US2996754A - Hydraulic door closer - Google Patents

Hydraulic door closer Download PDF

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US2996754A
US2996754A US13747A US1374760A US2996754A US 2996754 A US2996754 A US 2996754A US 13747 A US13747 A US 13747A US 1374760 A US1374760 A US 1374760A US 2996754 A US2996754 A US 2996754A
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piston
door
rod
ring
opening
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US13747A
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Earl R Ziegler
Robert A Carrier
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • E05F3/108—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction with piston rod protruding from the closer housing; Telescoping closers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132—Doors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to hydraulic door closers and has particular reference to a closer suitable for use on light weight aluminum doors and the like.
  • An object of the invention is to generally improve devices of the character indicated and to provide a closer which is simple in construction, economical to manufacture and efficient in operation.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive closer, which is effective to resist slamming of the door throughout the greater part of the arc through which the door swings.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a door closer and door check which is constructed and arranged, so that it may readily be adjusted for uniform closing rate, when used on heavy jalousie type doors, wooden doors, or light aluminum doors.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the character indicated which is provided with novel means for adjusting and controlling the rate of closing.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device which is constructed and arranged so that it may be operated in any angular position, either vertical or horizontal.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the character indicated, which -is constructed and arranged to provide a wiping seal for positive assurance against leakage.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a novel means of assembly whereby su'cient hydraulic fluid can be initially installed to provide a uniform closing rate through the full travel of the door. ⁇ Otherwise the air entrapment, or air pocket, would be great enough to permit slamming of the door during limited openings of the door.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the character indicated which is constructed and arranged with a floating O ring piston, which provides slight leakage which prevents excessive pressure build-up and accommodates dimensional variations in cylinder diameters. Since the outs-ide diameter of the 0 ring 35 is larger than the inside diameter of the tubular member 14, the elasticity of the O ring 35 will permit dimensional variations in the cylinder diameters without binding, because of the clearance between the O ring 35 and the piston 34.
  • Another object of the invention is to initially charge the device with a hydraulic Huid, which is compounded to have oxidation stability, rust-inhibiting characteristics, and maintains proper viscosity for optimum operation during hot or cold weather.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide means for aixing the valve to the spring while the rod is screwed in or out for adjustment of closing speed.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide resilient means with proper enengy to overcome hydraulic resistance for closing and offering minimum resistance to opening the door.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an end cap assembly which closes the end of the cylinder and provides means for mounting the door closer so that it may pivot around its longitudinal axis.
  • the diiculty with inexpensive hydraulic or pneumatic closers or checks is that the door will travel rapidly without resistance for 75 to 80 degrees and then abruptly ICC stop, just prior to closing. This can be annoying and dangerous as the door will hit your legs or your back while opening the inner door, particularly if your arms are loaded with bundles. It is also annoying and dangerous for small children.
  • This type of closer oiers no resistance to closing when the door is open but a few degrees.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a device embodying the invention mounted for operation on a door.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view, in section, taken on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2, and showing the position of the parts when in closed position.
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3, but showing the position of the parts in open position.
  • FIG. 5 is a section taken substantially on the line 5--5 of FIG. 2.
  • the reference characters 7 and 5 indicate a conventional, aluminum or wood door and door frame, on which is mounted the device embodying the invention.
  • the door 7 is provided with conventional hinges 9 for opening.
  • the device embodying the invention is pivoted to a bracket 10 secured to the door 7, by metal screws 11, or other suitable means, and is pivoted to a bracket 12 which is likewise secured to the frame 8 as at 13.
  • the device consists of a round tubular member 14, which is closed at either end by caps 15 and 16.
  • the cap 15 is preferably welded on, as at 17 (FIG. 2), and the cap 16 is press fitted on after the end of the tube (FIG. 2) is turned in, as at 18.
  • the inturned end 18 locks in position an end closure member 19 (FIG. 2), which has a central opening 20 in which is positioned a nylon bearing 21 through which extends the piston rod 22, which also extends through the cap 16 and is pivoted, as at 23, to the bracket 10.
  • the cap 1S has a central opening 15A (FIG. 2) through which extends a stud 24 having an enlarged head 25, which is welded, as at 26, to the inside of the cap 15.
  • the stud 24 has an opening 27 therethrough which engages the pivot 13.
  • the free end of the rod 22 is also provided with an opening 28 which engages the pivot 23.
  • the end closure member 19 is sealed from the tube 14 by an O ring 29, made of rubber or the like, and is sealed from the rod 22, by a similar O ring 30.
  • a flat rubber wiping seal washer 31 is positioned between the end member 19 and ⁇ a metal washer 32, against which abuts one end of a spring 33, which biases the piston rod 22, and its piston 34.
  • the piston 34 is sealed by a iloating rubber O ring 35, and is held against rotation by means of the end 33A of Ithe spring 33, which is received in either bore 36 or 42 (FIG. 2), formed in the piston 34.
  • the piston 34 is sealed iirom the tubular member 14 by the float-ing rubber O ring 35.
  • the outside diameter of the O ring 35 is slightly larger than the inside diameter of the tubular member 14.
  • the inside diameter of the O -ring 35 is larger than the diameter of the ,groove 34A (FIG. 3).
  • This clearance provides ⁇ a oat between the piston and the O ring.
  • This construction provides adequate sealing for low pressure applications, however, if the door is forced to close faster than the oil can flow through the metering bores 40 and 41, leakage will occur Patented Aug. Ai172, 1961 past the O ring 35 to prevent excessive pressure build-up. This forced leakage, therefore, prevents damage to the door, the hinges and the door closer.
  • the piston 34 is adjustable on the rod 22 by means of a plurality of tine threads 37.
  • the piston 34 is preferably a lightweight casting, or screw machine product, and is provided with a large central bore 38, one end of which is counter bored and internally threaded to receive the threaded end 37 of the rod 22.
  • the bore 38 permits the passage from one side of the piston 34 to the other of the compounded hydraulic fluid 39, with which -the cylinder 14, is charged.
  • the hydraulic fluid is inserted in the cylinder 14, prior to the insertion of the end closure member 19, the O ring 29 and the O ring 30. This method provides minimum air entrapment or air pockets for optimum smooth performance.
  • the bore 38 isin communication with the oifset metering bores 40 and 41, which in turn communicate with the interior of the cylinder 14 on the spring side of the piston 34.
  • the end of the rod opens and closes the openings 40 and 41, to closely control the passage of the fluid 39 through the bore 38 from one side of the piston 34 to the other as shown by the arrows.
  • the two small bores 42 and 36 through the piston 34 are opened and closed by a metal washer 43, which serves as a check valve and which is slidably supported on the flared extension 44 formed on the piston 34.
  • this washer 43 uncovers the bore 42 and permits the lluid to freely flow from the spring side of the piston to the opposite side and around the washer 43 as shown by the arrows (FIG. 4), and when the door 7 is being closed the bore 42 is closed and the fluid can only pass through the central bore 38 and metered openings 40 and 41.
  • a tubular member having an end closure member at each end, and having a hydraulic uid therein, one of said end closure members having an opening therein for receiving a piston rod, a piston secured on said rod, a spring between said piston and said end closure member having the opening for normally moving said piston away from said end closure member having the opening, said piston having an axial passageway extending through the piston, an extension on said piston, said extension having a iinely threaded axial bore for receiving a threaded end of said rod, and communicating with said passageway, off set radial bores in said extension in communication with said axial bore, said radial bores being arranged to be opened and closed by the rotation of said rod in said threaded axial bore.

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  • Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)

Description

Aug. 22, 1961 E. R. ZIEGLER ETAL 2,996,754
HYDRAULIC DooR CLOSER Filed March 9, 1960 EARL R. Z /E 6l. ER
Raaf/U' A. CARR/ER INVENToRs BY MM2/,WQ
4 r rok/Vey United States Patent Mich.
Filed Mar. 9, 1960, Ser. No. 13,747 Claims. (Cl. 16-52) This invention relates to hydraulic door closers and has particular reference to a closer suitable for use on light weight aluminum doors and the like.
An object of the invention is to generally improve devices of the character indicated and to provide a closer which is simple in construction, economical to manufacture and efficient in operation.
Another object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive closer, which is effective to resist slamming of the door throughout the greater part of the arc through which the door swings.
Another object of the invention is to provide a door closer and door check which is constructed and arranged, so that it may readily be adjusted for uniform closing rate, when used on heavy jalousie type doors, wooden doors, or light aluminum doors.
Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the character indicated which is provided with novel means for adjusting and controlling the rate of closing.
Another object of the invention is to provide a device which is constructed and arranged so that it may be operated in any angular position, either vertical or horizontal.
Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the character indicated, which -is constructed and arranged to provide a wiping seal for positive assurance against leakage.
A further object of the invention is to provide a novel means of assembly whereby su'cient hydraulic fluid can be initially installed to provide a uniform closing rate through the full travel of the door. `Otherwise the air entrapment, or air pocket, would be great enough to permit slamming of the door during limited openings of the door.
Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the character indicated which is constructed and arranged with a floating O ring piston, which provides slight leakage which prevents excessive pressure build-up and accommodates dimensional variations in cylinder diameters. Since the outs-ide diameter of the 0 ring 35 is larger than the inside diameter of the tubular member 14, the elasticity of the O ring 35 will permit dimensional variations in the cylinder diameters without binding, because of the clearance between the O ring 35 and the piston 34.
Another object of the invention is to initially charge the device with a hydraulic Huid, which is compounded to have oxidation stability, rust-inhibiting characteristics, and maintains proper viscosity for optimum operation during hot or cold weather.
Another object of the invention is to provide means for aixing the valve to the spring while the rod is screwed in or out for adjustment of closing speed.
Another object of the invention is to provide resilient means with proper enengy to overcome hydraulic resistance for closing and offering minimum resistance to opening the door.
Another object of the invention is to provide an end cap assembly which closes the end of the cylinder and provides means for mounting the door closer so that it may pivot around its longitudinal axis.
The diiculty with inexpensive hydraulic or pneumatic closers or checks is that the door will travel rapidly without resistance for 75 to 80 degrees and then abruptly ICC stop, just prior to closing. This can be annoying and dangerous as the door will hit your legs or your back while opening the inner door, particularly if your arms are loaded with bundles. It is also annoying and dangerous for small children. This type of closer oiers no resistance to closing when the door is open but a few degrees.
It is a further object of the invention to obviate the foregoing difficulties and .to eiect other advantages, which will appear as the description proceeds.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention Will become more apparent as the description proceeds, reference being made from time to time from the accompanying drawing forming part of the within disclosure in which drawing:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a device embodying the invention mounted for operation on a door.
FIG. 2 is =a section taken substantially on the line 2--2 of FIG. l.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view, in section, taken on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2, and showing the position of the parts when in closed position.
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3, but showing the position of the parts in open position.
FIG. 5 is a section taken substantially on the line 5--5 of FIG. 2.
Referring now more particularly to the drawing it will be understood that in the embodiment herein disclosed the reference characters 7 and 5 indicate a conventional, aluminum or wood door and door frame, on which is mounted the device embodying the invention. The door 7 is provided with conventional hinges 9 for opening. The device embodying the invention is pivoted to a bracket 10 secured to the door 7, by metal screws 11, or other suitable means, and is pivoted to a bracket 12 which is likewise secured to the frame 8 as at 13.
The device consists of a round tubular member 14, which is closed at either end by caps 15 and 16. The cap 15 is preferably welded on, as at 17 (FIG. 2), and the cap 16 is press fitted on after the end of the tube (FIG. 2) is turned in, as at 18. The inturned end 18 locks in position an end closure member 19 (FIG. 2), which has a central opening 20 in which is positioned a nylon bearing 21 through which extends the piston rod 22, which also extends through the cap 16 and is pivoted, as at 23, to the bracket 10. The cap 1S has a central opening 15A (FIG. 2) through which extends a stud 24 having an enlarged head 25, which is welded, as at 26, to the inside of the cap 15. The stud 24 has an opening 27 therethrough which engages the pivot 13. The free end of the rod 22 is also provided with an opening 28 which engages the pivot 23.
The end closure member 19 is sealed from the tube 14 by an O ring 29, made of rubber or the like, and is sealed from the rod 22, by a similar O ring 30. A flat rubber wiping seal washer 31, is positioned between the end member 19 and `a metal washer 32, against which abuts one end of a spring 33, which biases the piston rod 22, and its piston 34. The piston 34 is sealed by a iloating rubber O ring 35, and is held against rotation by means of the end 33A of Ithe spring 33, which is received in either bore 36 or 42 (FIG. 2), formed in the piston 34. The piston 34 is sealed iirom the tubular member 14 by the float-ing rubber O ring 35. The outside diameter of the O ring 35 is slightly larger than the inside diameter of the tubular member 14. The inside diameter of the O -ring 35 is larger than the diameter of the ,groove 34A (FIG. 3). This clearance provides` a oat between the piston and the O ring. This construction provides adequate sealing for low pressure applications, however, if the door is forced to close faster than the oil can flow through the metering bores 40 and 41, leakage will occur Patented Aug. Ai172, 1961 past the O ring 35 to prevent excessive pressure build-up. This forced leakage, therefore, prevents damage to the door, the hinges and the door closer. The piston 34 is adjustable on the rod 22 by means of a plurality of tine threads 37. This is an important feature of the invention as it allows the close adjustment of the control valve by turning the rod 22. The piston 34 is preferably a lightweight casting, or screw machine product, and is provided with a large central bore 38, one end of which is counter bored and internally threaded to receive the threaded end 37 of the rod 22. The bore 38 permits the passage from one side of the piston 34 to the other of the compounded hydraulic fluid 39, with which -the cylinder 14, is charged. The hydraulic fluid is inserted in the cylinder 14, prior to the insertion of the end closure member 19, the O ring 29 and the O ring 30. This method provides minimum air entrapment or air pockets for optimum smooth performance. The bore 38 isin communication with the oifset metering bores 40 and 41, which in turn communicate with the interior of the cylinder 14 on the spring side of the piston 34. By turning the rod 22 on the line threads 37, the end of the rod opens and closes the openings 40 and 41, to closely control the passage of the fluid 39 through the bore 38 from one side of the piston 34 to the other as shown by the arrows. The two small bores 42 and 36 through the piston 34 are opened and closed by a metal washer 43, which serves as a check valve and which is slidably supported on the flared extension 44 formed on the piston 34. As the door 7 is being opened this washer 43 uncovers the bore 42 and permits the lluid to freely flow from the spring side of the piston to the opposite side and around the washer 43 as shown by the arrows (FIG. 4), and when the door 7 is being closed the bore 42 is closed and the fluid can only pass through the central bore 38 and metered openings 40 and 41. With this construction `and arrangement we have complete con trol over the door 7, throughout its full swing in both directions, and the speed of the closing is easily controlled by turning the piston rod 22.
It is believed that the operation of the device is obvious from the foregoing description.
Having described our invention, what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
l. In a door closer, the combination of a tubular member having an end closure member at each end, and having a hydraulic uid therein, one of said end closure members having an opening therein for receiving a piston rod, a piston secured on said rod, a spring between said piston and said end closure member having the opening for normally moving said piston away from said end closure member having the opening, said piston having an axial passageway extending through the piston, an extension on said piston, said extension having a iinely threaded axial bore for receiving a threaded end of said rod, and communicating with said passageway, off set radial bores in said extension in communication with said axial bore, said radial bores being arranged to be opened and closed by the rotation of said rod in said threaded axial bore.
2. The structure of claim 1, in which said piston is sealed from said tubular member by a oating O ring, and is provided with at least two auxiliary axial bores, which extend through said piston, a washer slideable on a second extension formed on said piston, said washer being arranged to close said auxiliary axial bores when the said piston is moving away from the end closure member with the opening, and open said auxiliary axial bores when said piston is moving toward said end closure member with the opening.
3. The structure of claim l, in which there is a bearing support member secured in the end of said tubular member adjacent to said end closure member having the opening, a bearing in said support member for slideably receiving said rod, and seals between said tubular member and said bearing support member and between said bearing support member and said rod.
4. The structure of claim 1, in which the said end closure member having the opening is press fitted on said tubular member and said bearing support member is secured in position by inturning the end of said tubular member.
5. The structure of claim 1, in which the end closure member not having the opening is rigidly secured to said tubular member and is provided with a stud adapted to be secured to a door frame, there being an extension on the inner end of said stud inside of said last named end closure member which serves as a stop for said piston.
References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
US13747A 1960-03-09 1960-03-09 Hydraulic door closer Expired - Lifetime US2996754A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3057004A (en) * 1960-05-26 1962-10-09 Kaloust P Sogoian Hydraulic door closer
US3129453A (en) * 1961-05-01 1964-04-21 Marlboro Mfg Inc Hydraulic door closer
US3160910A (en) * 1963-03-08 1964-12-15 Ideal Brass Works Inc Door closer
US3161908A (en) * 1962-01-25 1964-12-22 Monteray Mfg Company Hydraulic door closer
US3216050A (en) * 1962-03-29 1965-11-09 Gen Motors Corp Hydraulic door closing mechanism
US3335451A (en) * 1965-04-23 1967-08-15 Independent Lock Co Linear acting door closer
US3343203A (en) * 1966-11-17 1967-09-26 Schuermann & Co Heinz Telescoping door closer
US3781943A (en) * 1972-06-23 1974-01-01 Marlboro Mfg Inc Hydraulic door closer
US4307875A (en) * 1976-12-30 1981-12-29 Stabilus Gmbh Self-blocking gas spring released by external force
US4844567A (en) * 1987-01-27 1989-07-04 Chalabian Jack S Vending machine with controlled return access door
US6523716B2 (en) 1998-06-30 2003-02-25 The Times Mirror Company Newspaper vending machine
US20100287729A1 (en) * 2009-05-15 2010-11-18 Zheijang Moer Hardware Mfg Co., Ltd. Hydraulic Door Closer
US20130206955A1 (en) * 2012-02-15 2013-08-15 Marathonnorco Aerospace, Inc. Hold open rod vibration dampening system and method
US20160097230A1 (en) * 2014-10-02 2016-04-07 Yale Security, Inc. Apparatus and method for rotating tube adjustment and visually indicating spring force in a door operator or closer
US10329820B2 (en) 2013-11-01 2019-06-25 Dormakaba Usa Inc. Spring adjustment indicator for a door closure
US20190257127A1 (en) * 2018-02-17 2019-08-22 Gerald Michael Hogan Door closer with a doorjamb mounting plate

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US866719A (en) * 1907-02-20 1907-09-24 Walter M Dizer Door check and closer.
US2770003A (en) * 1951-07-26 1956-11-13 Engineered Products Co Hydraulic door closer

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US866719A (en) * 1907-02-20 1907-09-24 Walter M Dizer Door check and closer.
US2770003A (en) * 1951-07-26 1956-11-13 Engineered Products Co Hydraulic door closer

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3057004A (en) * 1960-05-26 1962-10-09 Kaloust P Sogoian Hydraulic door closer
US3129453A (en) * 1961-05-01 1964-04-21 Marlboro Mfg Inc Hydraulic door closer
US3161908A (en) * 1962-01-25 1964-12-22 Monteray Mfg Company Hydraulic door closer
US3216050A (en) * 1962-03-29 1965-11-09 Gen Motors Corp Hydraulic door closing mechanism
US3160910A (en) * 1963-03-08 1964-12-15 Ideal Brass Works Inc Door closer
US3335451A (en) * 1965-04-23 1967-08-15 Independent Lock Co Linear acting door closer
US3343203A (en) * 1966-11-17 1967-09-26 Schuermann & Co Heinz Telescoping door closer
US3781943A (en) * 1972-06-23 1974-01-01 Marlboro Mfg Inc Hydraulic door closer
US4307875A (en) * 1976-12-30 1981-12-29 Stabilus Gmbh Self-blocking gas spring released by external force
US4844567A (en) * 1987-01-27 1989-07-04 Chalabian Jack S Vending machine with controlled return access door
US6523716B2 (en) 1998-06-30 2003-02-25 The Times Mirror Company Newspaper vending machine
US20100287729A1 (en) * 2009-05-15 2010-11-18 Zheijang Moer Hardware Mfg Co., Ltd. Hydraulic Door Closer
US20130206955A1 (en) * 2012-02-15 2013-08-15 Marathonnorco Aerospace, Inc. Hold open rod vibration dampening system and method
US8844895B2 (en) * 2012-02-15 2014-09-30 Marathonnorco Aerospace, Inc. Hold open rod vibration dampening system and method
US10329820B2 (en) 2013-11-01 2019-06-25 Dormakaba Usa Inc. Spring adjustment indicator for a door closure
US20160097230A1 (en) * 2014-10-02 2016-04-07 Yale Security, Inc. Apparatus and method for rotating tube adjustment and visually indicating spring force in a door operator or closer
US9695620B2 (en) * 2014-10-02 2017-07-04 Yale Security Inc. Apparatus and method for rotating tube adjustment and visually indicating spring force in a door operator or closer
US20190257127A1 (en) * 2018-02-17 2019-08-22 Gerald Michael Hogan Door closer with a doorjamb mounting plate

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