US3004615A

US3004615A - Underreamer

Info

Publication number: US3004615A
Application number: US716789A
Authority: US
Inventors: Myles H Schutte
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1958-02-21
Filing date: 1958-02-21
Publication date: 1961-10-17
Anticipated expiration: 1978-10-17

Description

Oct. 17, 1961 M. H. SCHUTTE UNDERREAMER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 21, 1958 My/e: H \Scbu fze INVENTOR 7 ATTORNEYS Oct. 17, 1961 3,004,615

M. H. SCHUTTE UNDERREAMER Filed Feb. 21, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 My e: Jc/luffe INVENTOR.

BY 2 W514i,

3,9Mfil Patented Get. 17, 1961 3,064,615 UNDERREAMER Myles H. Schutte, 4655 Telephone Road,

Houston 17, Tex. Filed Feb. 21, N58, Ser. No. 716,7t39 6 Claims. (Cl. 175-486) This invention relates to new and useful improvements in underreamers. y

In United States Letters Patent No. 2,401,515, granted June 4, 1946, to Myles G. Schutte and Normal L. Schutte, an underreamer is disclosed for forming an enlarged or underreamcd section in a previously formed hole in the ground.

It is an object of this invention to provide an underreamer having all of the advantages of the underrearner disclosed in said Patent No. 2,401,515, and in addition thereto, to provide certain new and useful improvements in such underreamer.

An important object of this invention is to provide a new and improved underreamer for reaming or cutting an enlarged or 'underreamed section in a previously formed hole in the ground wherein all of the weight which is applied to the underreamers acts in a direction to move the underreamer blades outwardly during the cutting or underrearning therewith, whereby an increased etficrency is obtained with the underreamer of this invention.

Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved underreamer having underrearner blades which are adapted to be moved outwardly at their lower ends as they are rotated to thereby gradually enlarge a section of a hole in which the underrearner is used, wherein each of said blades is mounted on a pivot pin near its upper end and a guide pin near its lower end, and wherein such pins for each blade are in substantially vertical alignment when each blade is in the retracted position so that upon a downward force being applied to each blade, the full amount of such force is exerted in the direction of movement of the blade as it moves outwardly from its retracted position to its fully extended position.

A further object of this invention is to provide a new and. improved underrearner having underrearner blades which are adapted to be moved outwardly at their lower ends as they are rotated to thereby gradually enlarge a section of a hole in which the underreamer is used, whereineach of said blades is mounted on a separate pivot pin near its upper end so that only the blade mounted on each pivot pin is exerting a rotational force thereon during the pivotal movement of such blade, whereby the wear on each pin and each blade is minimized.

The preferred embodiment of this invention will be described hereinafter, together with other features thereof, and additional objects will become evident from such description.

The invention will be more readily understood from a reading of the following specification and by reference to the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof, wherein an example of the invention is shown, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a vertical view, partly in section and partly in elevation, illustrating the apparatus of this invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the device of this invention taken on line 2 2 of FIG. 1, and it is shown partly in elevation and. partly in section;

7 FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 3-3 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2, but illustrating the apparatus of this invention in an extended position for reaming a hole in the ground;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the cross-head construc- 2 7 tion which is preferably utilized in connection with the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4; and

FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view similar to FIG. 3,

but illustrating a modified construction wherein a single upper pivot pin or rod is utilized instead of the two separate rods which are utilized in the form shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings.

in the drawings, the letter A designates generally the underreamer body of the underreamer of this invention. The underreamer body A has mounted therewith one or more underrearner or reamer blades R and R. Such reamer blades R and R are mounted on the body A in a particular manner for moving such blades R and R from a retracted position (FIGS. 1 and 2) to an extended reaming position (FIG. 4). As will be explained in detail hereinafter, the rearner blades R and R are moved outwardly by the application of a downward force thereon, and during such outward movement of the blades R and R, the entire apparatus is rotated .to effect the reaming or cutting of an enlarged section in a previously drilled or formed hole in the ground. Normally, such enlarged section of the hole is formed at the lower end thereof and therefore the apparatus rests upon the lower surface of the hole in the ground as it is rotated and the blades R and R are forced outwardly during the reaming operation.

In the preferred embodiment of this invention as illustrated in the drawings, the underreamer body A includes laterally spaced longitudinally extending vertical side plates It) and to, each of which is substantially rectangular in shape and is preferably identical with the other side plate. The lower ends of the side plates 10 and iii are welded or otherwise connected to a lower plate 11 which would normally be circular in shape. The lower ends of the

side plates

10 and 10 are thus maintained in a particular selected laterally spaced relationship. Also, the lower plate ll of the body A is adapted to rest upon the lower surface or bottom of a previously formed hole in the ground during the reaming operation with the apparatus of this invention. In such manner, when a downward force is applied to the plates R and R, as will be explained hereinafter, the body A is prevented from moving downwardly because of the contact of-the lower plate 11 with the bottom surface or lower wall of the hole in the ground. The upper ends of the

plates

10 and 10 are welded or are otherwise connected to laterally extending connector plates 214 and 15. The upper ends of the

side plates

10 and 10 are also welded or otherwise connected to an upper disk or plate 16 which is preferably circular in construction and is formed with a central hole 16a which is square in shape in the usual case. However, such opening 16a may have a lesser or a greater number of side surfaces so long as it is polygonal for a purpose to be hereinafter described. An annular skirt or shield 18 which is in the form of a cylinder in the usual case is welded or otherwise connected to the periphery of the upper disk 16.

The plate 10 has an inclined or diagonal slot 19* formed therethrough for receiving a rod or bolt 20. As illustrated in the drawings, the plate 10 may have an additional reinforcing plate section 21 welded or otherwise secured thereto which is provided with an inclined slot 22. The slot 22 is coextensive and is aligned with the slot 19 so as to form a continuation thereof through which the rod or bolt 20 also extends. The rod or bolt 20 is connected or attached to the reamer blade R by any suitable means, but ,as illustrated in the drawings, such rod or pin 20 is in the form of a bolt and its head 23 is positioned to the outside of the'reinforcing plate section 21 so as to be on the opposite side of the side plate 10 from the reamer blade R. The bolt 20 is will be more evident hereinafter.

threaded in the usual manner and has a nut 24 threaded thereon for' engagement with the reamer blade R to hold same substantially parallel and adjacent to the side plate as shown in FIG. 1. It will be recognized that other suitable means can be utilized for connecting the reamer blade R to the rod, pin or bolt 20, but the bolt as illustrated in the drawings is preferred because it is removable for replacing the blade R when it becomes worn or damaged. Also, the bolt 21), by reason of its head 23, prevents lateral shifting of the reamer blade R away from the side plate 10 as the pin or rod 20 moves within the

slots

19 and 22. Preferably, a bushing or wear sleeve formed of metal or other hard wearing material is positioned around the portion of the rod, pin or bolt 20 which is in contact with the walls of the

slots

19 and 22 so that such bearing sleeve 25 may be replaced when it becomes worn during use.

The side plate 10 also is provided with a vertical opening 26 which is positioned substantially vertically above the upper end of the

slots

19 and 22. A reinforcing plate section 27 is welded or is otherwise secured to the exterior of the side plate 10 and it is formed with an opening 28 which is also substantially vertical and is coexten:

sive and in alignment with the opening 26 so as to form a continuation thereof located substantially directly above the upper end of the inclined or

diagonal slots

19 and 22.

In the preferred form of the invention, the side plate 10 also has a second substantially vertical opening 29 (FIG. 3) which is parallel with the opening 26 in the side plate 10 and which is positioned so as to be sub stantially vertically above the lower end of the

slots

19 and 22. A reinforcing plate section 30 is welded or is otherwise secured to the outside of the side plate 10 and such reinforcing section 30 has a substantially vertical opening 31 formed therethrough which is coextensive with and is in alignment with the opening 29 so as to form a continuation thereof. A pivot pin or rod 35 which is provided with a head 35a at one end thereof and another head 35b at the other end thereof, extends through the slots 26 and Z8 and also is connected with the upper end of the reamer blade R. A wear ring or sleeve 36 surrounds the rod or pin 35 at the portion thereof which is confined within the walls of the

slots

26 and 28 so that when such sleeve 36 becomes worn or damaged during use, it may be replaced without replacing the entire r-od or pin 35. The

heads

35a and 35b on the rod or pin 35 may be welded or otherwise afiixed to the rod 35 and they prevent lateral shifting of the rod 35 with respect to the

side plates

10 and 10, as The reamer blade R is formed with an opening 37 near its upper end through which the rod or pin 35 extends. Preferably, a wear tube or pipe 38 surrounds the pin 35 and also extends into the bore or opening 37 of the reamer blade R. As will be explained hereinafter, downward movement of the pin 35 is imparted to the upper end of the reamer blade R to move same downwardly while permitting a pivotal movement of the upper end of the reamer blade R about the pin or rod 35. Likewise, upon an upward movement of the rod or pin 35, the reamer blade R is permitted to pivot relative to the pivot pin or rod 35.

A second pivot pin or rod 40 having

heads

40a and 40b at each end thereof extends through the slots 29 and 31 (FIG. 3). A wear ring or sleeve 41 is provided at the end of such rod 40 which is disposed between the walls of the

slots

29 and 31 for replacement and repair purposes. The rod 40 also extends through a substantially square shaped spacer 42 which is of substantially the same thickness as the upper end of the reamer blade R.

The pivot pins or

rods

35 and 40 extend from the side plate 10 to the side plate 10 and the rod 40 is connected to the reamer blade R (FIG. 3). The parts of the apparatus connected to the side plate 10" which correspond with the parts mounted on the side plate 10 have the same numerals as such parts on the side plate '10 except that a prime mark has been added after the numerals for the parts positioned with the side plate 10. Thus, the side plate 10 has inclined or" diagonal slots 19' and 22' corresponding with the diagonal or

inclined slots

19 and 22, except that the inclination of the slots 19' and 22 is at an equal and opposite angle to the

slots

19 and 22 as seen by the dotted lines identified with the numeral 19 in FIG. 4 of the drawings. The opening 22 is formed in a side reinforcing plate section 21 which corresponds with the section 21 except that it is formed in an equal and opposite direction of inclination as compared with the plate 21. The plate 10 also has substantially vertical slots or openings 2'6 and 23 which form one slot at the upper end of the body 10 and also

slots

29 and 3 1' which form another vertical slot at the upper end of the body 10. The rod or pin 35 extends through the slot formed by the

vertical openings

29 and 31 so that the end of such rod or pin 35 on the right (as viewed in FIG. 1) is guided in the same direction and path as the end at the left (as viewed in FIG. 1) adjacent to the reamer blade R. In other words, as best seen in FIG. 3, the substantially vertical slot formed by the slots or

openings

26 and 28 are in lateral alignment with the substantially vertical opening formed by the slots or

openings

29 and 31 on the side plate 10; The pivot rod or pin 40 likewise extends through the reamer blade R and through the longitudinal or vertical slot formed by the openings or

slots

26 and 28, and such slots 26 and 28' are in substantially lateral alignment with the longitudinal or vertical slot formed by the

openings

29 and 31. It should also be noted that the substantially vertical slot formed by the

slots

26 and 28 is positioned substantially vertically above the upper end of the inclined or diagonal slot formed by the openings 19" and 22. Thus, the arrangement of the two substantially vertical slots and the inclined slot in the plate 10 is in reverse as compared to the arrangement of the two substantially vertical slots and the inclined slot in the side plate '10, so that for each blade, its upper pivot pin is positioned substantially directly above its lower guide pin when each such blade is in the retracted position, while at the same time obtaining the opposite direction of movement of the blades outwardly during a reaming operation.

A spacer 42' which may be of any shape,-but preferably is square in shape as is the spacer 42, is mounted on the rod 35 and is of substantially the same thickness as the thickness of the reamer blade R. Wear rings 36' and 41 are also preferably utilized in connection with the

pivot rods

41 and 35, respectively.

The lower guide rod, pin or bolt 20 corresponds with the rod, pin or bolt 20 and it has a head 23 therewith which is positioned outside of the reinforcing plate section 21. The bolt 20 is formed with the usual threads and a nut 24 is connected thereto for attaching such bolt 20 to the reamer blade R so that as the reamer blade R is moved downwardly at its upper end by the vertical guiding of the pin 40, the intermediate or lower portion of the plate R is guided in an outward direction by reason of the bolt or pin 20 moving in its inclined or diagonal slot formed by the openings 19 and 22'. Such movement is of course in an equal and opposite direction as compared with the direction of movement of the pin, bolt or rod 20.

For imparting the downward movement to the reamer blades R and R during a reaming operation, the upper ends of the blades R and R are connected with a crosshead C (see FIG. 5 in particular). The cross-head C is formed with a substantially U-shaped

block having sides

50 and 51 and an upper portion 52 which is formed integrally or is otherwise secured to the

sides

50 and 51. The side 50 of the cross-head C has openings 50a and 50b formed therethrough (FIG. 3). And similarly, the side 51 has openings 51a and 51b formed therethrough. The wear tube or pipe 38 extends through the openings 50a and 51a and serve as wear surfaces and reinforcing for the pivot pin or rod 35. It will be noted that h Wear tube or pipe 38 extends from the opening 51a therethrough and then through the opening 50a and through the opening 37 in the rearner blade R, but preferably such pipe 38 does not extend through the bracket or spacer 42', although such extension of the pipe or tube 38 through the central opening of the bracket 42' may be accomplished if so desired. A similar wear tube or pipe 55 extends from the opening 50b therethrough and then through the opening 51b, and preferably through the opening at the upper end of the reamer blade R (FIG. 3). The pipe or tube 55 may of course extend through the spacer or bracket 42 if so desired. It is to be noted that the

spacers

42 and 42 serve as contact surfaces for the

sides

50 and 51 at the respective ends opposite from the reamer blades R and R (FIG. 3).

The cross-head C has a square shank 56 welded or otherwise secured to the upper end of the upper portion 52 of the cross-head C and such square shank 56 extends through the square opening 16a in the disk or plate 16 so that rotational movement imparted to the shank 56 is transmitted directly to the disk 16 and thus to the body A which is welded thereto. Of course, as pre 'viously pointed out the opening 16a may be polygonal and the shank '56 will have a corresponding number of sides whether the number of such sides are four or some other lesser or greater number. The important thing is that the shank 56 be vertically movable relative to the disk 16 while being capable of transmitting rotational movement from the shank 56 to the disk 16.

It is also desirable to have a removable kelly-section 58 which serves as the driving shaft for the cross-head C and therefore for the entire underreamer apparatus of this invention. The kelly 58 is likewise polygonal and in the preferred form of the invention is square in shape and it extends into a square opening 56a formed in the upper end of the shank 56. A retaining pin 59 extends from the shank 56 into the square kelly 58 (FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and .5) to releasably retain such kelly 58 within the shank 56 for imparting rotational movement from the kelly 58 to the shank 56 in the known manner. A cot ter .key 60 or similar releasable locking member is preferably employed with the connecting pin 59 to hold same in position during use.

The construction of the reamer blades R and R may be varied within the skill of the art, but preferably each of such blades has an outwardly flared or curved portion 61 with a cutting edge 62 formed thereon (-FIG. 1).

In the use or operation of the device of this invention, the device or apparatus is lowered into a previously drilled or formed hole in the ground. During such lowering operation, the blades R and R are retracted to the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings wherein the outer cutting edges of such blades R and R are within the confines of the shield or cover .18 and also the bottom plate 11 so that such blades R and R do not interfere with the lowering of the apparatus to the lower end or portion of the hole which is to be underreamed or enlarged. When the plate 11 reaches the bottom or lower part of the hole which is to be enlarged, a downward force is applied to the blades R and R by imposing weight on the cross-head C through the drive shaft or kelly 58 and the drive shank 56. The downward movement is imparted ;-to the blades R and R from the crosshead C by reason of the connection of such cross-head C with the pivot pins 35 and 46 which are pivotally connected to the reamer blades R and R. During the imposing of the weight or downward force upon the blades R and R, the driving shaft 58 is rotated with any known type of rotary table or other suitable means so as to rotate the entire apparatus illustrated in the drawings.

One of the important features of this invention resides in the translation or conversion of all of the downward force applied on the blades R and R to a force in the direction of movement of the blades R and R in their respective inclined or diagonal slots. This is accomplished because of the particular construction of this invention wherein the .pivot pins or rods at the upper ends of the blades R and R are in substantiatlly vertical alignment with the lower guide pins or rods on the blades R and R. Thus, the pin 35 which is connected to the upper end of the reamer blade R is substantially vertically above the guide rod or pin 23 which is positioned in the inclined slot formed by the inclined openings or

slots

19 and 22. All of the downward force applied to the blade R is thus translated or converted to a force in the direction of the inclined slot formed by such inclined openings or

slots

19 and 22. Similarly, with respect to the reamer blade R, the downward force imparted to the cross-head C is transmitted from the pin or rod 40 substantially vertically to the lower pin or rod 20' so that all of the downward or substantially vertical force which is imparted to the blade R is translated into movement in the direction of the diagonal or inclined slot formed by the openings 19 and 22'.

Thus, throughout the underreaming operation, as the apparatus of this invention is rotated and as the downward force is imparted to the blades R and R to gradually move same outwardly to the fully extended reaming position which has almost been reached in the illustration of FIG. 4 of the drawings, the downward force imparted from the cross-head C is always acting in a direction to force such blades R and R outwardly in opposite directions with respect to each other and therefore the apparatus of this invention is greatly improved in efiiciency as compared with prior known constructions.

Furthermore, since each blade is pivotally mounted at its upper end to a separate rod, there is no resistance to the pivotal movement of each blade about its upper pivot rod such as may occur when two blades have their upper ends mounted on the same pivot rod and are acting in opposite pivotal directions thereon during the outward swinging of the blades.

In FIG. 6 a sectional view of a modified form of the invention is illustrated, and such sectional View corresponds with the sectional view illustrated in FIG. 3 for the first form of the invention. The only change of any consequence which is involved with respect to the modification of FIG. 6 resides in the use of a single pivot pin or rod in the modified construction of FIG. 6 rather than the two separate rods 35 and '40. The modified pivot pin or rod of FIG. 6 is identified with the numeral 75 and it takes the place of the two

separate pivot rods

35 and 40 of FIGS. l5. The end of the rod or pin 75 which extends through the upper end of the reamer blade R also extends through the opening 50a of the side 50 of the cross-head C and it further extends through the side plate 10 and the reinforcing plate 127 which in this form of the invention extends for the full width of the side plate 10 since only one opening formed by the vertical slots 12.8 and 126 is necessary with the single pin 75. On the portion of the rod 75 which extends through the reamer blade R at its upper end, the side 51 of the crosshead C is formed with the opening 5112 through which the substantially lateral portion of the rod 75 extends. The rod 75 also extends through the openings 126 and 128' formed in the side plate 10 and the reinforcing plate section 1 27, respectively. The upper ends of the reamer blades R and R serve as spacers in FIGURE 6 since the single pivot rod or pin 75 is utilized in the form of the invention of FIG. 6. The remainder of the apparatus .in the form of the invention of FIG. 6 is identical with that explained and disclosed-in connection with FIGS. 1-5 of the invention. It will be evident that a downward force is imparted to both of' the reamer blades R upon the application of a'weight or downward force from the cross-head 'C through the pin 75 to the blades R and R. The same operation therefore results for effecting the reaming or enlarging of a section of a hole which has previously been formed in the ground with the apparatus of this invention. It should also be noted that the form of the invention of FIG. 6 can be further modified if so desired by omitting the connecting central portion 750 of the, rod 75 so that two partial rods would be formed by just the two

lateral portions

75a and 75b thereof, and the central section 750 would be omitted. Suitable means on the inner ends of the portions or

sections

75a and 75b for preventing lateral shifting thereof would of course be provided by washers or similar means corresponding with the heads or

washers

75d and 75e on the outer ends of the sections 75a and 7512 (FIG. 6).

The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof and various changes in the size, shape and materials, as well as in the details of the illustrated construction, may be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:

l. An underreamer, comprising an underreamer body having two spaced vertical side 'plates, a bottom member secured to the lower ends of said vertical side plates to space said plates and serve as a base, each of said plates having two substantially vertical slots laterally spaced from each other and an inclined slot therebelow, the inclined slots in said plates being at substantially equal and opposite angles of inclination with respect to each other, one of said vertical slots in each side plate being substantially vertically above the upper end of the inclined slot in such plate, the other of said vertical slots in each plate being in lateral alignment with said one of said vertical slots in the other plate, a pair of reamer blades, said side plates extending below said reamer blades, a first upper rod connected to one of said reamer blades and extending through two of the laterally aligned vertical slots, said first upper rod being at substantially the upper end of its travel in the slot through which it extends when said one of said reamer blades is in a retracted position, a first lower rod connected to said one of said reamer blades and extending through one of said inclined slots and being positioned at the upper end of such inclined slot substantially vertically below said first upper rod when said one of said blades is in said retracted position, a second upper rod connected to the other of said reamer blades and extending through the other two of the laterally aligned vertical slots, said second upper rod being at substantially the upper end of its travel in the slot through which it extends when said other of said reamer blades is in a retracted position, a second lower rod connected to the other reamer blade and extending through the other of said inclined slots and being positioned at the upper end of such inclined slot substantially vertically below said second upper rod when said other reamer blade is in the retracted position, and means for applying a downward force to said blades simultaneously to move same outwardly in opposite directions away from said body.

2. An underreamer, comprising an underreamer body having two spaced vertical side plates, a bottom member secured to the lower ends of said vertical side plates to space said plates and serve as a base, each of said plates having a substantially vertical slot and an inclined slot there-below, the inclined slots in said plates being at substantially equal and opposite angles of inclination with respect to each other, the vertical slot in each plate being substantially vertically above the upper end of the inclined slot in such plate, said vertical slots being laterally displaced with respect to each other, a pair of reamer blades, said side plates extending below said reamer blades, an upper rod connected to both of said blades and extending through the vertical slot in each side plate, the ends of said upper rod being laterally displaced with respect to each other, said upper rod being at substantially the upper end of its travel in the slots through which it extends when said blades are in a retracted position, a first lower rod connected to one of said blades and extending through the inclined slot in one of said plates and being positioned at the upper end of such inclined slot substantially vertically below the vertical slot in said one of said plates when said one of said blades is in the retracted position, a second lower rod connected to the other of said blades and extending through the inclined slot in the other of said plates and being positioned at the upper end of such inclined slot substantially vertically below the vertical slot in said other of said plates when said other of said blades is in the retracted position, and means for applying a downward force to said blades simultaneously to move same outwardly in opposite directions away from said body. Q

3. An underreamer, comprising an underreamer body having two spaced vertical side plates, a bottom member secured to the lower ends of said vertical side plates to space said plates and serve as a base, each of said plates having a substantially vertical slot and an inclined slot therebelow, the inclined slots in said plates being at substantially equal and opposite angles of inclination with respect to each other, the vertical slot in each plate being substantially vertically above the upper end of the inclined slot in such plate, a pair of reamer blades, said side plates extending below said reamer blades, a first upper rod connected to one of said blades and extending through a vertical slot in one of said plates, a first lower rod connected to said one of said blades and extending through the inclined slot in said one of said plates, said first upper and lower rods being at substantially the upper ends of their travel in the slots through which they extend when said one of said blades is in a retracted position, a second upper rod connected to the other of said blades and extending through the vertical slot in the other side plate, a second lower rod connected to the other of said blades and extending through the inclined slot in the other side plate, said first upper rod and said second upper rod being laterally offset with respect to each other, said second upper and lower rods being at substantially the upper ends of their travel in the slots through which they extend when said other of said blades is in a retracted position, and means connected to said first upper rod and said second-upper rod for applying a downward force to said blades simultaneously to move same outwardly in opposite directions away from said body.

4. The structure set forth in claim 3, wherein said means for applying a downward force to said blades includes a cross-head connected to said first upper rod and said second upper rod for moving same in unison to eifect the simultaneous movement of said blades outwardly.

5. The structure set forth in claim 3, wherein said first upper rod and said second upper rod are separate from each other and are positioned parallel to each other in the same horizontal plane.

6. The structure set forth in claim 3, wherein said first upper rod and said second upper rod are interconnected so as to form a single member with said first upper rod and said second upper rod as the ends thereof.

Grifiin a Mar. 16, 1915 Schutte et al. June 4, 1946