1 of the drawing, it can be seen that rectified current is supplied to a filter element 8 from an alternating current supply source through a circuit comprising a controller 9, a transformer 10, and a rectifier unit 11. The transformer 10* is center-tapped and a voltage reference bridge 12 is connected to the center-tap of transformer 10 and to the filter element 8. Referring now to FIG. 2 of the drawing, it can be seen that the controller 9 includes a magnetic amplifier 3,037,159 Patented May 29, 1962 13 having diode elements 14 and 15 together with gate windings 16 and 17 which are wound, respectively, upon gapless magnetic cores 18 and 19. Control winding 20 is wound on both cores 18 and I19. Bias winding 21 is provided and is energized from the A.C. voltage source through rectifier elements 22 to 25, inclusive, and bias resistance element 26. The output of the controller 9 is connected to the primary winding 27 of transformer 10. Rectifiers 31 to 34, inclusive, are connected to the secondary winding 35 of transformer 10. The secondary winding 35 is center-tapped and a voltage reference bridge 12 has one terminal connected to the center-tap of secondary winding 35. An integrating filter reactor 36, having equal windings 37 and 38 in opposite legs, is connected to the output of rectifiers 31 to 34, inclusive. A control bridge winding 39 is provided and has one end connected to one output terminal, and a control circuit filter inductor 40 is connected in series between control bridge winding 39 and the voltage reference bridge 12. The number of turns of control bridge winding 39 is equal to the number of turns of winding 37.
Referring still to FIG. 2 of the drawing, it can be seen that the voltage reference bridge 12 is comprised of voltage reference elements 41 and 42 and resistors 43 and 44. By way of example, the voltage reference elements 41 and 42 may be zener diodes. The resistors 43 and 44, and voltage reference elements 41 and 42, are connected in bridge relation, as shown in the drawing. Control winding 20 in controller 9 is energized by the voltage reference bridge 12 through the control circuit filter inductor 40 and the control bridge winding 39. The voltage reference elements 41 and 42 are chosen such as to add up to one half the desired output voltage.
Controller 9 is capable of maximum holdback when a negative current flows through control winding 20, A positive control current flowing through winding 20 will cause a minimum holdback. Bias resistance element 26 is so chosen that the change in holdback occurs at zero control current, or when the voltage reference bridge 12 is in balance.
In operation, an alternating current voltage is applied to the input of the controller 9. By way of example, and not of limitation, this A.C. voltage may be of the order of volts and may vary between 95 and volts. The controller 9 reduces this voltage to approximately 85 volts average and applies it to the primary winding 27 of transformer 10. Transformer 10 steps up this voltage to volts A.C. average value, and this stepped-up voltage is supplied to the rectifier unit 11 which in turn provides a direct current voltage having an average value of 160 volts. It is this direct current voltage that is to be maintained at a constant value even though the input voltage may be varying by as much as 30 percent.
The center-tap connection 45 from transformer 10 provides a direct current output of one-half the rectified output, or 80 volts, which is supplied to the voltage reference bridge 12. When this 80 volts output exceeds by a small increment the sum of the voltage reference elements 41 and 42, which in this example would be chosen to equal 80 volts, a large negative current will flow in the control winding 20 by virtue of the low resistance of the control path, and the magnetic amplifier 13 will provide maximum holdback. The current flow would be from center-tap 45 through voltage reference element 41, through control winding 20, then through voltage reference element 42 and control circuit filter inductor 40.
When the output from the center-tap 45 of transformer 10 is slightly under the sum of the voltage reference elements, at positive current will flow through control winding 20 and the magnetic amplifier v13 will provide a minimum holdback. The current flow will be from centertap 45 of transformer through resistor 44, then through control winding 20, resistor 43 and control circuit filter inductor 40, in that order.
Heretofore, control circuits that have been connected to the output of a regulated direct current power supply would oscillate at the natural frequency of the filter system. In the present invention, the introduction of the control bridge winding 39 eliminates the dynamical reaction of the filter system and yet the direct current voltage is transferred to the voltage reference bridge 12. In order to maintain conduction in the voltage reference bridge over the entire alternating current cycle, the control circuit filter inductor 40 is provided. It can thus be seen that by deliberately reintroducing the alternating current component of the output voltage, and resuppressing it in a separate element, that absolute stability is achieved. Thus amplifiers, derivative circuits, and the like, are not necessary in order to obtain a very high degree of accuracy and stability.
A regulated power supply system has been built at the US. Naval Avionics Facility according to the principles of the present invention and this system has proven to be an extremely reliable one with a marked degree of stability. It has been shown that the system is capable of holding the direct current output so that it will not vary more than one-one hundredth of a percent, even though the alternating current may be varying by as much as thirty (30) percent.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. Particularly it should be understood that the foregoing disclosure relates to only a preferred embodiment and that where values are set forth that these were intended for purposes of illustration and not of limitation.
What is claimed is:
1. A voltage regulator for supplying a constant direct current voltage output comprising: a source of alternating current, a controller connected to said source of alternating current and having a control winding for providing a variable holdback, first and second output terminals, rectifying means connected to the output of said controller for providing a direct current voltage output to said terminals, 21 filter having a first winding connected between said rectifying means and said first output terminal and a second winding equal in turns to said first winding and connected between said rectifying means and said second output terminal, voltage reference means connected between said first output terminal and said controller for selectively passing positive and negative current to said control winding, a control bridge winding equal in turns to the number of turns of said first winding connected between said first output terminal and said voltage reference means for stabilizing said voltage regulator, and a control circuit filter connected in series between said control bridge winding and said voltage reference means for maintaining conduction in said voltage reference means during the entire cycle of said alternating current.
2. A voltage regulator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said voltage reference means includes first and second zener diodes and first and second resistors connected in bridge relation.
3. A voltage regulator for supplying a constant direct current voltage output comprising: a source of alternating current, a magnetic amplifier connected to said source of alternating current and having a control winding wound on at least one gapless core for assisting and retarding the flux of said core, a power transformer connected in circuit with said magnetic amplifier and having a center-tap connection on the secondary winding thereof, first and second output terminals, rectifying means connected to the secondary winding of said transformer for providing a direct current voltage output to said terminals, a filter having a first winding connected between said rectifying means and said first output terminal and a second winding equal in turns to said first winding and connected between said rectifying means and said output terminal, voltage reference means having one input connected to said first output terminal and another input connected to said center-tap connection, the output of said voltage reference means being connected to said control winding of said magnetic amplifier for selectively assisting and retarding the flux of said core, a control bridge winding equal in turns to the number of turns of said first winding connected between said first output terminal and said voltage reference means for stabilizing said voltage regulator, and a control circuit filter connected in series between said control bridge winding and said voltage reference means for maintaining conduction in said voltage reference means during the entire cycle of said alternating current. 7
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,653,293 Huge Sept. 22, 1953 2,723,372 Eagan et a1. Nov. 8, 1955 2,858,499 Silver Oct. 28, 1958 2,875,395 Blashfield Feb. 24, 1959 2,914,720 Merkel Nov. 24, 1959 2,945,172 Bixby Julyg12, 1960 2,994,027 Bennett et a1. July 25, 1961
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164766A (en) * 1960-04-12 1965-01-05 Ryan Aeronautical Co High voltage, negative polarity, regulated power supply
US3213288A (en) * 1960-08-25 1965-10-19 Dehavilland Aircraft Magnetic amplifier engine control system
US3249849A (en) * 1961-06-22 1966-05-03 Lagasse Jean Regulation systems
US3258676A (en) * 1966-06-28 Regulated d.c. power supply
US3267351A (en) * 1962-10-08 1966-08-16 Basic Products Corp Regulated d.-c. power supply with controllable power modulator
US3358210A (en) * 1964-06-25 1967-12-12 Gen Electric Voltage regulator
US3371263A (en) * 1961-09-21 1968-02-27 Messrs Frako Kondensatoren Und Stabilized mains rectifying circuit arrangement
US3452268A (en) * 1966-12-29 1969-06-24 Gen Electric A.c.-d.c. rectifier including a magnetic amplifier for regulating the a.c. input for the rectifier
US3562626A (en) * 1968-05-09 1971-02-09 Siemens Ag Circuit arrangement for automatically controlling the voltage of an electrical filter
US3624405A (en) * 1970-07-10 1971-11-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Balanced current regulator with current-balance-responsive feedback control circuit
US4130790A (en) * 1977-04-25 1978-12-19 Hobart Brothers Company Ferroresonant transformer power supply
US4319183A (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-03-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Control windings for self-saturating electrical reactors

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2653293A (en) * 1947-10-17 1953-09-22 Lorain Prod Corp Battery charger
US2723372A (en) * 1954-07-29 1955-11-08 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co System utilizing current limit device providing line drop compensation
US2858499A (en) * 1955-04-21 1958-10-28 Sorensen & Company Inc Voltage regulator
US2875395A (en) * 1953-10-09 1959-02-24 North Electric Co Battery charger apparatus
US2914720A (en) * 1957-08-05 1959-11-24 Lorain Prod Corp Voltage and current regulator
US2945172A (en) * 1957-05-16 1960-07-12 Power Equipment Company Current supply apparatus
US2994027A (en) * 1957-04-17 1961-07-25 Vickers Inc Power transmission

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2653293A (en) * 1947-10-17 1953-09-22 Lorain Prod Corp Battery charger
US2875395A (en) * 1953-10-09 1959-02-24 North Electric Co Battery charger apparatus
US2723372A (en) * 1954-07-29 1955-11-08 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co System utilizing current limit device providing line drop compensation
US2858499A (en) * 1955-04-21 1958-10-28 Sorensen & Company Inc Voltage regulator
US2994027A (en) * 1957-04-17 1961-07-25 Vickers Inc Power transmission
US2945172A (en) * 1957-05-16 1960-07-12 Power Equipment Company Current supply apparatus
US2914720A (en) * 1957-08-05 1959-11-24 Lorain Prod Corp Voltage and current regulator

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3258676A (en) * 1966-06-28 Regulated d.c. power supply
US3164766A (en) * 1960-04-12 1965-01-05 Ryan Aeronautical Co High voltage, negative polarity, regulated power supply
US3213288A (en) * 1960-08-25 1965-10-19 Dehavilland Aircraft Magnetic amplifier engine control system
US3249849A (en) * 1961-06-22 1966-05-03 Lagasse Jean Regulation systems
US3371263A (en) * 1961-09-21 1968-02-27 Messrs Frako Kondensatoren Und Stabilized mains rectifying circuit arrangement
US3267351A (en) * 1962-10-08 1966-08-16 Basic Products Corp Regulated d.-c. power supply with controllable power modulator
US3358210A (en) * 1964-06-25 1967-12-12 Gen Electric Voltage regulator
US3452268A (en) * 1966-12-29 1969-06-24 Gen Electric A.c.-d.c. rectifier including a magnetic amplifier for regulating the a.c. input for the rectifier
US3562626A (en) * 1968-05-09 1971-02-09 Siemens Ag Circuit arrangement for automatically controlling the voltage of an electrical filter
US3624405A (en) * 1970-07-10 1971-11-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Balanced current regulator with current-balance-responsive feedback control circuit
US4130790A (en) * 1977-04-25 1978-12-19 Hobart Brothers Company Ferroresonant transformer power supply
US4319183A (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-03-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Control windings for self-saturating electrical reactors

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