US2967964A - Electroluminescent lamp - Google Patents
Electroluminescent lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2967964A US2967964A US590130A US59013056A US2967964A US 2967964 A US2967964 A US 2967964A US 590130 A US590130 A US 590130A US 59013056 A US59013056 A US 59013056A US 2967964 A US2967964 A US 2967964A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- film
- electrically conducting
- electroluminescent lamp
- electrode
- glass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYZGMENMNUBUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N P.[S-2].[Zn+2] Chemical compound P.[S-2].[Zn+2] NYZGMENMNUBUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- UQMZPFKLYHOJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;cadmium(2+);disulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Zn+2].[Cd+2] UQMZPFKLYHOJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
- F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
- F21K9/232—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings specially adapted for generating an essentially omnidirectional light distribution, e.g. with a glass bulb
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/20—Electroluminescent [EL] light sources
Definitions
- the present invention relates broadly to electroluminescent lighting, and more particularly to a novel type of electroluminescent lamp having a generally conventional lamp structure and which can be used with conventional electrical outlets.
- Electroluminescence is a relatively new type of lighting in which the .light is obtained by direct application of voltage across a phosphor, or by placing the phosphor in an electric field. Lamps for'producing such light are now known, and a representative form of electroluminescent lamp is described in United States Patent No. 2,556,349, issued September 4, 1951, to Eric L. Mager.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of one representative form of the electroluminescent lamp of this invention
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the lamp of Fig. 1 illustrating the manner in which the electrically conducting films and phosphor material are disposed within the electroluminescent lamp;
- Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view illustrating the attachment of one electrode
- Fig. 4 is a sectional view of an apparatus illustrating one method of applying an electrically conducting film to the lamp of this invention by a thermal evaporation technique.
- the electroluminescent lamp shown in Fig. 1 comprises a cylindrically shaped body 11 and a conventional screw type electrical base 12.
- the body portion 11 includes a glass tube or cylinder 13 which may be a right circular cylinder as illustrated in the drawing or which may be irregularly or bulb shaped.
- the glass cylinder 13 has a transparent, electrically conducting film 14 attached to the inner surface thereof.
- An example of a plastic suitable for the purposes of this invention is plasticized nitrocellulose.
- any material that will emit light under the influence of an electric field may be used such as 'a zinc sulfide phosphor, zinc cadmium sulfide, or cadmium sulfide activated with copper or praseodymium.
- a second electrically conducting film 16 Disposed on the inner surface of the dielectric material is a second electrically conducting film 16 which may or may not be transparent.
- the glass cylinder 13 has a bead 17 which provides engagement of the attachment member 18 which in turn provides a mechanical attachment for the body member 11 and the conventional base 12.
- the glass cylinder 13 also has electrodes 19 and 20 which are preferably tabs of fired-on silver.
- the electrode 19 is in electrical contact with the electrically conducting film 14, while the electrode 20 is in electrical contact with the electrically conducting film 16.
- Wire 21 is electrically connected to electrode 18 by solder or other means, and is also connected to the electrode 22 of the conventional screw type base 12.
- Another wire 23 is electrically connected to electrode 20 by solder or other means, and also connected to the jacket 24 and the base 12.
- the lamp 10 when the lamp 10 is screwed into the conventional electrical outlet and the current is turned on, it is seen that a potential is applied to the electrically conducting films 14 and 16 which causes the field-responsive phosphor disposed therebetween to emit light.
- the glass cylinder 13 serves as an insulator, completely enclosing the electrically conducting films 14 and 16 and the connections therefor so that this structure is prevented from becoming an electric shock hazard.
- the glass cylinder 13 has two tabs of glass frit containing silver or other metal applied at one end and opposite each other, and the glass tube is heated to substantially its softening point to fire the glass frit on the glass thereby forming electrodes 18 and 20. While the glass tube is still hot, a solution of tin compound such as tin tetrachloride is uniformly sprayed on the inner wall to provide a transparent uniform coating of electrically conductive tin oxide. The tin oxide film is then deleted with hydrochloric acid or by other means in the areas surrounding the electrode 20 to provide a break with the film 14 as illustrated in Fig. 3 so that it is in electrical contact with the electrode 19 only. The electrode 20 may also be maintained out of contact with the electrically conducting film 14 by masking the area off while the film is being formed.
- tin compound such as tin tetrachloride
- a dielectric material such as a plasticized nitrocellulose material which is similar to lacquer and a field-responsive phosphor material is added which may be from about 10% to 50% by volume in the lacquer, much the same as pigment is added to paint.
- a thin film of the phosphor containing lacquer is then uniformly applied to the inner surface of the cylinder of the electrically conducting film 14 to form the dielectric layer 15.
- a second thin coating of nitrocellulose lacquer which does not contain phosphor is applied over the layer 15 to form a part thereof and smooth off the inner surface so that a more uniform inner electrically conducting layer 16 may be formed thereover.
- the thickness of the dielectric layer should not exceed about fifteen thousandths of an inch, and preferably, it should be less than about five thousandths.
- the electrically conducting layer 16 may be applied by thermally evaporating a volatilizable metal such as aluminum, silver, copper or gold.
- a bell jar 25 or similar enclosure may be utilized having a rod or wire 26 extending through its upper portion and lead wires 27 and 28 communicating therein as illustrated in Fig. 3.
- the glass cylinder 13 is centrally disposed in the bell jar and surrounding a filament 29 having small pieces of aluminum 30 in contact therewith and which is electrically heated by a current applied through lead wires 27 and 28.
- Tongs 31 are connected to the glass cylinder and the wire or rod 26 for providing movement to the cylinder 13 on movement of the rod or wire 26.
- the bell jar In order to deposit the metal film 16, the bell jar is evacuated by removing substantially all of the air through an exhaust tube 32 and current is applied to the filament 29 thereby heating the same in an amount sufficient to evaporate the aluminum 3! As the aluminum volatilizes, the glass cylinder 13 is uniformly drawn upward by lifting the rod 26 until a lower portion of the cylinder 13 surrounds the filament 29 and the atmosphere of evaporated aluminum. If desired, more than one pass may be made to increase the thickness of the vapor deposited aluminum film. Also it is contemplated that the first electrically conducting film 14 may be vapor deposited by this method if desired. When the tube 12 is irregularly shaped, modifications are made in the placement of the filament and movement of the Wire 26 which provide the formation of a uniform film 16.
- the area in the vicinity of the electrode 19 is masked off to prevent the film from forming at the electrode 19 so that electrical contact exists between the film 16 and the electrode 20 only.
- the lead wires 21 and 23 are then soldered to the electrodes 19 and 20, and conventionally attached to the screw type outlet 12.
- An electroluminescent lamp comprising, a glass body of generally cylindrical shape and open at one end, a first and second electrode fused to said body, a transparent electrically conducting film on the inner wall of said body in electrical contact with the first of said electrodes and out of electrical contact with the second of said electrodes, a layer of solid dielectric material disposed on the inner wall of said electrically conductive film, said dielectric material having a field-responsive phosphor imbedded therein, an electrically conducting layer of material disposed on the inner surface of said dielectric material in electrical contact with the second of said electrodes and out of electricalcontact with the first of said electrodes, a screw type socket adapted to engage a conventional screw type electrical outlet, and means for electrically connecting said screw type socket to said electrodes.
Description
1 1961 c. M. BROWNE 2,967,964
ELECTROLUMINESCENT LAMP Filed Jun 8, 1956 14 INVENTOR.
@zwclaLW]. l /cowne BY 5 fladefdwope A TTORNE YS Unite States Patent ELECTROLUMINESCENT LAMP Charles M. Browne, Toledo, Ohio, assignor to Libbey- Owens-Ford Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio, :1 corporation of Ohio Filed June 8, 1956, Ser. No. 590,130
'1 Claim. (Cl. 313-108) The present invention relates broadly to electroluminescent lighting, and more particularly to a novel type of electroluminescent lamp having a generally conventional lamp structure and which can be used with conventional electrical outlets.
Electroluminescence is a relatively new type of lighting in which the .light is obtained by direct application of voltage across a phosphor, or by placing the phosphor in an electric field. Lamps for'producing such light are now known, and a representative form of electroluminescent lamp is described in United States Patent No. 2,556,349, issued September 4, 1951, to Eric L. Mager.
However, most of these structures have a number of disadvantages because of their inability to fit conventional sockets, various problems in electric lead wire attachment. and in the exposure of electrically conducting surfaces where a source of electrical shock is available. Accordingly, it is a primary object of this invention to provide an electroluminescent lamp structure which overcomes the above mentioned difiiculties and which is a comparatively simple, practical structure.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent during the course of the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings, wherein like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of one representative form of the electroluminescent lamp of this invention;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the lamp of Fig. 1 illustrating the manner in which the electrically conducting films and phosphor material are disposed within the electroluminescent lamp;
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view illustrating the attachment of one electrode; and
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of an apparatus illustrating one method of applying an electrically conducting film to the lamp of this invention by a thermal evaporation technique.
The electroluminescent lamp shown in Fig. 1 comprises a cylindrically shaped body 11 and a conventional screw type electrical base 12. The body portion 11 includes a glass tube or cylinder 13 which may be a right circular cylinder as illustrated in the drawing or which may be irregularly or bulb shaped. In the structure illustrated in the drawing, the glass cylinder 13 has a transparent, electrically conducting film 14 attached to the inner surface thereof. On the inner surface of the electrically conducting film 14, there is a layer 15 of dielectric material having an electric field-responsive phosphor imbedded therein. Any solid dielectric material may be used and plastic materials are preferred because of their high dielectric constant. An example of a plastic suitable for the purposes of this invention is plasticized nitrocellulose. Any material that will emit light under the influence of an electric field may be used such as 'a zinc sulfide phosphor, zinc cadmium sulfide, or cadmium sulfide activated with copper or praseodymium. Disposed on the inner surface of the dielectric material is a second electrically conducting film 16 which may or may not be transparent.
In the embodiment illustrated in the drawing, the glass cylinder 13 has a bead 17 which provides engagement of the attachment member 18 which in turn provides a mechanical attachment for the body member 11 and the conventional base 12.
The glass cylinder 13 also has electrodes 19 and 20 which are preferably tabs of fired-on silver. The electrode 19 is in electrical contact with the electrically conducting film 14, while the electrode 20 is in electrical contact with the electrically conducting film 16. Wire 21 is electrically connected to electrode 18 by solder or other means, and is also connected to the electrode 22 of the conventional screw type base 12. Another wire 23 is electrically connected to electrode 20 by solder or other means, and also connected to the jacket 24 and the base 12.
Accordingly, when the lamp 10 is screwed into the conventional electrical outlet and the current is turned on, it is seen that a potential is applied to the electrically conducting films 14 and 16 which causes the field-responsive phosphor disposed therebetween to emit light. Also it is to be noted that the glass cylinder 13 serves as an insulator, completely enclosing the electrically conducting films 14 and 16 and the connections therefor so that this structure is prevented from becoming an electric shock hazard.
In order to more fully understand the method of preparing the body portion 11 of the electroluminescent lamp of this invention, the following procedure is given, but it is to be understood that it is intended to be illustrative only and not to limit the scope of the invention.
The glass cylinder 13 has two tabs of glass frit containing silver or other metal applied at one end and opposite each other, and the glass tube is heated to substantially its softening point to fire the glass frit on the glass thereby forming electrodes 18 and 20. While the glass tube is still hot, a solution of tin compound such as tin tetrachloride is uniformly sprayed on the inner wall to provide a transparent uniform coating of electrically conductive tin oxide. The tin oxide film is then deleted with hydrochloric acid or by other means in the areas surrounding the electrode 20 to provide a break with the film 14 as illustrated in Fig. 3 so that it is in electrical contact with the electrode 19 only. The electrode 20 may also be maintained out of contact with the electrically conducting film 14 by masking the area off while the film is being formed.
Next a dielectric material such as a plasticized nitrocellulose material is prepared which is similar to lacquer and a field-responsive phosphor material is added which may be from about 10% to 50% by volume in the lacquer, much the same as pigment is added to paint. A thin film of the phosphor containing lacquer is then uniformly applied to the inner surface of the cylinder of the electrically conducting film 14 to form the dielectric layer 15. Preferably, a second thin coating of nitrocellulose lacquer which does not contain phosphor is applied over the layer 15 to form a part thereof and smooth off the inner surface so that a more uniform inner electrically conducting layer 16 may be formed thereover. Generally, the thickness of the dielectric layer should not exceed about fifteen thousandths of an inch, and preferably, it should be less than about five thousandths.
The electrically conducting layer 16 may be applied by thermally evaporating a volatilizable metal such as aluminum, silver, copper or gold. In order to apply the film 16, a bell jar 25 or similar enclosure may be utilized having a rod or wire 26 extending through its upper portion and lead wires 27 and 28 communicating therein as illustrated in Fig. 3.
The glass cylinder 13 is centrally disposed in the bell jar and surrounding a filament 29 having small pieces of aluminum 30 in contact therewith and which is electrically heated by a current applied through lead wires 27 and 28. Tongs 31 are connected to the glass cylinder and the wire or rod 26 for providing movement to the cylinder 13 on movement of the rod or wire 26.
In order to deposit the metal film 16, the bell jar is evacuated by removing substantially all of the air through an exhaust tube 32 and current is applied to the filament 29 thereby heating the same in an amount sufficient to evaporate the aluminum 3! As the aluminum volatilizes, the glass cylinder 13 is uniformly drawn upward by lifting the rod 26 until a lower portion of the cylinder 13 surrounds the filament 29 and the atmosphere of evaporated aluminum. If desired, more than one pass may be made to increase the thickness of the vapor deposited aluminum film. Also it is contemplated that the first electrically conducting film 14 may be vapor deposited by this method if desired. When the tube 12 is irregularly shaped, modifications are made in the placement of the filament and movement of the Wire 26 which provide the formation of a uniform film 16.
Before the film 16 is deposited, the area in the vicinity of the electrode 19 is masked off to prevent the film from forming at the electrode 19 so that electrical contact exists between the film 16 and the electrode 20 only. The lead wires 21 and 23 are then soldered to the electrodes 19 and 20, and conventionally attached to the screw type outlet 12.
It is to be understood that the form of the invention disclosed herein is to be taken as the preferred embodiment thereof, and that various changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts as well as various procedural changes may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the following claim.
I claim:
An electroluminescent lamp comprising, a glass body of generally cylindrical shape and open at one end, a first and second electrode fused to said body, a transparent electrically conducting film on the inner wall of said body in electrical contact with the first of said electrodes and out of electrical contact with the second of said electrodes, a layer of solid dielectric material disposed on the inner wall of said electrically conductive film, said dielectric material having a field-responsive phosphor imbedded therein, an electrically conducting layer of material disposed on the inner surface of said dielectric material in electrical contact with the second of said electrodes and out of electricalcontact with the first of said electrodes, a screw type socket adapted to engage a conventional screw type electrical outlet, and means for electrically connecting said screw type socket to said electrodes.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,714,683 Jenkins Aug. 2, 1955
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US590130A US2967964A (en) | 1956-06-08 | 1956-06-08 | Electroluminescent lamp |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US590130A US2967964A (en) | 1956-06-08 | 1956-06-08 | Electroluminescent lamp |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2967964A true US2967964A (en) | 1961-01-10 |
Family
ID=24360987
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US590130A Expired - Lifetime US2967964A (en) | 1956-06-08 | 1956-06-08 | Electroluminescent lamp |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2967964A (en) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2714683A (en) * | 1951-12-19 | 1955-08-02 | Gen Electric | Electroluminescent bulb |
-
1956
- 1956-06-08 US US590130A patent/US2967964A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2714683A (en) * | 1951-12-19 | 1955-08-02 | Gen Electric | Electroluminescent bulb |
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