US2968293A

US2968293A - Internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: US2968293A
Application number: US784317A
Authority: US
Inventors: Adelbert E Kolbe
Original assignee: Motors Liquidation Co
Current assignee: Motors Liquidation Co
Priority date: 1958-12-31
Filing date: 1958-12-31
Publication date: 1961-01-17
Anticipated expiration: 1978-01-17

Description

Jan. 17, 1961 A. E. KOLBE I 2,968,293

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Dec. 51, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. BY aJaez'e 616/2;

Arrop/vgv Jan. 17, 1961 A. E. KOLBE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 51, 1958 ATTORNL Y United States Patent C 2,968,293 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Adelhert E. Kolbe, Berkley, Mich., assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Filed Dec. 31, 1958, Ser. No. 784,317

8 Claims. (Cl. 123-4169) This invention relates to engines and has particular relation to small, light weight, high speed, economical and inexpensive, internal combustion engines for utilization in motor vehicles of small size.

It is proposed to construct an engine with a centrally disposed crankcase made in sections and having openings in opposite side walls to which a plurality of individual cylinders may be secured. A single head may be employed for each row of cylinders, the heads being provided with openings in which the outer ends of the cylinders may be received. The cylinders may be constructed of cast iron or other suitable material having a diiferent expansion rate from the aluminum or other light weight metal of which the crankcase sections and the heads are made. I v I s It is proposed to secure the crankcase sections together with bolts and to employ other bolts or studs for securing the cylinders between the heads and the crankcase. The other bolts or studs may be madeof iron or some material with an expansion rate similar to that of the cylinders. The cylinders are provided with valves for the operation of which it is proposed to employ rocker arms individually mounted onsupports forming nuts for the ends of certain of the studs employed in securing the cylinders between the heads and the cranckcaser Fins are employed on the heads and the cylindersand through which passages are formed for accommodating the various studs and supports.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a vertical sectional view taken lengthwise through the crankcase of an engine embracing the principles of the invention. Figure 1 is taken substantially in the plane of line 1-1 on Figure 2 looking in the direction of the arrows thereon. p Q

Figure 2 is a cross sectional view through the engine disclosed by Figure l and taken substantially in the plane of line 22 on Figure l. s s

The crankcase 10 of the engine 11 may embrace crankcase sections 12 and 13 having flangesfaround the edges thereof adapted to be secured together by bolts 14 The crankcase 10 may have an upper wall 16, a lower wall 17, a pair of spaced side walls 18 and transverse walls 19, the several walls forming crankcase compartments 21 within the crankcase 10. The transverse walls 19 also may have mating flanges 22 on which the sections 12 and 13 are secured together by studs 23. The studs 23 project through spaced and parallel openings in the transverse walls 19 and have nuts 24 disposed outside the crankcase 10 and engaging bosses 26. The studs 23 are adapted to rigidly secure the sections of the crankcase together on opposite sides of bearings 27 in which a crankshaft 28 for the engine is adapted to be rotatably mounted. The crankshaft 28 has crankarms 29 disposed compartments 21. The openings 31 are adapted to recerve the annular shouldered ends 32 of cast iron or other suitable cylinders indicated at 33. The opposite annular shouldered ends 34 of the cylinders 33 are adapted to be received within openings formed in cylinder heads 36, there being one of the cylinder heads 36 for each row of the cylinders 33. The heads 36 and the crankcase 12 may be constructed of aluminum or other lightweight material.

The heads 36 are adapted to be secured to the cylinders 33 and the cylinders 33 to the crankcase 10 by studs 37 disposed around each of the cylinders 33 in parallel relation to the axis of the cylinder. The inner threaded ends of each of the studs 37 are secured in bosses 38 formed in the crankcase sections 12 and 13 around the openings 31. The outer threaded ends of the studs project through openings formed in the inner walls 39 of the heads 36 and are there secured by nuts or other suitable securing means. 41. The cylinders 33 and the heads 36 are provided with fins 42 disposed transversely of the axis of the cylinders 33. The fins 42 of the cylinders 33 have openings formed inwardly of the outer peripheral edges of the greatest part of the fins to provide passages for receiving the studs 37. The fins 42 of the heads 36 also have openings formed inwardly of the outer peripheral edges of the fins to provide passages recharges are adapted to be compressed by pistons 46 connected to the crankarms 29 by connecting rods 47. The

supplying and exhausting of the charges is controlled by inlet valves 48 and exhaust valves 49, there being one inlet valve and one exhaust valve for each of the cornbustion chambers 44. The stems of the valves 48 and 49 are adapted to be mounted in the heads 36 in valve guides 51. The outer ends of the stems may be operated by rocker arms 52 actuated by push rods 53 and valve lifters 54 operated by cams 56 on a camshaft 57 mounted between the sections 12 and 13 of the crankcase 10 below the crankshaft 28. Enough of the studs 37 may be employed so that there will be two on one side vof each of the cylinders immediately below where it may be desirable to support the rocker arms 52. Supports 58 for the rocker arms maybe provided by forming elongated extensions on the securing means 41 for the two studs, for each cylinder. The support means 58 is adapted to extend in alignment with the studs 37 through passages formedin the fins 42 of the heads 36. Nuts 59 formed on the supports 58 and accessible from. outwardly of the wall 61, provide means for tightening the securing means 41 for the two studs upon the threaded ends of the two studs and against the inner Walls 39 for the heads. The supports 58 inwardly of the nuts 59 are 'journaled in cylindrical abutment or bearing openings formed in the outerwall 61 to permit turning of the supports 58 by the nuts 59 and to rigidly support the outer ends of the supports. The rocker arms 52 are rotatably mounted on the outer ends of the supports 58, to be capable of operation with the push rods 53 and the stems of the valves 48 and 49. Rocker arm covers 62 are secured to the outer wall 61 around the outer ends of the push rods 53, the stems of the valves 48, the outer ends of the supports 58 and the rocker arms 52. The push rods are surrounded by tubes 63 secured in openings in the walls 61 and in the crankcase sections 12 and 13 at the ends of bosses 64 in which the v-alve lifters 54 are slidably mounted. The inner ends of the tubes 63 are flared outwardly to seat against O-ring seals 107 disposed in annular recesses formed in the outer ends of the bosses 64. The tubes 63 are resiliently held in engagement with the O-rings 107 by springs 101 mounted on the reduced ends 106 of the tubes 63. The reduced ends 106 project through openings in the Walls 61 of the head so that the push rods 103 may extend into the rocker arm compartments within the covers 62. Sealing material 104 is disposed about the reduced ends and in recesses in the Walls 61 and is pressed in the recesses by rings 102 against which the springs 101 are disposed. The opposite ends of the springs 101 engage flanged sleeves 103 disposed on the tubes 63 against the shoulders where the reduced ends 106 are formed. The springs 101 cause a sealing of the opposite ends of the tubes against the O-ring seals 107 and the sealing material 104 thereby preventing leakage of lubricant transferred by the tubes 63 from the rocker arm compartments to the crankcase.

The exhaust gas from the engine may be exhausted from the valves 49 by exhaust passages 71 formed in the heads 36 in such a way as to extend downwardly from the valves. The combustible charges are supplied to the cylinders through inlet passages 72 formed in the upper part of the heads and communicating with a manifold passage 73 formed in the outer wall 61 of the heads. The manifold passage may be closed along one side thereof by a cover 74.

The walls 18 of the crankcase have extensions 66 with lower flanged edges 67 against which an oil pan 68 may be secured. The walls 64 and the oil pan 68 provide an oil sump 69 for storing excess lubricating oil required for the operation of the engine. The engine may be lubricated by a pump 76 secured to a front cover 77 in which a seal 78 is formed around one end of the crankshaft 28. The pump has a shaft 79 adapted to be driven by the adjacent end of the camshaft 57. The crankshaft 28 drives the camshaft 57 through gears 92 and 93, the gears being disposed within a compartment 94 formed in the clutch housing 96 also enclosing a driving disk 97 by which the drive from the engine is applied.

The engine may be cooled by a blower 81 mounted on a shaft 82 rotatable in a bearing 83 secured in a bracket 84 mounted on the upper part of the crankcase 10. The blower is adapted to be driven by a pulley 86 driven by a belt 87 extending over an idler pulley 88 from a pulley 89 mounted on an end 91 of the crankshaft 28 projecting through the cover 77. Oil for cooling and lubricating the engine may be circulated by the pump 76 to oil coolers 98 mounted in a shroud 99 immediately outside the delivery side of the blower 81. The shroud 99 extends downwardly around the engine so as to direct the air supplied by the blower under the fins 42 and other parts of the engine for cooling the engine.

I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase having spaced and oppositely disposed side walls and having transverse walls extending between said side walls, said transverse walls being formed to provide crankshaft and camshaft bearing means extending in parallel relation between said side walls, said crankcase being divided be tween said side walls and through transverse walls and said crankshaft and camshaft bearing means to provide oppositely disposed crankcase sections, bolts extending through openings in said walls and securing said sections together, said crankcase having oppositely disposed pairs of openings formed in said side walls and having bosses formed around said pairs of openings, oppositely extending pairs of cylinders engaging said crankcase and aligned with and closing said pairs of openings, heads engaging and closing the outer ends of said cylinders, studs having inner and outer ends and being disposed around said cylinders, said inner ends of said studs engaging and being secured in openings formed in said bosses, said outer threaded ends of said studs extending through openings in said heads, and means engaging said outer ends of said studs and said heads and securing said heads to said cylinders and said cylinders to said crankcase sections.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase having spaced and oppositely disposed side walls and having transverse walls extending between said side walls, said transverse walls being formed to provide crankshaft and camshaft bearing means extending in parallel relation between said side Walls, said crankcase being divided between said side walls and through said crankshaft and camshaft bearing means to provide oppositely disposed crankcase sections, bolts extending through openings along said side walls and securing said sections together, bolts extending through openings in said transverse walls and on opposite sides of said crankshaft bearing means and securing said sections together, said crankcase having oppositely disposed pairs of openings formed in said side walls and having bosses formed around said pairs of openings, oppositely extending pairs of cylinders engaging said crankcase and aligned with and closing said pairs of openings, heads engaging and closing the outer ends of said cylinders, studs having inner and outer ends and being disposed around said cylinders, said inner ends of said studs engaging and being secured in openings formed in said bosses, said outer ends of said studs extending through openings in said heads, and means engaging said outer ends of said studs and said heads and securing said heads to said cylinders and said cylinders to said crankcase sections.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase having a side wall having an opening therein and having bosses formed around said opening, a cylinder engaging said crankcase and aligned with and closing said opening, a head having valve means therein and engaging and closing the outer end of said cylinder, studs having inner and outer ends and being disposed around said cylinder, said inner ends of said studs engaging and being secured in openings formed in said bosses, said outer ends of said studs extending through openings in said head, means rotatably engaging said outer ends of said studs and said head and securing said head to said cylinder and said cylinder to said crankcase, certain of said rotatably engaging and securing means being axially elongated and extending beyond the outer extremity of said head and providing rotatable support means, said rotatable support means and said head being formed inwardly of said outer extremity of said head to provide rigid means radially supporting said rotatable support means in said head, means operable from beyond said outer extremity of said head for operating said rotatable support means for tightening said certain of said rotatably engaging and securing means on said studs and said head, and rocker arm means mouted on said rotatable support means and operatively engaging said valve means.

4. An internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase having a side wall having an opening therein and having bosses formed around said opening, a cylinder engaging said crankcase and aligned with and closing said opening, a head having valve means therein and engaging and closing the outer end of said cylinder, studs having inner and outer ends and being disposed around said cylinder, said inner ends of said studs engaging and being secured in openings formed in said bosses, said outer ends of said studs extending through openings in said head, means rotatably engaging said outer ends of said studs and said head and securing said head to said cylinder and said cylinder to said crankcase, certain of 'said rotatably engaging and securing means being axially elongated and extending beyond the outer extremity of said head and providing rotatable support means, said rotatable support means and said head being formed inwardly of said outer extremity of said head to provide rigid means radially supporting said rotatable support means in said head, means operable from beyond said outer extremity of said head for operating said rotatable support means for tightening said certain of said rotatably engaging and securing means on said studs and said head, and rocker arm means mounted on said rotatable support means and operatively engaging said valve means, other of said rotatably engaging and securing means being not so axially elongated as said certain of said rotatably engaging and securing means and terminating within said outer extremity of said head and being spaced along the sides thereof from said head, said head beyond said other of said rotatably engaging and securing means being formed to provide axially aligned opening means extending through said outer extremity of said head and rendering said other of said rotatably engaging and securing means accessible for tightening on said studs and said head.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase having a side wall having an opening therein and having bosses formed around said opening, a cylinder engaging said crankcase and aligned with and closing said opening, a head having inlet and exhaust valve means therein and engaging and closing the outer end of said cylinder, studs having inner and outer ends and being disposed around said cylinder, said inner ends of said studs engaging and being secured in openings formed in said bosses, said outer ends of said studs extending through openings in said head, means rotatably engaging said outer ends of said studs and said head and securing said head to said cylinder and said cylinder to said crankcase, certain of said rotatably engaging and securing means being disposed in axially aligned opening means formed in said head and extending outwardly through the outer extremity of said head, support means mounted on said head remotely from said axially aligned opening means and out of axial alignment with said axially aligned opening means, rocker arm means mounted on said support means and operatively engaging said inlet and exhaust valve means, said certain of said rotatably engaging and securing means being accessible through said axially aligned opening means for tightening on said studs and said head while said rocker arm means operatively engages said inlet and exhaust valve means and said support means supports said rocker arm means and is mounted on said head.

6. An internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase .having a side wall having an opening therein and having bosses formed around said opening, a cylinder engaging said crankcase and aligned with and closing said opening, said cylinder having axially spaced radial fins formed thereon along the length of said cylinder, a head having an inner wall engaging and closing the outer end of said cylinder, studs having inner and outer ends and being disposed around said cylinder, said inner ends of said studs engaging and being secured in openings formed in said bosses, said outer ends of said studs extending through openings in said inner Wall of said head, and means engaging said outer ends of said studs and said inner wall of said head and securing said head to said cylinder and said cylinders to said crankcase, said head being formed to provide elongated passages beyond said inner wall and aligned with said studs and extending across said head and receiving and enclosing said engaging and securing means, said cylinder being formed to provide elongated passages receiving and enclosing said studs, said elongated passages in said cylinder being formed to extend across said fins and being formed in said fins by axially spaced openings in said fins, said axially spaced openings in certain of said fins being enclosed within the outer edges of said certain of said fins.

7. An internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase having a side wall having an opening therein and having bosses formed around said opening, a cylinder en gaging said crankcase and aligned with and closing said opening, a head having an inner wall engaging and closing the outer end of said cylinder, said head having axially spaced radial fins formed thereon along said head outwardly from said inner wall, studs having inner and outer ends and being disposed around said cylinder, said inner ends of said studs engaging and being secured in said bosses, said outer ends of said studs extending through openings in said inner wall of said head, and means engaging said outer ends of said studs and said inner Wall of said head and securing said head to said cylinders and said cylinders to said crankcase, said head being formed to provide elongated passages beyond said inner wall and aligned with said inner wall openings and extending across said head and receiving and enclosing said engaging and securing means, said elongated passages in said head being formed to extend across said fins and being formed in said fins by axially spaced openings in said fins, said axially spaced openings in certain of said fins being enclosed within the outer edges of said certain of said fins.

8. An internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase having a side wall having an opening therein and having bosses formed around said opening, a cylinder engaging said crankcase and aligned with and closing said opening, said cylinder having axially spaced radial fins formed thereon along the length of said cylinder, a head having an inner wall engaging and closing said outer end of said cylinder, said head having axially spaced radial fins formed thereon along said head outwardly from said inner wall, studs having inner and outer ends and being disposed around said cylinder, said inner ends of said studs engaging and being secured in said bosses, said outer ends of said studs extending through openings in said inner wall of said head, and means engaging said outer ends of said studs and said inner wall of said head and securing said head to said cylinders and said cylinders to said crankcase, said head being formed to provide elongated passages beyond said inner wall and aligned with said inner wall openings and extending across said head and receiving and enclosing said engaging and securing means, said cylinder being formed to provide elongated passages receiving and enclosing said studs, said elongated passages in said head and in said cylinder being formed to extend across said fins and being formed in said fins by axially spaced openings, said axially spaced openings in certain of said fins on said head and on said Eylinder being enclosed within the outer edges of said References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,857,077 Adamson May 3, 1932 2,515,347 Jameson July 18, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS 759,206 Germany Mar. 30, 1953