US3028570A - Ferrite inductance cores - Google Patents

Ferrite inductance cores Download PDF

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US3028570A
US3028570A US736238A US73623858A US3028570A US 3028570 A US3028570 A US 3028570A US 736238 A US736238 A US 736238A US 73623858 A US73623858 A US 73623858A US 3028570 A US3028570 A US 3028570A
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coil
core
gap
ferrite
inductance
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US736238A
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Roland C Taylor
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Western Union Telegraph Co
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Western Union Telegraph Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type 
    • H01F17/04—Fixed inductances of the signal type  with magnetic core
    • H01F17/043—Fixed inductances of the signal type  with magnetic core with two, usually identical or nearly identical parts enclosing completely the coil (pot cores)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to coils for inductances and transformers, and more particularly to such coils employing ferrite cores.
  • ferrites are ceramic materials made by chemically combining certain metal oxides at high temperatures.
  • a symbolic formula is MOFe O where M stands for one or more of a group of metals having about the same atomic size. Examples of these metals are magnesium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc.
  • Common ferrites for audio frequency application have M partly manganese and partly zinc.
  • M may be part nickel and part zinc.
  • Ferrites like metallic magnetic materials have high magnetic permeability but unlike metals electrical resistivity high enough to provide low eddy current losses. These characteristics of feriites have led to their adoption as inductance cores providing a high Q orefiiciency. When used as coil cores the high electrical resistivity makes unnecessary the insulation between laminations or between core particles that was required by the stacked laminations or compressed powder core materials heretofore used.
  • ferrites have a high temperature coefficient of permeability which at room temperatures may be as high as +1% per degree centi-grade.
  • inductance coils there is a considerable variation of inductance with temperature change. This is one of the primary problems to which the present invention is directed.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide an improved transformer or inductance coil.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a coil having a ferrite core wherein instability due to temperat-ure change is compensated.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a coil employing a ferrite core wherein the inductance is independent of temperature.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a two-part shell type core bound together with a material providing temperature compensation.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a core assembly which is readily and conveniently constructed.
  • the present invention contemplates a shell type core of two sections which are bonded together by a material such as epoxy resin which has such a temperature coeflicient of expansion as to compensate for the temperature coefficient of permeability of the ferrite material.
  • a spool with the coil of wire wound thereon is received within the twopart shell core and leads from the coil are taken out through slotted openings in one end of the spool.
  • a head section having a plurality of terminal lugs is secured to the upper end of the assembly and the coil leads are The assembly is completed by a base plate which serves as a convenient means to mount the assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the coil assembly of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the coil assembly
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken on the line 33 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a set of curves showing the relationship between the inductance change and temperature for coils having diiferent gaps.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between a coil compensated in accordance with the present invention and uncompensated ferrite material.
  • numeral 10 represents a spool which may be made of any convenient material.
  • a coil of wire 11 having a plurality of leads is wound around the spool 10.
  • the upper flange of the spool has a plurality of slots 12 corresponding in number to the leads from the coil 11 which are brought upward through the slotted openings. It is understood that as coil 11 is wound, the various leads aretapped off at points which vary in their radial distance from the center of the coil. It is for this reason that openings 12 are slotted so that the leads can be carried radially in the slotted openings egardless of their radial distance from the coil center to a point directly beneath corresponding core opening 18.
  • the shell typecore is made of a lower section 13 and an upper section 14, each of which is of similar size and contour.
  • Each part comprises an outer cylindrical wall 15, a central post 16 and an end disk 17.
  • the central post 16 has a diameter substantially equal to the opening through the spool 19 so that the spool fits within each core part with adequate clearance.
  • the upper core part 14- hasa plurality of openings 18 in the upper end thereof through which the wire leads from the coil pass.
  • Each of the core sections 1 3 and 14 is made of a ferrite material which, as discussed above, has high electrical resistivity and high permeability to provide. a coil with high Q.
  • the height of the cylindrical Walls 15 is greater than the length of the central projections 16 of the two parts of the core as more clearly seen in FIG. 3.
  • a base plate 22 which serves as a convenient means to mount the coil assembly, is secured to the bottom end of core section 13.
  • a head piece 22 is similarly secured to the upper end of core section 14. The head piece has a plurality of holes passing therethrough corresponding to the number of coil leads and a plurality of terminal lugs 23 to which the coil leads and external connections may be soldered.
  • the adjacent core faces are coated with a viscous epoxy cement.
  • the spool winding and the two cores are then assembled and the winding leads connected to an impedance measuring device.
  • the core pieces are then pressed together until the desired inductance is measured and the cores are then cured in an oven to polymerize the cement.
  • One modified construction similar to that above described contemplates a single cup-shaped core such as the lower section 13 having a circular ferrite cover plate. In this construction a spool having half the axial length ofspool 10 would be used.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates experimental results obtained from three different cores each with a different air gap. It is seen that as the temperature varies from C. to 100 C. the percent inductive change of the coil is very small and well within the limits for practical use of the coils.
  • FIG. 5 shows the change of inductance as the temperature varies. of two ferric materials alone and also a curve of a coil compensated in accordance with the present invention having an .01" gap.
  • the present invention was described employing epoxy resin as the adhesive to join the core parts, it should be understood that other materials having similar coefficients of expansion could be equally well employed. It has been found that a mixture of epoxy and aluminum oxide gives excellent results. Also, the compensating feature of the present invention is not limited to a shell. type core as herein shown but could be equally well used with cores of other shapes.
  • An inductor of the character described having a substantially constant inductance over a wide temperature range, comprising a pair of cup-shaped core members formed of ferrite material having a positive temperature coeflicient of permeability, each of said core members having an outer cylindrical wall and a central projection, said members being joined together at their open ends with a first gap between the ends of the central projections and a second gap between the edges of the cylindrical walls, the first gap being wider than the second gap, the first gap controlling permeability of said members while the second gap prevents stray flux leakage beyond said walls, a coil spool having a pair of end flanges positioned between said core projections and cylindrical walls, there being a plurality of radially disposed slots in one of said end flanges, a wire coil wound on said spool, said wire coil having a plurality of leads each of which passes through one of said radial slots, said gaps between the core projections and the core walls being filled wit a mixture of epoxy resin and magnetic particles having a positive
  • An inductor of the character described having a substantially constant inductance over a wide temperature range, comprising a pair of cup-shaped core members formed of ferrite material having a positive temperature coefiicient of permeability, each of said core members having an outer cylindrical wall and a central projection, said members being joined together at their 4 open ends with a first gap between the ends of the central projections and a second gap between the edges of a the cylindrical walls, the cylindrical wall of at least one of said core members extending beyond the end of the central projection thereof whereby the gap between the central projections is wider than the gap between the edges of the cylindrical Walls so that the widerfirst gap controls the permeability of said members while the narrower second gap prevents stray flux leakage outwardly of said members; a coil spool having a pair of end flanges positioned between said core projections and cylindrical walls, there being a plurality of radially disposed slots in one of said end flanges, a wire coil wound on said spool, said wire coil having

Description

April 3, 1962 R. c. TAYLOR 3,028,570
FERRITE INDUCTANCE CORES Filed May 19, 1958 I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. Ii
INVENTOR.
R. C. TAYLOR ATTORNEY April 3, 1962 R. c. TAYLOR 3,028,570
FERRITE INDUCTANCE CORES Filed May 19, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 4
FERRITE WITH .0043 GAP 3 Z I Q 3 FERRITE WITH .olo" GAP Z +0.5 g o O E o.5 l,- 2 Lu 0 I! m FERRITE WITH .0245" GAP O.
0 2o 40 so so I00 :20
TEMPERATURE-DEGREES CENTIGRADE FIG.
Fev/rxe/ 3 8 l0 5 z I f 5 1/ D u I- Q 2 Z w 3 Z O 4O 6O I00 I20 TEMPERATURE- DEGREES CENTIGRADE INVENTOR R. C. TAYLOR ATTORNEY .joined to these lugs.
United States Patent 3,028,570 FERRITE INDUCTANCE CORES Roland C. Taylor, Ridgewood, N.J., assignor to The Western Union Telegraph Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed May 19, 1958, Ser. No. 736,238 2 Claims. (Cl. 336-83) The present invention relates to coils for inductances and transformers, and more particularly to such coils employing ferrite cores.
As is well known, ferrites are ceramic materials made by chemically combining certain metal oxides at high temperatures. A symbolic formula is MOFe O where M stands for one or more of a group of metals having about the same atomic size. Examples of these metals are magnesium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. Common ferrites for audio frequency application have M partly manganese and partly zinc. For radio frequency applications M may be part nickel and part zinc. Ferrites like metallic magnetic materials have high magnetic permeability but unlike metals electrical resistivity high enough to provide low eddy current losses. These characteristics of feriites have led to their adoption as inductance cores providing a high Q orefiiciency. When used as coil cores the high electrical resistivity makes unnecessary the insulation between laminations or between core particles that was required by the stacked laminations or compressed powder core materials heretofore used.
However, ferrites have a high temperature coefficient of permeability which at room temperatures may be as high as +1% per degree centi-grade. Thus when used as inductance coils, there is a considerable variation of inductance with temperature change. This is one of the primary problems to which the present invention is directed.
Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention is to provide an improved transformer or inductance coil.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a coil having a ferrite core wherein instability due to temperat-ure change is compensated.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a coil employing a ferrite core wherein the inductance is independent of temperature.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a two-part shell type core bound together with a material providing temperature compensation.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a core assembly which is readily and conveniently constructed.
In accordance with these and other objects, the present invention contemplates a shell type core of two sections which are bonded together by a material such as epoxy resin which has such a temperature coeflicient of expansion as to compensate for the temperature coefficient of permeability of the ferrite material. A spool with the coil of wire wound thereon is received within the twopart shell core and leads from the coil are taken out through slotted openings in one end of the spool. A head section having a plurality of terminal lugs is secured to the upper end of the assembly and the coil leads are The assembly is completed by a base plate which serves as a convenient means to mount the assembly.
The invention will be more fully understood from the following description of a specific embodiment thereof taken with the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the coil assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the coil assembly;
3,028,570 Patented Apr. 3, 1962 ice FIG. 3 is a section taken on the line 33 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a set of curves showing the relationship between the inductance change and temperature for coils having diiferent gaps; and
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between a coil compensated in accordance with the present invention and uncompensated ferrite material.
Referring now to the drawings, numeral 10 represents a spool which may be made of any convenient material. A coil of wire 11 having a plurality of leads is wound around the spool 10. The upper flange of the spool has a plurality of slots 12 corresponding in number to the leads from the coil 11 which are brought upward through the slotted openings. It is understood that as coil 11 is wound, the various leads aretapped off at points which vary in their radial distance from the center of the coil. It is for this reason that openings 12 are slotted so that the leads can be carried radially in the slotted openings egardless of their radial distance from the coil center to a point directly beneath corresponding core opening 18.
The shell typecore is made of a lower section 13 and an upper section 14, each of which is of similar size and contour. Each part comprises an outer cylindrical wall 15, a central post 16 and an end disk 17. The central post 16 has a diameter substantially equal to the opening through the spool 19 so that the spool fits within each core part with adequate clearance. The upper core part 14- hasa plurality of openings 18 in the upper end thereof through which the wire leads from the coil pass. Each of the core sections 1 3 and 14 is made of a ferrite material which, as discussed above, has high electrical resistivity and high permeability to provide. a coil with high Q. The height of the cylindrical Walls 15 is greater than the length of the central projections 16 of the two parts of the core as more clearly seen in FIG. 3. Two resin filled gaps are provided in the magnetic circuit of the two core sections. One narrow gap 19 exists between the walls 15 of the cores and another wider gap 21 between the ends of the core projections 16. As will be described hereinafter, these gaps are precisely determined in order to achieve the temperaturecompensating feature of the invention. It has been found that by increasing the gap 21 between the center projections of the cores, the gap 19 between the ends of the outer walls may thereby be lessened, which minimizes stray flux. A base plate 22, which serves as a convenient means to mount the coil assembly, is secured to the bottom end of core section 13. A head piece 22 is similarly secured to the upper end of core section 14. The head piece has a plurality of holes passing therethrough corresponding to the number of coil leads and a plurality of terminal lugs 23 to which the coil leads and external connections may be soldered.
In assembling the coil, the adjacent core faces are coated with a viscous epoxy cement. The spool winding and the two cores are then assembled and the winding leads connected to an impedance measuring device. The core pieces are then pressed together until the desired inductance is measured and the cores are then cured in an oven to polymerize the cement.
It is understood then that as the surrounding temperature increases, the permeability of the ferrite cores would increase and therefore change the predetermined inductance of an individual coil. However, the epoxy cement in the gaps 19 and 21 will expand to increase the size of the gaps which will tend to decrease the permeability of the coil. It is seen that this will eliminate or minimize the effect of a temperature coefiicient of the ferrite material. This compensating feature of the resin filled gaps provides a coil having an inductance which is substantially constant over wide temperature ranges.
One modified construction similar to that above described contemplates a single cup-shaped core such as the lower section 13 having a circular ferrite cover plate. In this construction a spool having half the axial length ofspool 10 would be used.
FIG. 4 illustrates experimental results obtained from three different cores each with a different air gap. It is seen that as the temperature varies from C. to 100 C. the percent inductive change of the coil is very small and well within the limits for practical use of the coils.
FIG. 5 shows the change of inductance as the temperature varies. of two ferric materials alone and also a curve of a coil compensated in accordance with the present invention having an .01" gap.
Although the present invention was described employing epoxy resin as the adhesive to join the core parts, it should be understood that other materials having similar coefficients of expansion could be equally well employed. It has been found that a mixture of epoxy and aluminum oxide gives excellent results. Also, the compensating feature of the present invention is not limited to a shell. type core as herein shown but could be equally well used with cores of other shapes.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to a specific embodiment thereof, it is understood that this is not to be considered as limiting the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. An inductor of the character described having a substantially constant inductance over a wide temperature range, comprising a pair of cup-shaped core members formed of ferrite material having a positive temperature coeflicient of permeability, each of said core members having an outer cylindrical wall and a central projection, said members being joined together at their open ends with a first gap between the ends of the central projections and a second gap between the edges of the cylindrical walls, the first gap being wider than the second gap, the first gap controlling permeability of said members while the second gap prevents stray flux leakage beyond said walls, a coil spool having a pair of end flanges positioned between said core projections and cylindrical walls, there being a plurality of radially disposed slots in one of said end flanges, a wire coil wound on said spool, said wire coil having a plurality of leads each of which passes through one of said radial slots, said gaps between the core projections and the core walls being filled wit a mixture of epoxy resin and magnetic particles having a positive coeificient of expansion whereby the overall inductance of the inductor remains substantially constant over said temperature range. a
2. An inductor of the character described having a substantially constant inductance over a wide temperature range, comprising a pair of cup-shaped core members formed of ferrite material having a positive temperature coefiicient of permeability, each of said core members having an outer cylindrical wall and a central projection, said members being joined together at their 4 open ends with a first gap between the ends of the central projections and a second gap between the edges of a the cylindrical walls, the cylindrical wall of at least one of said core members extending beyond the end of the central projection thereof whereby the gap between the central projections is wider than the gap between the edges of the cylindrical Walls so that the widerfirst gap controls the permeability of said members while the narrower second gap prevents stray flux leakage outwardly of said members; a coil spool having a pair of end flanges positioned between said core projections and cylindrical walls, there being a plurality of radially disposed slots in one of said end flanges, a wire coil wound on said spool, said wire coil having a plurality of leads each of which passes through one of said radial slots, an adhesive resinous material located in the said gaps between the core projections and the core walls, said adhesive having a positive coefiicient of expansion whereby the overall inductance of the coil remains substantially constant over said temperature range.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,391,038 Rifenbergh Dec. 18, 1945 2,556,973 Nickells June 12, 1951 2,628,342 Taylor Feb. 10, 1953 2,786,983 Hill Mar. 26, 1957 2,836,804 Glover May 27, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS 723,846 Great Britain Feb. 9, 1955 914,984 France July 1, 1946
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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3194998A (en) * 1961-12-13 1965-07-13 Gen Electric Magnetic temperature-compensating structure
US3195086A (en) * 1962-05-16 1965-07-13 Western Union Telegraph Co Temperature compensated inductor
US3194957A (en) * 1961-01-04 1965-07-13 Caldwell James Electric lighting apparatus
US3313017A (en) * 1962-10-12 1967-04-11 Western Electric Co Fabrication of electrical apparatus
US3663913A (en) * 1967-12-22 1972-05-16 Tohoku Metal Ind Ltd Core coil having a improved temperature characteristic
US3750069A (en) * 1972-02-22 1973-07-31 Coilcraft Inc Low reluctance inductor
US3947794A (en) * 1972-12-11 1976-03-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Magnetic core assemblies with adjustable reluctance as a function of temperature
US4415841A (en) * 1981-05-29 1983-11-15 Rca Corporation Television receiver ferroresonant power supply with permanent magnet biasing
US4553123A (en) * 1982-09-03 1985-11-12 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Miniature inductor
US5025241A (en) * 1989-03-28 1991-06-18 Orega Electronique Et Mecanique Transformer of ferrite closed magnetic circuit type
US5204653A (en) * 1990-01-22 1993-04-20 Tabuchi Electric Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic induction device with magnetic particles between core segments
US5719546A (en) * 1992-11-11 1998-02-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Inductive coupler for transferring electrical power
US5844461A (en) * 1996-06-06 1998-12-01 Compaq Computer Corporation Isolation transformers and isolation transformer assemblies
US20100328013A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2010-12-30 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Transformer
US20100328007A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2010-12-30 Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Inductor and method for production of an inductor core unit for an inductor
US20130002384A1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2013-01-03 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Reactor and reactor manufacturing method
US20160118177A1 (en) * 2014-10-15 2016-04-28 Delta Electronics, Inc. Magnetic core component and gap control method thereof

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2391038A (en) * 1942-10-17 1945-12-18 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electrical device
FR914984A (en) * 1945-04-30 1946-10-23 Soc Indep Telegraphie Sans Fil Low temperature coefficient induction coil
US2556973A (en) * 1948-02-02 1951-06-12 Honeywell Regulator Co Cycler
US2628342A (en) * 1945-09-25 1953-02-10 Western Union Telegraph Co Inductance coil
GB723846A (en) * 1952-11-21 1955-02-09 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to adjustable inductance coils
US2786983A (en) * 1953-11-12 1957-03-26 Aladdin Ind Inc High-voltage transformer
US2836804A (en) * 1954-02-23 1958-05-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Inductors

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2391038A (en) * 1942-10-17 1945-12-18 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electrical device
FR914984A (en) * 1945-04-30 1946-10-23 Soc Indep Telegraphie Sans Fil Low temperature coefficient induction coil
US2628342A (en) * 1945-09-25 1953-02-10 Western Union Telegraph Co Inductance coil
US2556973A (en) * 1948-02-02 1951-06-12 Honeywell Regulator Co Cycler
GB723846A (en) * 1952-11-21 1955-02-09 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to adjustable inductance coils
US2786983A (en) * 1953-11-12 1957-03-26 Aladdin Ind Inc High-voltage transformer
US2836804A (en) * 1954-02-23 1958-05-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Inductors

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3194957A (en) * 1961-01-04 1965-07-13 Caldwell James Electric lighting apparatus
US3194998A (en) * 1961-12-13 1965-07-13 Gen Electric Magnetic temperature-compensating structure
US3195086A (en) * 1962-05-16 1965-07-13 Western Union Telegraph Co Temperature compensated inductor
US3313017A (en) * 1962-10-12 1967-04-11 Western Electric Co Fabrication of electrical apparatus
US3663913A (en) * 1967-12-22 1972-05-16 Tohoku Metal Ind Ltd Core coil having a improved temperature characteristic
US3750069A (en) * 1972-02-22 1973-07-31 Coilcraft Inc Low reluctance inductor
US3947794A (en) * 1972-12-11 1976-03-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Magnetic core assemblies with adjustable reluctance as a function of temperature
US4415841A (en) * 1981-05-29 1983-11-15 Rca Corporation Television receiver ferroresonant power supply with permanent magnet biasing
US4553123A (en) * 1982-09-03 1985-11-12 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Miniature inductor
US5025241A (en) * 1989-03-28 1991-06-18 Orega Electronique Et Mecanique Transformer of ferrite closed magnetic circuit type
US5204653A (en) * 1990-01-22 1993-04-20 Tabuchi Electric Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic induction device with magnetic particles between core segments
US5719546A (en) * 1992-11-11 1998-02-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Inductive coupler for transferring electrical power
US5844461A (en) * 1996-06-06 1998-12-01 Compaq Computer Corporation Isolation transformers and isolation transformer assemblies
US20100328007A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2010-12-30 Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Inductor and method for production of an inductor core unit for an inductor
US8358191B2 (en) * 2008-01-31 2013-01-22 Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Inductor and method for production of an inductor core unit for an inductor
KR101544025B1 (en) 2008-01-31 2015-08-13 오스람 게엠베하 Inductor and method for production of an inductor core unit for an inductor
US20100328013A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2010-12-30 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Transformer
US20130002384A1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2013-01-03 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Reactor and reactor manufacturing method
US8680961B2 (en) * 2010-06-22 2014-03-25 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Reactor and reactor manufacturing method
US20160118177A1 (en) * 2014-10-15 2016-04-28 Delta Electronics, Inc. Magnetic core component and gap control method thereof

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