US2994654A - Method of forming a lubricating element by electrophoresis - Google Patents
Method of forming a lubricating element by electrophoresis Download PDFInfo
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- US2994654A US2994654A US713083A US71308358A US2994654A US 2994654 A US2994654 A US 2994654A US 713083 A US713083 A US 713083A US 71308358 A US71308358 A US 71308358A US 2994654 A US2994654 A US 2994654A
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- Prior art keywords
- solid lubricant
- matrix
- oxide
- weight
- forming material
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DDSPUNTXKUFWTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tin(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Sn+4] DDSPUNTXKUFWTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001652 electrophoretic deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 silver oxide-copper oxide-molybdenum sulfide Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000597 tin-copper alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/02—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process with inorganic material
Definitions
- lubricating element applies to such devices as bearings, bushings and other like articles wherein one member slidably engages another member or wherein two bodies in contact with each other are adapted to move relative to each other with ease.
- the frictional coeflicient of any element ideally should be held constant and in particular should be substantially independent of temperature.
- known elements have frictional coefficients whose values change sharply with tempera ture. Typical operating temperatures for lubricating ele' ments have greatly increased over those used only a few years ago and an urgent demand has been created for lubricating elements whose frictional coefficients have improved thermal stability.
- the element itself must be securely bonded to a supporting member and known bonds will rapidly disintegrate at these increased temperatures.
- the working surfaces of known elements will deteriorate rapidly and fail under the influence of the severe thermal stresses created by these temperatures.
- a further object is to provide improved lubricating elements with thermally stable frictional coeflicients.
- Still a further object is to provide a novel method for electrophoretically forming lubricating elements.
- Yet a further object is to provide a novel method for bonding lubricating elements to a supporting member.
- Another object is to provide lubricating elements which exhibit good resistance to wear at high operating temperatures.
- Electrophoretic deposition occurs when an electrostatic field is established between two electrodes immersed within a colloidal or gross dispersion of charged particles, thus causing the migration of the suspended particles toward one of the electrodes and producing the deposit of an adherent coating on that electrode. Exceptional uniformity of coating thickness and compacting (with an attendant relatively high coating density) are obtained as compared with dipping, spraying, brushing, and other more conventional methods of application. Irregularly shaped objects of any desired contour can be coated with excellent uniformity and reducibility of coating.
- a mixture comprising a major portion by weight of particles of a reducible metallic compound and a minor portion by weight of particles of suitable solid lubricant is electrophoretically codeposited on a base member of any desired shape and contour.
- Atent coated member is then heated to a temperature less than the softening temperature of the compound, if necessary in a reducing atmosphere, to reduce the metallic compound to metal and form a metal matrix Whose interstices entrap the particles of the solid lubricant.
- the amounts of lubricant and matrix forming material are such that the layer after reduction contains -95% by weight of metallic matrix and l55% of lubricant. As the reduction takes place, co-difl'usion between the deposited metal and the base member occurs at their interface and a strong durable bond is formed.
- the reducible compounds can be oxides of such refractory metals as nickel, copper, or alloys of these metals, but also can be oxides of tin, lead, silver or their alloys.
- the lubricant must have a low friction coeflicient and can be, for example, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite or the like.
- the base member in this type of application is generally composed of various metals and alloys. Electrophoretic deposition can only occur satisfactorily when the receiving surface has an electrical conductivity at least equal to that of a semi-conductor. In the event that the base member to be used has a non-conductive receiving surface, this surface must first be treated to render it conductive be fore the deposition takes place, for example, by one of the methods disclosed in our copending application, Ser. No. 398,129, filed December 14, 1953, now abandoned.
- Example 1 A mixture comprising about 86% by weight silver oxide particles, about 6% by weight of copper oxide particles and about 8% by weight of molybdenum disulfide particles was ball milled for a period of from 100 to 200 hours in 5% concentration in a medium of 50% by weight of glycerine and 50% by weight of isopropyl alcohol. The resulting dispersion was activated by continuous agitation for a period of about one hour.
- This dispersion was then poured into a conventional electrophoretic bath.
- a steel sleeve 6" in length and having an internal diameter of 2" was suspended in the dispersion.
- a steel rod 6" in length and having a diameter of A" was suspended in the dispersion in such manner that the axis of the rod coincided with the axis of the sleeve.
- a direct voltage of 250 volts was applied between the sleeve and rod with such polarity that the sleeve functioned as the cathode.
- the silver oxide-copper oxide-molybdenum sulfide particles immediately began to deposit uniformly on the internal surface of the sleeve. After a 55 second interval, the sleeve was disconnected and removed from the bath. The deposited coating attained a thickness of microns during this interval.
- the coated sleeve was then fired in hydrogen at a temperature of 1300 F. for a period of 15 seconds.
- the heating was carried out by placing the samples in the furnace at a much lower temperature, generally room temperature, starting the hydrogen stream, heating the furnace to temperature, maintaining the furnace temperature for the specified time, and then allowing the furnace to cool while maintaining the hydrogen atmosphere until the temperature was below that at which oxidation would occur. Subsequent cross-sectional analysis revealed that extent during the firing operation.
- the weight composition of the reduced coating was about 85% silver, 5% copper and molybdenum disulfide.
- Example 2 Example 1 was repeated using an initial mixture of lead oxide, tin oxide, copper oxide and graphite particles. After electrophoretic deposition of the particles and subsequent firing at a temperature of 800 F. for a period of 30 seconds, a matrix of a lead-tin-copper alloy containing entrapped graphite within its pores was formed having a composition by weight of 78.4% lead, 9.0% tin, 2.6% copper and 10% graphite.
- the coefficient of friction of this sleeve was found to be on the order of .1 over the same general range as Example 1. Increasing the percentage of graphite decreases the coefiicient of friction but also weakens the matrix. structure so that best results are obtained by maintaining the percentage by weight of graphite within the range 515%.
- firing temperatures we have indicated certain definite firing temperatures, duration of reactions, types of materials, coefiicients of friction, etc., it is to be understood that any or all of these can be varied widely within the scope of our invention, since the particular conditions of operation are governed largely by the specific end structure desired.
- the firing temperature must be high enough to perform the desired reduction and low enough to prevent softening or melting of the materials used.
- the actual temperature used will vary depending on the characteristics of these materials.
- the method of forming a lubricating element which comprises the steps of electrophoretically depositing a particle mixture having a metallic matrix forming material of the group consisting of nickel oxide, copper oxide, silver oxide,, lead oxide, tin oxide, and a solid lubricant of the group consisting of molybdenum disnlfide, tungsten disulfide and graphite, out of a liquid medium upon a selected surface of a metallic base member, the amount of matrix forming material and solid lubricant producing a layer having -95% by weight of metallic matrix and 15-5% by weight of solid lubricant, and heating said member in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature to reduce said matrix. forming material to form a metallic matrix bonded to said member, the interstices of said matrix being filled with said solid lubricant, without reducing said solid lubricant.
- the matrix forming material is a mixture of silver oxide and copper oxide and the lubricant is molybdenum disulfide, and the member is heated in a hydrogen atmosphere to reduce the matrix forming material to metal.
- the matrix forming material is a mixture of lead oxide, tin oxide and copper oxide
- the solid lubricant is graphite and the member is heated in a hydrogen atmosphere to reduce the matrix forming material to metal.
Description
2,994,654 METHOD OF FORMING A LUBRICATIN G ELE- MENT BY ELECTROPHORESIS Frederick Fahnoe, Morristown, and James J. Shyne,
Caldwell, NJ., assignors to Vitro Corporation of America, New York, N.Y.
No Drawing. Filed Feb. 4, 1958, Ser. No. 713,083 4 Claims. (Cl. 204-181) Our invention relates to lubricating elements and methods for producing the same.
The generic term lubricating element applies to such devices as bearings, bushings and other like articles wherein one member slidably engages another member or wherein two bodies in contact with each other are adapted to move relative to each other with ease. In order to prevent high friction, freeze-up, and other associated phenomena, the frictional coeflicient of any element ideally should be held constant and in particular should be substantially independent of temperature. As far as is known to us, known elements have frictional coefficients whose values change sharply with tempera ture. Typical operating temperatures for lubricating ele' ments have greatly increased over those used only a few years ago and an urgent demand has been created for lubricating elements whose frictional coefficients have improved thermal stability. Moreover, the element itself must be securely bonded to a supporting member and known bonds will rapidly disintegrate at these increased temperatures. Furthermore, the working surfaces of known elements will deteriorate rapidly and fail under the influence of the severe thermal stresses created by these temperatures.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide improved lubricating elements which obviate these disadvantages.
It is another object to provide novel methods for producing these improved elements.
A further object is to provide improved lubricating elements with thermally stable frictional coeflicients.
Still a further object is to provide a novel method for electrophoretically forming lubricating elements.
Yet a further object is to provide a novel method for bonding lubricating elements to a supporting member.
Another object is to provide lubricating elements which exhibit good resistance to wear at high operating temperatures.
In our copending application Serial No. 388,119, filed October 26, 1953, now Patent No. 2,858,256, there are disclosed processes for depositing layers of finely divided material on a surface by electrophoresis. We have now discovered that the electrophoretic techniques disclosed therein can also be used in producing lubricating elements.
Electrophoretic deposition occurs when an electrostatic field is established between two electrodes immersed within a colloidal or gross dispersion of charged particles, thus causing the migration of the suspended particles toward one of the electrodes and producing the deposit of an adherent coating on that electrode. Exceptional uniformity of coating thickness and compacting (with an attendant relatively high coating density) are obtained as compared with dipping, spraying, brushing, and other more conventional methods of application. Irregularly shaped objects of any desired contour can be coated with excellent uniformity and reducibility of coating.
Further details of this process will be found in the above mentioned application.
In the present invention, a mixture comprising a major portion by weight of particles of a reducible metallic compound and a minor portion by weight of particles of suitable solid lubricant is electrophoretically codeposited on a base member of any desired shape and contour. The
atent coated member is then heated to a temperature less than the softening temperature of the compound, if necessary in a reducing atmosphere, to reduce the metallic compound to metal and form a metal matrix Whose interstices entrap the particles of the solid lubricant. The amounts of lubricant and matrix forming material are such that the layer after reduction contains -95% by weight of metallic matrix and l55% of lubricant. As the reduction takes place, co-difl'usion between the deposited metal and the base member occurs at their interface and a strong durable bond is formed.
For low or anti-friction elements adapted, for example, to withstand temperatures on the order of 500 F., the reducible compounds can be oxides of such refractory metals as nickel, copper, or alloys of these metals, but also can be oxides of tin, lead, silver or their alloys. The lubricant must have a low friction coeflicient and can be, for example, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite or the like.
The base member in this type of application is generally composed of various metals and alloys. Electrophoretic deposition can only occur satisfactorily when the receiving surface has an electrical conductivity at least equal to that of a semi-conductor. In the event that the base member to be used has a non-conductive receiving surface, this surface must first be treated to render it conductive be fore the deposition takes place, for example, by one of the methods disclosed in our copending application, Ser. No. 398,129, filed December 14, 1953, now abandoned.
The following examples set forth certain well-defined instances of the application of this invention. They are, however, not to be considered as limitations thereof, since many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
Example 1 A mixture comprising about 86% by weight silver oxide particles, about 6% by weight of copper oxide particles and about 8% by weight of molybdenum disulfide particles was ball milled for a period of from 100 to 200 hours in 5% concentration in a medium of 50% by weight of glycerine and 50% by weight of isopropyl alcohol. The resulting dispersion was activated by continuous agitation for a period of about one hour.
This dispersion was then poured into a conventional electrophoretic bath. A steel sleeve 6" in length and having an internal diameter of 2" was suspended in the dispersion. A steel rod 6" in length and having a diameter of A" was suspended in the dispersion in such manner that the axis of the rod coincided with the axis of the sleeve. A direct voltage of 250 volts was applied between the sleeve and rod with such polarity that the sleeve functioned as the cathode. The silver oxide-copper oxide-molybdenum sulfide particles immediately began to deposit uniformly on the internal surface of the sleeve. After a 55 second interval, the sleeve was disconnected and removed from the bath. The deposited coating attained a thickness of microns during this interval.
The coated sleeve was then fired in hydrogen at a temperature of 1300 F. for a period of 15 seconds. The heating was carried out by placing the samples in the furnace at a much lower temperature, generally room temperature, starting the hydrogen stream, heating the furnace to temperature, maintaining the furnace temperature for the specified time, and then allowing the furnace to cool while maintaining the hydrogen atmosphere until the temperature was below that at which oxidation would occur. Subsequent cross-sectional analysis revealed that extent during the firing operation. The weight composition of the reduced coating was about 85% silver, 5% copper and molybdenum disulfide.
Tests; revealed that the 'coefiicient of friction for the sleevewas, on the order of .10. and exhibited. little variation asv the operating temperature was increased: from 70 to 500 F. As the temperature increased beyond this latter value, matrix began to soften and separate from the sleeve.
This. experiment was repeated with various percentages of molybdenum disulfide and it was found that best results. were obtained by maintaining the percentage by weight; of. molybdenum disulride between the limits of 5 to By repeating the deposition and firing process as many times as necessary, coating thicknesses up to 3000. microns and higher can be built up.
Example 2 Example 1 was repeated using an initial mixture of lead oxide, tin oxide, copper oxide and graphite particles. After electrophoretic deposition of the particles and subsequent firing at a temperature of 800 F. for a period of 30 seconds, a matrix of a lead-tin-copper alloy containing entrapped graphite within its pores was formed having a composition by weight of 78.4% lead, 9.0% tin, 2.6% copper and 10% graphite.
The coefficient of friction of this sleeve was found to be on the order of .1 over the same general range as Example 1. Increasing the percentage of graphite decreases the coefiicient of friction but also weakens the matrix. structure so that best results are obtained by maintaining the percentage by weight of graphite within the range 515%.
Although in the above examples, we have indicated certain definite firing temperatures, duration of reactions, types of materials, coefiicients of friction, etc., it is to be understood that any or all of these can be varied widely within the scope of our invention, since the particular conditions of operation are governed largely by the specific end structure desired. For example, the firing temperature must be high enough to perform the desired reduction and low enough to prevent softening or melting of the materials used. The actual temperature used will vary depending on the characteristics of these materials.
Therefore, it is apparent, that many widely different embodiments of this invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and we do not intend to be limited except as indicated in the appended claims. This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending application Serial No. 402,402, filed January 5, 1954, now Patent No. 2,828,254.
We claim:
1. The method of forming a lubricating element which comprises the steps of electrophoretically depositing a particle mixture having a metallic matrix forming material of the group consisting of nickel oxide, copper oxide, silver oxide,, lead oxide, tin oxide, and a solid lubricant of the group consisting of molybdenum disnlfide, tungsten disulfide and graphite, out of a liquid medium upon a selected surface of a metallic base member, the amount of matrix forming material and solid lubricant producing a layer having -95% by weight of metallic matrix and 15-5% by weight of solid lubricant, and heating said member in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature to reduce said matrix. forming material to form a metallic matrix bonded to said member, the interstices of said matrix being filled with said solid lubricant, without reducing said solid lubricant.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the matrix forming material is a mixture of silver oxide and copper oxide and the lubricant is molybdenum disulfide, and the member is heated in a hydrogen atmosphere to reduce the matrix forming material to metal.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the matrix forming material is a mixture of lead oxide, tin oxide and copper oxide, the solid lubricant is graphite and the member is heated in a hydrogen atmosphere to reduce the matrix forming material to metal.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid medium is an organic liquid.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,848,391 Fahnoe et al Aug. 19, 1958 2,861,935 Fahnoe et al Nov. 25, 1958 OTHER REFERENCES Roehl, in Metal Finishing, May 1944, pp. 313-315.
Shyne et al., in Plating, October 1955, pp. 1255- 1258.
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF FORMING A LUBRICATING ELEMENT WHICH COMPRISES THE STEPS OF ELECTROPHORETICALLY DEPOSITING A PARTICLE MIXTURE HAVING A METALLIC MATRIX FORMING MATERIAL OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NICKEL OXIDE, COPPER OXIDE, SILVER OXIDE, LEAD OXIDE, TIN OXIDE, AND A SOLID LUBRICANT OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE, TUNGSTEN DISULFIDE AND GRAPHITE, OUT OF A LIQUID MEDIUM UPON SELECTED SURFACE OF A METALLIC BASE MEMBER, THE AMOUNT OF MATRIX FORMING MATERIAL AND SOLID LUBRICANT PRODUCING A LAYER HAVING 85-95% BY WEIGHT OF METALLIC MATRIX AND 15-5% BY WEIGHT OF SOLID LUBRICANT, AND HEATING SAID MEMBER IN A REDUCING ATMOSPHERE AT A TEMPERATURE TO REDUCE SAID MATRIX FORMING MATERIAL TO FORM A METALLIC MATRIX BONDED TO SAID MEMBER, THE INTERSTICES OF SAID MATRIX BEING FILLED WITH SAID SOLID LUBRICANT, WITHOUT REDUCING SAID SOLID LUBRICANT.
Priority Applications (1)
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US713083A US2994654A (en) | 1958-02-04 | 1958-02-04 | Method of forming a lubricating element by electrophoresis |
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US713083A US2994654A (en) | 1958-02-04 | 1958-02-04 | Method of forming a lubricating element by electrophoresis |
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US2994654A true US2994654A (en) | 1961-08-01 |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3404968A (en) * | 1964-09-30 | 1968-10-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Glass-to-metal seals and method for making same |
US3434942A (en) * | 1963-12-04 | 1969-03-25 | Vandervell Products Ltd | Electrodeposition of lead and polytetrafluoroethylene |
US3497376A (en) * | 1966-10-10 | 1970-02-24 | Us Air Force | Method for application of solid lubricant coatings |
US3753667A (en) * | 1968-01-16 | 1973-08-21 | Gen Am Transport | Articles having electroless metal coatings incorporating wear-resisting particles therein |
US3844729A (en) * | 1971-03-25 | 1974-10-29 | Schwarzkopf Dev Co | Metals having wear-resistant surfaces and their fabrication |
EP1306569A2 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-05-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Bearing structure |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2848391A (en) * | 1953-10-19 | 1958-08-19 | Vitro Corp Of America | Method of making a multiple lamination construction |
US2861935A (en) * | 1954-05-20 | 1958-11-25 | Vitro Corp Of America | Electrophoretic method of applying a lubricant coating |
-
1958
- 1958-02-04 US US713083A patent/US2994654A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2848391A (en) * | 1953-10-19 | 1958-08-19 | Vitro Corp Of America | Method of making a multiple lamination construction |
US2861935A (en) * | 1954-05-20 | 1958-11-25 | Vitro Corp Of America | Electrophoretic method of applying a lubricant coating |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3434942A (en) * | 1963-12-04 | 1969-03-25 | Vandervell Products Ltd | Electrodeposition of lead and polytetrafluoroethylene |
US3404968A (en) * | 1964-09-30 | 1968-10-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Glass-to-metal seals and method for making same |
US3497376A (en) * | 1966-10-10 | 1970-02-24 | Us Air Force | Method for application of solid lubricant coatings |
US3753667A (en) * | 1968-01-16 | 1973-08-21 | Gen Am Transport | Articles having electroless metal coatings incorporating wear-resisting particles therein |
US3844729A (en) * | 1971-03-25 | 1974-10-29 | Schwarzkopf Dev Co | Metals having wear-resistant surfaces and their fabrication |
EP1306569A2 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-05-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Bearing structure |
US6588934B2 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-07-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Silver-containing copper alloys for journal bearings |
EP1306569A3 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2004-08-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Bearing structure |
KR100545731B1 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2006-01-24 | 유나이티드 테크놀로지스 코포레이션 | Silver-Containing Copper Alloys for Journal Bearings |
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