US2962695A - Resonant low-frequency transducer - Google Patents

Resonant low-frequency transducer Download PDF

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US2962695A
US2962695A US508073A US50807355A US2962695A US 2962695 A US2962695 A US 2962695A US 508073 A US508073 A US 508073A US 50807355 A US50807355 A US 50807355A US 2962695 A US2962695 A US 2962695A
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transducer
counterweights
longitudinal
cylinder
compliant
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US508073A
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Wilbur T Harris
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Harris Transducer Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
    • B06B1/0611—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements in a pile
    • B06B1/0618—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements in a pile of piezo- and non-piezoelectric elements, e.g. 'Tonpilz'
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S116/00—Signals and indicators
    • Y10S116/18—Wave generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S181/00—Acoustics
    • Y10S181/40—Wave coupling
    • Y10S181/402—Liquid

Definitions

  • resonant structures and is particularly adaptable for immersion in a liquid and in combination with an electromechanical transducer element, the arrangement being such that mechanically resonant properties dominate overall performance.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a resonantstructure incorporating features of the invention and shown in combination with a transducer clement so as to dominate the performance thereof;
  • Figs. 2, 3, and 4 represent modifications of the structure of Fig. 1.
  • my invention contemplates a' tubular resonant structure involving longitudinally spaced; counterweights or masses, longitudinally connected to each other by longitudinally compliant means, and having a response primarily on the longitudinal axis.
  • Such structures resonate parasitically when the surrounding medium is excited in phase and near the longitudinal.
  • weights is defined by the liquid in which the device is;
  • a longitudinally acting electromechanical transducer element may be arranged within the resonator and in direct thrust-transmitting and thrust-receiving abutment with both counterweights 14-15.
  • such transducer element comprises an elongated piezoelectric cylinder 16, as of barium titanate.
  • the cylinder 16 may be strongly bonded at its longitudinal ends to shoulders 17-18 on the counterweights 14-15, and the counterweights 14-15 are preferably tapered outwardly (as at 19), from the shoulder 17-18 to the cylinder 10, for better thrust-transmitting relation between the transducer element 16 and the longitudinally compliant cylinder 10.
  • the transducer element 16 is completed by inner and outer foil electrodes 211-21 applied thereto, and lead connections 22 are served by a cable 23 passing through one of the counterweights 15 and suitably sealed, as by bushing 24 and gland means 25.
  • Fig. 2 closely resembles thatof Fig. 1 and therefore corresponding parts have been given the same reference numerals.
  • the essential diiference between the two structures is that, in Fig. 2, low-frequency performance is achieved with minimum structural weight, by relying on locally trapped volumes of liquid to provide part of the opposed counterweight action. This may be achieved by attaching relatively stiff free-flooded chambers or open cups to the counterweights or closure members 14-15, but in the form shown, cups 26-27 are defined by merely extending the end skirts 12'-13' of the cylinder 10.
  • the thickness of the skirts 12-13 is preferably such that these portions shall be relatively stiff, so that radial resonance within the cups 26-27 shall occur substantially above .the predominant low-frequency resonance characteristic, ofthe longitudinal mode of operation of the device.
  • The; cupdepths are generally less than A; of a wavelength of,
  • the transducer element 30 happens to be of the variety described in greater detail in my co pending application Serial No. 475,462, filed December" 15, 1954, now abandoned.
  • the element 30 comprises a stack of like E-lam-.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates still another transducer element for use with my basic resonator structure.
  • the transducer element 40 comprises a stacked plurality of like piezoelectric crystal slabs 4l42, with outer foil electrodes 4344 spanning the same.
  • the ends of the elongation axes of the crystals 4142 are shown bonded to suitably formed pedestals 45-46 on the end masses or closure members 1415. Electrical leads to the electrodes 4344 may be supplied by way of cable means 23, as previously described.
  • An electromechanical transducer comprising an elongated relatively stiff tubular member having an axially compliant portion intermediate the ends thereof, first and second massive counterweights within said member and peripherally continuously secured to said member at locations on opposite sides of said compliant portion, and a transducer element between said counterweights and in direct longitudinal thrust-transmitting relation with said counterweights, said element having an electrical response reflecting longitudinal stress fluctuations therein.
  • a mechanically resonant structure comprising an elongated relatively stiff tubular member having a peripherally continuous radially extending axially compliant deformed portion intermediate the ends thereof, and first and second massive counterweights within said member and peripherally continuously secured to said member at locations on opposite sides of said compliant portion.
  • An electromechanical transducer comprising an elongated tubular member having a relatively stiff axially compliant portion intermediate the ends thereof, first and second counterweights within said member and peripherally continuously secured to said member at locations on opposite sides of said compliant portion, a transducer element between said counterweights and in direct longitudinal thrust-transmitting relation with said counterweights, said element having an electrical response reflecting longitudinal stress fluctuations therein,and first and second cups carried by said counterweights and facing longitudinally outwardly of each other; whereby, when immersed in a liquid, the liquid contained within said cups may provide additional loading mass determining resonant properties of said transducer, without proportionally adding to the weight of the transducer structure alone.
  • a transducer according to claim 3 in which said cups are defined as end extensions of said tubular memher by securing said counterweights to said tube inwardly of the longitudinal ends of said tubular member.
  • An electromechanical transducer comprising an elongated relatively stiff axially compliant tubular member, two counterweights contained within said member and secured to each other by way of a compliant portion of said member, and a transducer element between said counterweights and in direct longitudinal thrust relation with said counterweights, said element having an electrical response reflecting longitudinal stress fluctuations therein.
  • An electromechanical transducer comprising a transducer element having an electromechanical response for one axis of longitudinal stress fluctuation, counterweights in direct thrusting relation with said element on said axis and on opposite sides of said element, and 1ongitudinal compliant means longitudinally interconnecting said counterweights independently of their connection by way of said element.
  • An electromechanical transducer comprising a transducer element having an electromechanical response for one axis of longitudinal stress fluctuation, two cups open at one end and closed at the other and facing away from each other on said axis and in direct thrusting relation with said element on said axis and on opposite sides of said element, and compliant means longitudinally interconnecting said cups independently of their connection by way of said element.
  • An electromechanical transducer comprising a cylindrical relatively stiff tube centrally deformed by a circumferentially continuous radially extending deformation, whereby said deformation provides an axially compliant connection between otherwise stiff end portions of said cylinder, two counterweights secured peripherally continuously to the respective ends of said cylinder, and a transducer element between said counterweights and in direct longitudinally thrusting relation with said counterweights, said element having an electrical response reflecting longitudinal stress fluctuations therein.
  • transducer element comprises a piezoelectric cylinder bonded at its longitudinal ends to said counterweights and coaxially supported within said first-mentioned cylinder.
  • a transducer according to claim 8 in which said transducer element is a magnetostrictive element.
  • a transducer according to claim 8 in which said transducer element includes a piezoelectric crystal.
  • transducer element comprises a stack of piezoelectriccrystal slabs having opposed edges in direct thrusting abutment with said counterweights.
  • a mechanical resonator for liquid immersion comprising a stiff elongated cylinder centrally deformed with a circumferentially continuous radial deformation defining a compliant connection between two refatively stiff end portions, first and second relatively stiff closure members circumferentially continuously secured within said respective stiff end portions and symmetrically located inwardly of the longitudinal ends of said cylinder, whereby longitudinally outwardly open cups are defined at the longitudinal ends of said cylinder; the stiffness of said closure members and of said stiff end portions being such that, when immersed in a liquid, the longitudinal resonance afforded by compliant connection at said deformation between end masses, constituting essentially l quid contained in said cups, is at a frequency substantially lower than any radial or other resonance attributable to said relatively stiff portions.
  • An electromechanical transducer comprising a stiff elongated cylinder centrally deformed with a circumferentially continuous radial deformation defining a compliant connection between two relatively stiff end portions, first and second relatively stiff closure members circumferentially continuously secured within said respective stiff end portions and symmetrically located inwardly of the longitudinal ends of said cylinder, where by longitudinally outwardly open cups are defined at the longitudinal ends of said cylinder; the stiffness of said closure members and of said stiff end portions being such that, when immersed in a liquid, the longitudinal resonance afforded by compliant connection at said deformation between end masses constituting essentially liquid contained in said cups is at a frequency substantially lower than any radial or other resonance attributable to said relatively stiff portions; and a transducer element between said closure members in direct longitudinally thrusting relation with said closure members, said element having an electrical response reflecting longitudinal stress fluctuations therein.
  • transducer element comprises a piezoelectric cylinder bonded at its longitudinal ends to said closure members and coaxially supported within said first-mentioned cylinder.
  • An electromechanical transducer comprising a transducer element having an electromechanical response for one axis of longitudinal stress fluctuation, two opposed fluid traps connected in direct thrusting relation with the opposite longitudinal ends of said element, and relatively stiff longitudinally compliant means longitudinally interconnecting said traps independently of their connection by way of said element.

Description

Nov. 29, 1960 w. T. HARRIS 2,962,695
RESONANT LOW-FREQUENCY TRANSDUCER Filed May 13, 1955 INVENTOR. W/LBUR Z f/fl/F/P/S n dsmims Patent RESONANT LOW-FREQUENCY TRANSDUCER Wilbur T. Harris, Southbury, Conn., assignor to The Harris Transducer Corporation, Woodbury, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Filed May 13, 1955, Ser. No. 508,073 20 Claims. (01. 340- My invention relates to low-frequency mechanically,
resonant structures and is particularly adaptable for immersion in a liquid and in combination with an electromechanical transducer element, the arrangement being such that mechanically resonant properties dominate overall performance.
It is an object of the invention to provide improved structures of the character indicated.
"It is another object toprovide an improved underwater resonator particularly for operation at relatively low frequencies.
It is another object to provide a high efiiciency underwater-sound projector particularly applicable in the lower audio-frequency range.
. It is a general object to achieve the above objects while avoiding large massive constructions,'that is, by maximizzng power output per pound of transducer.
Other objects and various further features of novelty and invention will be pointed out or will occur to those skilled in the art from a reading of the following specification in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In said drawings, which show, for illustrative purposes only, preferred forms of the invention:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a resonantstructure incorporating features of the invention and shown in combination with a transducer clement so as to dominate the performance thereof; and
Figs. 2, 3, and 4 represent modifications of the structure of Fig. 1.
Briefly stated, my invention contemplates a' tubular resonant structure involving longitudinally spaced; counterweights or masses, longitudinally connected to each other by longitudinally compliant means, and having a response primarily on the longitudinal axis. Such structures resonate parasitically when the surrounding medium is excited in phase and near the longitudinal.
resonance frequency.of the device; and by; connecting. n i a t-a i s t ans u er e m n i s i u' h ing relation with the respective counterweights', electros mechanical transducers having similarresonant propertiesl are provided; -In one general form to be described, counterweight action is achieved primarily .by reason of masses forming physical parts of the transducer itself, whereas in another general form, the substance of-one or both of the end masses or counter .located. End masses or counterweights 14-15 provide means for closing off the inner (pressurereleasing) volume of my resonator and are thus preferably circumferentially continuously secured to the stiff cylinder portions 12-13. In the form shown, the masses or counterweights 14-15 and the affixed stiif end of the housing made to do so p-arasitically, when immersed in a liquid,
weights is defined by the liquid in which the device is;
immersed'for operation, said liquid being trapped or localizedby free-flooded chambers or cup structures at. the longi-utdinal ends of the device. 7
,Referring to Fig. 1 of th drawings, rny invention with performance in the lower audio-frequency range.
.In accordance with a feature of the invention, a longitudinally acting electromechanical transducer element may be arranged within the resonator and in direct thrust-transmitting and thrust-receiving abutment with both counterweights 14-15. In the form shown, such transducer element comprises an elongated piezoelectric cylinder 16, as of barium titanate. The cylinder 16 may be strongly bonded at its longitudinal ends to shoulders 17-18 on the counterweights 14-15, and the counterweights 14-15 are preferably tapered outwardly (as at 19), from the shoulder 17-18 to the cylinder 10, for better thrust-transmitting relation between the transducer element 16 and the longitudinally compliant cylinder 10. The transducer element 16 is completed by inner and outer foil electrodes 211-21 applied thereto, and lead connections 22 are served by a cable 23 passing through one of the counterweights 15 and suitably sealed, as by bushing 24 and gland means 25.
The arrangement of Fig. 2 closely resembles thatof Fig. 1 and therefore corresponding parts have been given the same reference numerals. The essential diiference between the two structures is that, in Fig. 2, low-frequency performance is achieved with minimum structural weight, by relying on locally trapped volumes of liquid to provide part of the opposed counterweight action. This may be achieved by attaching relatively stiff free-flooded chambers or open cups to the counterweights or closure members 14-15, but in the form shown, cups 26-27 are defined by merely extending the end skirts 12'-13' of the cylinder 10. Again, the thickness of the skirts 12-13 is preferably such that these portions shall be relatively stiff, so that radial resonance within the cups 26-27 shall occur substantially above .the predominant low-frequency resonance characteristic, ofthe longitudinal mode of operation of the device. The; cupdepths are generally less than A; of a wavelength of,
bonded at its longitudinal ends to suitable pedestals 31-32 on the coun-terweights or closure members 14-15. As shown, the transducer element 30 happens to be of the variety described in greater detail in my co pending application Serial No. 475,462, filed December" 15, 1954, now abandoned.
say that the element 30 comprises a stack of like E-lam-.
It therefore suffices here to leads may be brought out through one of the counter V weights 15 in the manner previously described.
The arrangement of Fig. 4 illustrates still another transducer element for use with my basic resonator structure. In Fig. 4, the transducer element 40 comprises a stacked plurality of like piezoelectric crystal slabs 4l42, with outer foil electrodes 4344 spanning the same. The ends of the elongation axes of the crystals 4142 are shown bonded to suitably formed pedestals 45-46 on the end masses or closure members 1415. Electrical leads to the electrodes 4344 may be supplied by way of cable means 23, as previously described.
It will be appreciated that I have described basically simple resonant structures particularly applicable to lower audio-frequency performance when immersed in liquid, as for underwater use. My structures are particularly eflicient when excited by electromechanical transducer elements, and all of these structures lend themselves to the maximizing of power output per pound of transducer. The latter result is aided by the liquid-trap means 2627, which may also be viewed as a mechanism for additionally loading the counterweights of a basic or standard configuration (Fig. l) in order to construct the same for still lower frequency performance.
While I have described the invention in detail for the preferred forms illustrated, it will be understood that modifications may be made within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims which follow.
I claim:
1. An electromechanical transducer, comprising an elongated relatively stiff tubular member having an axially compliant portion intermediate the ends thereof, first and second massive counterweights within said member and peripherally continuously secured to said member at locations on opposite sides of said compliant portion, and a transducer element between said counterweights and in direct longitudinal thrust-transmitting relation with said counterweights, said element having an electrical response reflecting longitudinal stress fluctuations therein.
2. A mechanically resonant structure, comprising an elongated relatively stiff tubular member having a peripherally continuous radially extending axially compliant deformed portion intermediate the ends thereof, and first and second massive counterweights within said member and peripherally continuously secured to said member at locations on opposite sides of said compliant portion.
3. An electromechanical transducer, comprising an elongated tubular member having a relatively stiff axially compliant portion intermediate the ends thereof, first and second counterweights within said member and peripherally continuously secured to said member at locations on opposite sides of said compliant portion, a transducer element between said counterweights and in direct longitudinal thrust-transmitting relation with said counterweights, said element having an electrical response reflecting longitudinal stress fluctuations therein,and first and second cups carried by said counterweights and facing longitudinally outwardly of each other; whereby, when immersed in a liquid, the liquid contained within said cups may provide additional loading mass determining resonant properties of said transducer, without proportionally adding to the weight of the transducer structure alone.
4. A transducer according to claim 3, in which said cups are defined as end extensions of said tubular memher by securing said counterweights to said tube inwardly of the longitudinal ends of said tubular member.
5. An electromechanical transducer, comprising an elongated relatively stiff axially compliant tubular member, two counterweights contained within said member and secured to each other by way of a compliant portion of said member, and a transducer element between said counterweights and in direct longitudinal thrust relation with said counterweights, said element having an electrical response reflecting longitudinal stress fluctuations therein.
6. An electromechanical transducer, comprising a transducer element having an electromechanical response for one axis of longitudinal stress fluctuation, counterweights in direct thrusting relation with said element on said axis and on opposite sides of said element, and 1ongitudinal compliant means longitudinally interconnecting said counterweights independently of their connection by way of said element.
7. An electromechanical transducer, comprising a transducer element having an electromechanical response for one axis of longitudinal stress fluctuation, two cups open at one end and closed at the other and facing away from each other on said axis and in direct thrusting relation with said element on said axis and on opposite sides of said element, and compliant means longitudinally interconnecting said cups independently of their connection by way of said element.
8. An electromechanical transducer, comprising a cylindrical relatively stiff tube centrally deformed by a circumferentially continuous radially extending deformation, whereby said deformation provides an axially compliant connection between otherwise stiff end portions of said cylinder, two counterweights secured peripherally continuously to the respective ends of said cylinder, and a transducer element between said counterweights and in direct longitudinally thrusting relation with said counterweights, said element having an electrical response reflecting longitudinal stress fluctuations therein.
9. A transducer according to claim 8, in which said transducer element comprises a piezoelectric cylinder bonded at its longitudinal ends to said counterweights and coaxially supported within said first-mentioned cylinder.
10. A transducer according to claim 8, in which said transducer element is a magnetostrictive element.
11. A transducer according to claim 8, in which said transducer element includes a piezoelectric crystal.
12. A transducer according to claim 8, in which said transducer element comprises a stack of piezoelectriccrystal slabs having opposed edges in direct thrusting abutment with said counterweights.
13. A mechanical resonator for liquid immersion, comprising a stiff elongated cylinder centrally deformed with a circumferentially continuous radial deformation defining a compliant connection between two refatively stiff end portions, first and second relatively stiff closure members circumferentially continuously secured within said respective stiff end portions and symmetrically located inwardly of the longitudinal ends of said cylinder, whereby longitudinally outwardly open cups are defined at the longitudinal ends of said cylinder; the stiffness of said closure members and of said stiff end portions being such that, when immersed in a liquid, the longitudinal resonance afforded by compliant connection at said deformation between end masses, constituting essentially l quid contained in said cups, is at a frequency substantially lower than any radial or other resonance attributable to said relatively stiff portions.
14. An electromechanical transducer, comprising a stiff elongated cylinder centrally deformed with a circumferentially continuous radial deformation defining a compliant connection between two relatively stiff end portions, first and second relatively stiff closure members circumferentially continuously secured within said respective stiff end portions and symmetrically located inwardly of the longitudinal ends of said cylinder, where by longitudinally outwardly open cups are defined at the longitudinal ends of said cylinder; the stiffness of said closure members and of said stiff end portions being such that, when immersed in a liquid, the longitudinal resonance afforded by compliant connection at said deformation between end masses constituting essentially liquid contained in said cups is at a frequency substantially lower than any radial or other resonance attributable to said relatively stiff portions; and a transducer element between said closure members in direct longitudinally thrusting relation with said closure members, said element having an electrical response reflecting longitudinal stress fluctuations therein.
15. A transducer according to claim 14, in which said transducer element comprises a piezoelectric cylinder bonded at its longitudinal ends to said closure members and coaxially supported within said first-mentioned cylinder.
16. A transducer according to claim 14, in which said transducer element is a magnetostrictive element.
17. A transducer according to claim 14, in which said transducer element includes a piezoelectric crystal.
18. An electromechanical transducer, comprising a transducer element having an electromechanical response for one axis of longitudinal stress fluctuation, two opposed fluid traps connected in direct thrusting relation with the opposite longitudinal ends of said element, and relatively stiff longitudinally compliant means longitudinally interconnecting said traps independently of their connection by way of said element.
19. A transducer according to claim 18, in which said traps are chambers each having at least one opening for free-flooding when immersed in a liquid.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,738,565 Claypoole Dec. 10, 1929 1,874,982 Hansell Aug. 30, 1932 2,116,522 Kunze May 10, 1938 2,138,036 Kunze Nov. 29, 1938 2,452,085 Turner Oct. 26, 1948 2,478,207 Robinson Aug. 9, 1949 2,616,820 Bourgeaux Nov. 4, 1952 2,638,577 Harris May 12, 1953
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Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3068446A (en) * 1958-08-21 1962-12-11 Stanley L Ehrlich Tubular electrostrictive transducer with spaced electrodes and loading masses
US3100291A (en) * 1960-10-25 1963-08-06 Frank R Abbott Underwater loudspeaker
US3113288A (en) * 1960-10-21 1963-12-03 Benjamin L Snavely Supersensitive shielded crystal hydrophone
US3118126A (en) * 1959-05-14 1964-01-14 Texas Instruments Inc Seismometer
US3126520A (en) * 1964-03-24 Transducer
US3149301A (en) * 1959-09-01 1964-09-15 Charles E Green Electroacoustic transducer
US3256738A (en) * 1963-05-23 1966-06-21 Simmonds Precision Products Magnetostrictive transducer
US3266011A (en) * 1961-12-18 1966-08-09 Dynamics Corp America Hydrophone
US3274538A (en) * 1960-09-19 1966-09-20 Benjamin L Snavely Electroacoustic transducer
US3281772A (en) * 1965-01-26 1966-10-25 Frank R Abbott Low frequency electromagnetic hydrophone
US3281770A (en) * 1963-06-18 1966-10-25 Claude C Sims Cavity loaded piston resonator
US3284762A (en) * 1965-03-26 1966-11-08 Harry W Kompanek Mechanical-to-electrical transducer
US3287696A (en) * 1962-11-03 1966-11-22 Inst Francais Du Petrole Vibrator
US3308423A (en) * 1963-12-30 1967-03-07 Dynamics Corp America Electroacoustic transducer
US3331589A (en) * 1965-02-08 1967-07-18 Frederick G Hammitt Vibratory unit with seal
US3371309A (en) * 1965-06-10 1968-02-27 Navy Usa Thermo-mechanical transducer
US3409031A (en) * 1966-11-18 1968-11-05 Fletcher A. Benbow Sonic cleaning apparatus for pipes
US3525243A (en) * 1967-06-15 1970-08-25 Gulton Ind Inc Wire cleaning apparatus
US3619671A (en) * 1969-12-29 1971-11-09 Branson Instr Transducer for ultrasonic machine tool
US3778758A (en) * 1972-09-25 1973-12-11 Us Navy Transducer
US4020448A (en) * 1973-09-17 1977-04-26 James Patrick Corbett Oscillating crystal transducer systems
US4072871A (en) * 1974-05-20 1978-02-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Electroacoustic transducer
US4129851A (en) * 1976-01-29 1978-12-12 Interatom, International Atomreaktorbau Gmbh Electroacoustic transducer with a magnetostrictive core
US4138659A (en) * 1977-04-01 1979-02-06 Johnson Sven J Sonic motor
US4160231A (en) * 1973-04-19 1979-07-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Low frequency dipole hydrophone transducer
US4160232A (en) * 1973-04-19 1979-07-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Low frequency dipole hydrophone transducer
US4167209A (en) * 1975-08-15 1979-09-11 The Electricity Council Boilers
US4972390A (en) * 1989-04-03 1990-11-20 General Instrument Corp. Stack driven flexural disc transducer
DE3914413A1 (en) * 1988-05-05 1992-04-02 France Etat METHOD AND ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER FOR EMITTING LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND WAVES IN A LIQUID
US6218768B1 (en) * 1998-11-23 2001-04-17 Korea Institute Of Machinery & Materials Power ultrasonic transducer

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US1738565A (en) * 1927-07-18 1929-12-10 Texas Co Method and apparatus for utilizing high-frequency sound waves
US1874982A (en) * 1929-06-20 1932-08-30 Frequency changer
US2116522A (en) * 1933-01-07 1938-05-10 Submarine Signal Co Compressional wave sender and receiver
US2138036A (en) * 1932-12-24 1938-11-29 Submarine Signal Co Compressional wave sender or receiver
US2452085A (en) * 1942-08-06 1948-10-26 Submarine Signal Co Means for the interchange of electrical and acoustical energy
US2478207A (en) * 1945-09-05 1949-08-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Vibrating apparatus
US2616820A (en) * 1947-05-19 1952-11-04 Saint Gobain Vibratory cleansing of objects
US2638577A (en) * 1949-11-15 1953-05-12 Harris Transducer Corp Transducer

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1738565A (en) * 1927-07-18 1929-12-10 Texas Co Method and apparatus for utilizing high-frequency sound waves
US1874982A (en) * 1929-06-20 1932-08-30 Frequency changer
US2138036A (en) * 1932-12-24 1938-11-29 Submarine Signal Co Compressional wave sender or receiver
US2116522A (en) * 1933-01-07 1938-05-10 Submarine Signal Co Compressional wave sender and receiver
US2452085A (en) * 1942-08-06 1948-10-26 Submarine Signal Co Means for the interchange of electrical and acoustical energy
US2478207A (en) * 1945-09-05 1949-08-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Vibrating apparatus
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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3126520A (en) * 1964-03-24 Transducer
US3068446A (en) * 1958-08-21 1962-12-11 Stanley L Ehrlich Tubular electrostrictive transducer with spaced electrodes and loading masses
US3118126A (en) * 1959-05-14 1964-01-14 Texas Instruments Inc Seismometer
US3149301A (en) * 1959-09-01 1964-09-15 Charles E Green Electroacoustic transducer
US3274538A (en) * 1960-09-19 1966-09-20 Benjamin L Snavely Electroacoustic transducer
US3113288A (en) * 1960-10-21 1963-12-03 Benjamin L Snavely Supersensitive shielded crystal hydrophone
US3100291A (en) * 1960-10-25 1963-08-06 Frank R Abbott Underwater loudspeaker
US3266011A (en) * 1961-12-18 1966-08-09 Dynamics Corp America Hydrophone
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