US294533A - Electric lamp - Google Patents

Description

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o.; J, .VAN DBP'OBLB.

(NO Model.)

BLBGTRIG LAMP.

Patented Mar. 4,1884.

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"0. J. VAN DEPOELB.

ELECTRIC LAMP. y A No. 294,533. patented Mar. 4,1884.

N. FETEREL Phowumngmplm. washington DJ;

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEicE.

CHARLES J. VAN DEPOELE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ELECTRIC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 294,533, dated March 4, 1884.

(No model.)

.To @ZZ whom t may oon/cern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES J. VAN DE- POELE, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electric Lamps for Continuous Currents; and I hereby declare that the followingis a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in electric-arc lamps, by means of which, when the arc of the lamp has once been adjusted so as to obtain a steady and unvarying light, it will be kept in the same condition, and thereby rendering it almost im'- possible to extinguish the light by the rupture of the circuit, the currentnecessary to operate said lamps and to reduce the light being compelled to operate the feeding mechanism with perfect regularity.

The invention consists in the new and peculiar construction of parts and their various combinations, as more fully hereinafter described. V

Figure l is a horizontal section olrthe line X X in Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a vertical elevation of one side of the top of the lamp, showing the armature, commutator, brush-holders, and pivoted balance. Fig. 8 is a full front view of the armature and some other parts of the lamp mechanism. Fig. 4L is a side elevation of the lamp mechanism. Fig. 5 is a rear elevation-of the lamp, the lower part being partially in section. Fig. G is a plan showing the electric connections. y

In the accompanying drawings, A represents au armature wound with separate coils, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and et, upon a ring, which is provided with iron projections extending between each two adjacent coils of wire, and form on the opposite sides of the ring the poles of the armature.

B is the core of the field-magnet M, provided with polar extensions N and S, designed to react upon the poles of the armature A.

C is a commutator, and each section thereof is connected, as shown, to the armature-coils. D is a pulley mounted on the shaft of the armature A, and has secured to it a copper strip or band, L, intended to feed the carbons.

One end of this copper strip is fastened to said pulley, as shown in Figs. 4i and 5.

E is an electro-magnet in the main circuit, and E is an electro-magnet in a derived circuit between the two poles of the lamp.

F is a brush-holder in metallic contact with the top part of the lamp, and F is a second brush-holder insulated from the rest of the lamp, as shown in Fig. 4. These brush-holders bear upon opposite sides of the commutator C, and thus allow the current to be sent through the coils of the armature.

F3 is a pivotedbalancc-arm carrying at cach G are the standards furnishing thebearings for the shaft of the armature A, pulley D, and com mutator C.

top plates of the lamp together.

N and S are two extensions of the poles of the field-magnet M, designed to act upon the armature A. Thebrush-holders and brushes are carried by the pivoted balance F, and partake of the oscillations produced by the electro-magnets E and E, and thus bring the brushes bearing upon C either below in line with or above the contracted fixed poles N and S, so as to produce, by the main current, either a motion to the right or to the left by displacing the poles of the armature with regard to the narrow iiXed poles N and S.

N and S are the poles of the circular armature A.

In Fig. 2 it will be seen that in place of the electro-magnet E a spring is employed.

In the drawings the parts in black in the armature indicate the iron projections of the core, between which is wound the copper conductor or wire intended to magnetize the same, and the electro-magnets are intended to work the pivoted balance F3, so as to adjust the brushes upon the commutator and compel the armature to move either backward or forward and produce the feed of the carbons in the lamp by the rotation of the shaft of the armature, winding up or unwinding the band L upon the pulley D. The shaft of the armature is marked V.

G is one of the standards carrying the shaft V, and I-I is a proj cction from said standard through which a spindle, Y, passes, which end a core, J, of the electro-magnets E and E.

I are two uprights holding the bottom and Ico carries the pulley K, which brings the copper ribbon L in line with the opening Z in the bottoni plate ol' the lamp, said opening being central therein. This copper ribbon L is carried and fastened -to one end ot' the pulley D, upon the saine shaft with the armature, so that when the latter changes its polarity a rotating movement is given io the pulley, which raises or lowers the carbons in the lamp, the free end ol" such ribbon being attached to the carbon-holder O. the field-magnet )l are rigidly secured to the parts I of the i'rame by suitable screws. T is a tube fastened to the top part of the lamp, and provided with a nipple, if, at its lower end, through which the positive carbon passes. said nipple being made ot' porcelain, or any other material which is a poor conductor ot' heat.

Q. is the negative carbon ot' the lamp. 1t is the lowercarbon holder, and R and llt/nre side rods supporting the lower-carbon holder and insulated Yfrom the top part ot' the lamp proper, as shown. The glass globe is held up against the top of a crown, \V, by a Allange and screw at the bottom of the lamp, as shown.

Fig. (i shows a diagram ol' connections. The main current enters at Il? and there divides it self into three diil'erent currents, each terniinating at the metallic lrame of' the lamp. The iirst circuit is from l to the lfield-magnet hl', entering at a and leaving the coils ot' this magnet by the brass end thereol', to which the i'ree end ol' the said helix is soldered,ainl which is in contact with all positive parts ot' the lamp. The second circuit is ll'rom l? to F and commutator C, through the armature A to said com` mutator and to positive parts ot' the lamp by means ot' the brush and holder F. The third circuit is il'roin l to the electromagnet l'l, through the coils ol the same, ihe vl'ree end being also soldered to the brass end ol' the core, and it is thus also in contact with the positive parts of the lamp. The negative part .ot' the lamp is in contact with the pole N by a suitable conductor, N. (Shown in Fig. +L.) ln Fig. 5 the negative conductor is shown as passing inside ot' the tube T and "d at n, as shown by the dotted lines. l The shinit-solenoid E is connected anywhere in the lamp between the earbons, or directly between the positive and negative poles o1 the lamp, as shown in Fig. (i. Thus the current entering at l? passes through all the positive parts ot' the lamp and through the carbons and back to N and N. The electro-magnet F can be replaced by a spring, as shown in Fig. 2, the spring answering all purposes of connteracting the movement et the electromagnet l, and so regulating'fthe' adjustment ol' the brushes around the eonnnutator C.

Having described the different parts of my invention, I will now proceed to explain the saine while in operation.

On establishing the current lfrom a proper source of electricity between the positive and The fixed poles N and S ol" negative poles of the lamp, the current divides itself', as above explained, through the different parts ot' the lamp, the electro-magnet M is cnergized thereby, and so is the armature A. On examining Fig. 3 it willbe seen that the brushes carried by the Oscillating beam F are in suoli place upon the comnuitator (l as to produce an attraction between S and N and N and S', thus making A revolve in the direction indi cated by the arrows. `As long as the cai-bons are meeting, no current passes in FJ, so l?) keeps the brushes in the same position, and A keeps on revolving in the same direction; but as soon as the cai-bons are separatet'ha derived current passing through l coiniteracts E with a power proportionate tothe distance between the carbons ol' the lamp. NVhen the vproper length of are is attained, the elcetro-magnet Ylfl has drawn in its core so as to place the brushes upon the commutator in line with N and S ol' the fixed magnet, and thc magnetism in A will now so oppose that in N and S that the arina- Ature A will be kept there as long as the brushes do not take another position upon (l, but soon the cai-bons burn away and the distance between the same gels gradually greater and more current is passing through liY, which will draw in its core deeper and deeper until the brushes on C have assuniedthe position shown in Fig. 2, when the armature A will be revolved in the direction indicated by the arrows, thus allowing the ribbon L and the carbon Q to move down. As soon7 however, as the carbons are at their normal distance l'rom one another, l' will grow weaker and l1] stronger, which latter magnet will place the brushes in line with N and S as long` as the are is normal. The action ot the lamp is such that when the `top carbon `is lifted up it will at once be sent, down by the action ot' E, displacing the brushes, and lin the saine way, it the carbons are brought in contact F/ is powerless, and lil brings the brushes so as to cause A to revolve in such direction as lo wind up the ribbon and separate the carbons. The electro-magnet M and armature A are not at all inlluenced by the weight ot' the cai-bons or the holders. The beam F being -pivoted upon a proper and light bearing, responds readily to the action ot' E and lt, so that as soon as the are is either too short or too long Fi and ll `will aetuate the beam F and place the brushes where they will cause the armature to move either to the right or to the left. As will be seen. in this lamp the feed is obtainedlroln the armature A and the electromagnet lit acting upon one another by the constant passage ot' the main current through the same. No use is made ot' a derived circuit to deniagnetize the main magnet or armature, but the desired result is produced by simply displacing the polarity in the armature upon its periphery with regard to the main electro-magnet M, and by displacing the polarity I ain enabled to obtain motion from right to left or from left to right. The displacement ot" polarity is aeeom] ilished,as above IOO IIO

explained, by a li ghtly-pivoted beam actuated l by a coil, E, ina derivation between the two poles of the lamp, so that the condition of the same time of the arcinfiuences the coil or solenoid E', causing the displacement of the brushes and at the polarity of the revolving armature A, which, reacting upon the stationary poles of the electro-magnet M, will either make the carbons approach or recede from one'another, or cause the same to remain stationary as long as their distance apart remains constant.

I do not limit myself to any special device driven by the above motor and feeding the carbons in an electric-arc lamp, since a variety of devices can be used to obtain the same result.

Having described my invention in its differcnt parts and operation, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an electric-arc lamp, a circular armature provided with iron extensions from its core, between which extensions the wire is wound and acted upon by a fixed field-magnet having` contracted poles, said armature and field-magnets being energized by the main current, the circuits in said armature and fieldmagnet to be a derivation one from the other, and their respective coils having an equal resistance, in combination with'suitable mechanism to produce the feed of the carbons in an electric-arc lamp, as described and set forth.

2. In an electric-arc lamp, and in combination with the carbons thereof, a field-magnet having contracted fixed poles acting upon a revolving circular armature provided with an iron core, and both provided with proper circuits, and means, substantially as described, for altering the point of entering and leaving of the current through the coils of the armature, so as to displace the polarity upon the circumference of the same with regard to the iixed poles of its field-magnet, and thus to produce the feed of the carbons bythe action of the revolving armature, substantially as described.

3. In 'an electric-arc lamp, a iixed fieldmagnet having contracted poles and a circular armature capable of oscillating or revolving between the same, the armature being provided with a commutator and properly-insulated contact-brushes, said field-magnet' and armature reacting upon one another at their polar extremities, in combination with means for automatically changing the position of the brushes upon the commutator above mentioned before the motion of the armature has occurred, in order to displace the polarity of the circular armature with regard to the xed poles of its field-magnet, and thus cause said armature to revolve or oscillate either to the right or left to produce the feed of the carbons, substantially as set forth.

4. The herein-described method of regulating the feed of carbon in an electric-arc lamp, which consists in raising or lowering the same by the rotation of an annular armaturein which the polarity is shifted automatically by reason of the varying resistance of the arc, the upper carbon being attached to a band wound upon the axis of said armature, as set forth.

5. In an electric-arc lamp, a fixed eldmagnet provided with fixed contracted poles between which is mounted a circular armature capable of an oscillating or rotary motion, in combination with an oscillating beam carrying properly-insulated brush-holdersl'and brushes bearing upon the commutator of said armature, said beam being connected to and operated by a solenoid located in a derivation between the poles of the lamp, so arranged that whenever the carbons are close together said beam shall first be drawn down toward the said solenoid, and thereby move the brushes to such points on the commutator as will cause the armature to revolve and separate the carbons; and, second, when the proper arc is obtained, the beam tol move the brushes to the median magnetic line, so that the armature will be prevented from revolving either way; and, third, on the arc growing longer by oscillating in the opposite direction, to place the brushes upon such points of the commutator that the armature shall be caused to revolve to feed the carbons and restore the normal arc, substantially as described.

6. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination, with a rotating armature and a pulley, D, attached to the axis thereof, of a copper ribbon, L, attached to said pulley and provided with a carbon-holder, O, from which the carbon hangs down above the lower carbon of said lamp, as described and set forth.

7. In an electric-arc lamp, thefeed mechanism of the same, consisting of a field-magnet, M, and circular' armature A and connections, substantially as described, wherebyproper currents circulate therethrough when the same are in operation, in combination with a pivoted balance or beam, F3, brushholders and brushes F and F, all operated by an electro-magnet, E, in a derivation between the poles ofthe lamp, and an electro-magnet, E, in the main circuit, or an equivalent therefor, counteracting E', substantially as described.

CHARLES J. VAN DEPOELE.

Witnesses:

THEO. P. BAILEY, N. T. Glissnrrn.

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