US295858A - Machine for - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 1 2 sheetssheenjl.

v J.E. CRISP.

MACHINE `PQR :Mfr:ASURINGIINCOMPRBssIBLB PLUIDs.' Y No. 295,858. Patented Mar.- 25,1884.

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(No'M'odel.) A 2 sheets-sheet 2.

E. CRISP.

, l MACHINE PQR MEASURING INGOMPBESSIBLE 4PLUIIDS.

No. 295,858. A PatentedMar. 25, 1884.

UNTTEE STATES `PATENT 'EETCEO JOSEPH E. CRISP, OE soMERvILLE, AssIeNoE To JOHN sTETsoN, or NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

MACHINE FOR IVIEASURING INCOMPRESSIBL. FLUIDS.

SFECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 295,858, dated March 25, 1884.

Application tiled October 13, 1863. (No model.)

.To ail whom t may concern/ Be it known that I, JOSEPH E. CRIsP, of

Somerville, in the county of Middlesex and y y description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this speciiication in explaining its nature, in Which- Figure l is a vertical cross-section through one of the cylinders, showing the pistons connected to thecam, the cam, the inlet and the outlet casing, and the air-chamber. Fig. 2 is the base of the machine, partly in planand partly in section, showing the cylinders, settling-chambers, pistons and piston-valves, and the connections 'between the pistons and cam. Fig. 3 is a plan of the cam. Fig. 4 is one of the pistons and piston-valves in perspective. Fig. 5 is one of the piston-connections in perspective. The object of this invention is to produce a machine that can be manufactured at a minimum cost, of maximum durability, not affect ing materially the head or pressure of the liquid, measuring correctly when a small quantity of Vfluid is iiowing from the outlets, and not retarding the flow when a large supply is required. 1t relates to improvements upon the subject-matter of my Patent No. 142,559,

dated September 9, 1883; and these improvements consist, first, in formingthe inclines of the cam so as to fmake the-separate or combined movements of the pistons the same for each degree of revolution made bythe cam or cylinders to cause the stream of fluid iiowing from the machine to be Without pulsation in the pipes used for distribution 5` second, in

making the pistons single-acting, so that rolls connected With them' will at all times bear out t against the Working-face of the cam, prevent ing noise or click, and also keeping the stroke of the pistons or capacity of the machine unchanged if therolls should wear; third, in forming the inclines of the cam so that the valves have any required lap .inside o`r outside; fourth, irn using the cam to move the register; fifth, in chambers in connection with the measuringcylinders for preventing injury to Working parts of the machine; sixt-h, in pistons and piston-valves of the same diameter, combined with the parts to reduce retardation of the current; seventh, in an airchamf ber. to assist the movements of the machine when there is but little dow from the outlets, and to prevent the Huid covering the face of the register.

The following will explain the construction and operation of my improved machine to those skilled in the art. l

The cylinders, (Figs. l and 2.)-The base A is circular inform, and cast integral with it are the cylinders A at right angles to each other, with the settling or measuring chambers A3 inthe angles between the cylinders. The cylinders A are connected in the center to the inlet A2, and with the chambers Ai by the ports A4 and A, as shown. The ports A4 A6 A7 are cast square, and the port A'L leads chambers A3, A6 to the chambers A3 from near the center, and A7 up to thel outlet-casing. rlhe ends of the cylinders have the heads A. The chambers A3 receive and deliver the fluid to be measured. After these chambers and the cylinders are filled, but little, if any, change of fluid in the measuring-cylinders will take place, and injurious substances have small chance of contact with those cylinders and the pistons moving therein. Neither do the cylinders require vent to remove air upon starting the machine. The pipe leading from the main opens into the inlet A2. A5 is the spindle for the cam Cto revolve around.

The pistons and piston-calves, (Figs. 1, 2, and 4.)-The pistons are singleacting, pressure upon the valve end forcing them outward, the inclines'of the cam drawing them toward the center, and the measuring-pistons B move in the outer ends of the cylinders A', moving .from the outer end of the cylinders to the p fluid in the chambers A3 through ports A4.

Connected with the measuring-pistons B, by an intermediate ring, B2 of smaller diameter, are the piston-valves B', that movingv past the ports A at proper times, connect them with the inlet A for pressure, or A7 to exhaust.

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is one-.third or more of the stroke, the combined area of port-openings at all times is largely in excess of' the inlet and outlet, so there will be little or no retardation ofthe fluid passing through the machine by friction in the passages.

The pistons and valves are connected to the cam C in this manner: Loosely fitting between the piston B and thevalve B is a downward projection, D, of the swinging arm b, which moves over the exhaust-port A7, Fig. 1, this arm D being pivoted to the base A at A8; and is on top provided with a pin, D2, to carry the roll E, which in turn bears against the cam C, the whole connection being iirm, yet moving freely. The outlet-casing F, Fig. 2, is firmly bolted to the base A, inclosing the register, the camC, and the exhaust-ports A7, its top being asti-ong glass-plate, F, made tight bya lgasket above, and held up by the ring F2, the pressure inside assisting to form the joint. The outlet F3 being below the top of the casing, and the casing perfectly air-tight, sufiicient of the aiqr carried by the fluid passing through the holes in the web of the cam will be retained to prevent the fluid under pressure from ilowing over the top of the register. In fact, the registeris placed in an air-chamber with a glass top, through which its measurements can be observed, this air-chamber almost touching thc web of cam C. The use of this air-chamber assists materially the operation ofl the machine, as the air in the airchamber is compressed by the pressure of the iluid within the machine, and if' that pressure varies, as it does vary constantly, the expansion of air acting upon the iiuid in the machine when the pressure in the main is reduced throws or moves-the piston, and therefore the cam, in a reversed direction, the extent of which will vary according to the extent of the reduction of' the pressure; and upon the return of the pressure the cam is moved forward a somewhat greater distance on account of' the reduction of pressure upon the outlet side ofthe machinethan it would if the pressure or throw had remained constant. The cam C, Figs. 2 and 3, revolves around the bearing A5, and is driven by the outward motion of' the pistons pressing the rolls E at the proper times against its inclines, the reverse inclines d rawing the pistons back to the starting-point. The rolls E are always in contact with the outer side of the cam-path, the inner side of' the-cam-path keeping the pistons in their relative position when there is no pressure upon them. rlhe rotation of the cam also actuates the register, which is adapted to be placed; in the air-chamber above it. The cam can be so arranged that the pistons and valves make any desired number of' strokes to a revolution, and it is so designed that when" one pair of pistons and valves is at rest the other pair of pistons and valves is moving at such a speed as will cause the flow of fluid, and of course the power driving the cam around, to be constant; and it is accomplished, substantially, in this way: On the drawing, Fig. 3, it will be seen that the cam shown will, by one revolution, cause each piston to have live outward and five inward strokes, each end of the cylinders receiving and delivering fluid iive times. Thus a revolution of thirty-six degrees fills one end and empties the other of each cylinder. rIhis thirty-six degrees is divided into twelve equal-parts, and the motion forward of one piston and valve, and backward of the -other piston and valve, of

either cylinder is represented by thirty of these parts, and the period of rest by six of these parts, divided substantially as follows: 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1, two spaces allowing the pistons to rest,while the valves carried by the other pair of pistons are disclosing the ports fdr pressure and exhaust. The cylinders being at right angles to each other, the sum of their combined strokes for each space included within the thirty-six degrees, or one stroke, is for one cylinder O 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1; for the other cylinder,in the same times,5 54 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4; and for the cylinders combined, 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5. This is equally true for each of the strokes represented' by the cam. The cam C may have any other number of inclines than five-say one, three, seven, &c., as desiredand if laid out as described above the result will be the same. Ii'designed for a motor using elastic fluid acting expansively, it can be laid out so that the speed of pistons combined for each degree of revolution at any elected grade of' expansion shall give the same resultnamely, equal power to revolve .the cam at all points.

An inspection of the figures above show, v

.fluid could flow past both sides of the valves at the same time and balance the pistons. Using a cam prefectly blending the strokes of the pistons prevents undulations in the stream flowing from the machine, and jar or hammer in the pipes used for distribution will not occur, and since the rolls which control the motions of the pistons and valves at all times bear out against the cani, the valves can be so arranged that within certain limits the effect of' wear isv automatically provided for, and the measuring capacity will remain unchanged. Near the center ofthe cam are small holes through the web to allow air (that separates from the dense fluid passing through the machine) to reach that part of' the outside casing containing the register, the web of the cam preventing the current from disturbing the contents of' the air-chamber. If used as a motor, a wheel can be attached to the cam, or the cam held iirin and the base revolved.

Operation of the machina-If properly c011- IIO nected, with the outlets closed, admission of inelastic fluid under pressure will ill the inletchambers, cylinders, and outlet-casing, compressing the air in the air-chamber to a volume due to the pressure. On opening any of the outlets the movements of any one of the pistons and piston-valves can be described thus: When a valve moving outward discloses a port,

i A, to the inlet A2, the fluid is in communication with a chamber, A3, to its left, and balances the piston and valve in the end of the cylinderconnected to that chamber by the port A4, and an incline of cam C can draw that `piston and valve toward the center, the fluid following the measuring-piston will draw into the chamber A3 through A6 as the piston moves toward the center after the pistonand valve have reached 'their innermost point of. travel and had the proper time of rest. The same valve, now moving inward, discloses the port A4 to the exhaust-port Al, and allows pressure against the inner end `of the pistonvalve to force it outward, the piston moving the fluid before it, and a quantity equal to that displaced will pass up exhaust-port A7 into the outlet-casing F, and in due time from the machine. During the outward motion of the piston and valve, a roll, E, is forced out against an incline of cam C, causing it to re- "volve and making a reverse incline, acting against another roll, E, draw in the piston, and valve off', and till the other end of the cylinder. i

Reference to the description of the cam C will give the combined operation of all the pistons and Valves when the motion of the machine is constant.

It will be observed that the arm D' of the device connecting each set of pistons withl the cam is held between the shoulders d d of the said pistonsB B', and that as the said arm D is moved upon an arc of a circle by the cam, it follows that when the end bears against the shoulder d in moving the piston, moving' as it does upon the arc of a` circle, it partially revolves the piston on each of its inward strokes, so that the piston is entirely` revolved The arm D in this respect acts something like a pawl, and the shoulder d like a ratchet-that is, the end of the arm when the piston is way out takes hold of the flange or shoulder, and upon the inward movement of the piston, on account of the changed position consequent upon the movement given it, it throws the piston in the direction of its movement, and upon the outward movement, as the cam does not then move the piston, the arm does not contact with the shoulder d with suflicieht stress to move the piston. This revolution of the piston inthe cylinder is of very great advantage, because it makes the wear ofthe pistons uniform and to a very great extent prevents scoring, and the wear ofthe connection D on the shoulder d is distribpted throughout the entire extent of the shoulder. i

It will be noticed, therefore, that my machine consists, essentially, of a number of pistons, which are successively operated by the pressure of fluid to open certain valves upon their outward movements, and which are returned to their original position, or in a position `.to be again moved outward by cam-inclines upon a cam-disk, and that the'movement of a piston in an outward direction causesarevolution of the cam-disk and a camincline to move inward an oppositelyarranged piston; that there is arranged a system of ports and passages which permit the escape of fluid from the central chamber measuring-chambers, from which or from the settling-chambers the fluid passes into the chamber in the upper section ot' the meter, and thence through the outlet.

It will also be observed that the connections through intervening settling-chambers to the between the pistons and the revolving cam` disk are pivoted to the casing of the meter, so as to be swung or moved by the action oi' the pistons and bythe cam grooves or inclines. These swinging arms or connections have two projections, one of which fits the space in each piston, between the inner and outer portions lso doing the cam-disk is caused to move inwardly by means of the same connections, the pistons, which are balanced by the waterpressure, being uniform on each side, whichlis the case when the measuring and settling chambers are lling with water and ports are open to allow the entrance or passage of fluid from the inlet; and it will further be seen that the arrangement of pistons and ports andthe caminclines is such that when a piston is being forced outward by pressure to expel the fluid from the measuring-chamber its oppositelyarranged piston is being drawn inward by the revolution of the cam, and these movements `of pistons out and in are successive and con-` tinuous so long as the iiuid is allowed to escape from the meter.

I do not broadly claim the use of pistons for measuring liquid, arranged oppositely to l each other, and in which the movement of one piston causes the movement of another; but I am not aware that any device for measuring incompressible fluids has been invented which contains pistons connected with each other by a cam-disk, which they revolve, and. which contains the essential elements of my device, as herein described. l

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States--V y 1. In a machine for measuring inelastic iiuids under pressure, the combination of the pistons B B, the cam-disk C, the air-chamber F2, the inlet A2, and the outlet F3, all substantially as described.

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2. In a machine for measuring inelastic fluids under pressure, the combination of the inlet A2, the cylinders A', the chambers A3, connected with the outer ends of the cylinders by the ports A", the chambers A3, connected with the inlet A2 by means of the ports A, the ports A7, connecting with the chambers leading to the outlet-passage F3, the piston-valve B B, the cam-disk C, and the pivoted connections D D', connecting the pistons with the cam-disk, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. In a machine using elastic or inelastic fluid, the combination of a cam, laid out and operating substantially as described, with the pistons moving in two cylinders at right anrgles to each other.

4. In a machine using elastic or inelastic fluid, a cam, as described, which allows the pistons periods of rest and maximum motion, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In combination with the pistons B B', cam C, and the swinging arms D, each of which is pivoted to the casing of the meter, and has the cam-pin D2, which engages with the cam G, and an arm, D', which engages with the piston, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

6. In a machinel using elastic or inelastic liuid, the combination of a cam with singleacting pistons and piston-valves, whereby the pistons are caused to act in unison in opposite ends of the cylinders, and an automatic adjustment for wear thereof provided, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

7. The' combination, in a meter or motor, 3 5 of two or more cylinders, their ports A4l AAl, chambers A3, separate pistons B, piston-valve B', and the cam for returning the piston successively to a'position to be again operated upon by the'pressure, all substantially as and 4o for the purposes described.

8. The combination, in a meter or motor, of a central chamber or pressuresupplied passage, two or more cylinders radiating there-k from, their pistons adapted by the pressure 45 in the said central chamber or supply-passage to be moved successively outwardly in their respective cylinders, supply and exhaust ports and their valves, the outlet-passage F", and a cam for returning the pistons to a position to 5o again take the pressure, all substantially as described.

9. In a motor or meten'the piston B, operated by the pressure of the iiuid in one direction and by a cam in the reverse direction, and 55 the intermediate pivoted connections D D', connecting the piston with the cam, and shaped as described, whereby the pistou is partially revolved during each complete reciprocation, all substantially as and for the purposes set 6o forth.

JOS. E. CRISP.

Witnesses: I

F. F. RAYMOND, 2d,

FRED. HARRIS..

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