US2938504A - Rotary engines - Google Patents

Rotary engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US2938504A
US2938504A US806326A US80632659A US2938504A US 2938504 A US2938504 A US 2938504A US 806326 A US806326 A US 806326A US 80632659 A US80632659 A US 80632659A US 2938504 A US2938504 A US 2938504A
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Prior art keywords
piston
cylinders
rollers
cam
motor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US806326A
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Wadefelt Carl Ivar
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Priority to US806326A priority Critical patent/US2938504A/en
Priority to GB13522/59A priority patent/GB864767A/en
Priority to FR793310A priority patent/FR1222355A/en
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Publication of US2938504A publication Critical patent/US2938504A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
    • F01B1/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F01B1/0603—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement the connection of the pistons with an element being at the outer ends of the cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
    • F01B1/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F01B1/0641—Details, component parts specially adapted for such machines
    • F01B1/0644—Pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
    • F01B1/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F01B1/0641—Details, component parts specially adapted for such machines
    • F01B1/0668—Supporting and guiding means for the piston

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in rotary engines in the shape of hydraulic motors, combustion motors or the like of the radial piston type operating without crank shafts and with top end rollers in coaction with cam rings.
  • Rotary engines of this kind have the advantage of being able to produce great effects in spite of small dimensions, but have at the same time the drawbacks of comparably great friction losses, low efi'iciency as well as mechanical difliculties, the latter on account of strong lateral reaction pressures from the cam rings and obliquely directed actions on the pistons and cylinders. Knocking sounds and vibrations will often also arise at high speeds.
  • One object of the invention is to obtain a rotary engine of the said kind where all laterally directed pressures created between the engine pistons and the cam rings are unburdened from the engine cylinders.
  • Another object of the invention is to obtain a rotary engine of the said kind Where all laterally directed pressures created between the engine pistons and the cam rings are transmitted to and from the engine body with a minimum of friction losses.
  • a further object of the invention is to obtain a rotary engine of the said kind where knocking sounds and vibrations are totally eliminated.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to obtain a rotary engine of the said kind with an extremely advantageous efficiency.
  • the invention is essentially characterised in that guide rollers for the pistons in coaction With axial planes extending in parallelism with the piston path are positioned to take up and transmit the laterally and obliquely directed reaction and action pressures created between the engine pistons and the cam rings.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a portion of the engine motor
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatical view of the motor.
  • the rotary engine is in the embodiment shown on the drawing exemplified as a hydraulic motor, driven, for instance, by a pressure fluid such as oil or the like.
  • the motor consists of a stationary motor housing 2 carried by an upright standard 1 and provided with a number of radially directed cylinders 3 symmetrically placed in a circle around a centre shaft 16.
  • Each cylinder has a free-moving piston 4 in coaction with a rotatable cam ring body 6 surrounding the cylinders and placed on roller bearings 5, the cam ring body being rotated by the pistons in their moving to and fro driven by the pressure oil.
  • the cam ring body may be shaped as or combined with a belt pulley 7, rope drum or such like, or be coupled with other machines or shafts for the transmittance of the power.
  • Each piston 4 consists of a sleeve with closed top end, and within the sleeve there is an additional spring 8 stretched between the top end of the sleeve and an inner nited States Patent 2,938,504 Patented May 31, 1960 ice seat at the motor housing.
  • the additional spring is solely intended to secure an unbroken contact for the piston with the cam ring, and this is necessary to avoid knocking sounds and vibrations at high speed Where the piston has a tendency to bounce after passing the tops of the cam curves.
  • the piston carries at its top a crosshead 9 provided with opposite directed axle pins 9a, 9b in parallelism with the motor shaft "16, each of them carrying a pressure roller 10a, 10b in coaction with a corresponding cam ring 6a, 6b attached to the cam ring body 6. Outermost each axle pin also carries a guide roller 11a, 11b in coaction with axial guide planes 15'a, 15'b extending in parallelism with the piston path.
  • the cross-head rests on a curved bearing plate 12 preferably with a spherical bearing surface permitting a minor free tilting of the cross-head.
  • the cross-head is secured by a through-going bolt 13, and an outer spring 14 presses the cross-head against its bearing.
  • the pressure rollers as well as the guide rollers are constructed as roller bearings.
  • the two cam rings 6a, 6b are similar to each other, and each cam ring has a number of cam curves 6', 6" etc. constituting a row of waves.
  • the number of waves is preferably different from the number of the motor cylinders to permit the pressure rollers to attack simultaneously different points in reference to each other on the cam ring curves as indicated in Figure 3.
  • the closely to radial direction extending guide planes 15'a, 15'b for the guide rollers 11a, 11b constitute portions of bowshaped recesses in circular guide plates 15a, 15b which are stationarily attached to the motor housing. Said guide planes take up the reaction pressures from the cam rings during the rotation by means of the intermediate guide rollers and transmit these pressures to the stationary motor housing.
  • the shaft 16 of the stationary motor constitutes a governing rotatable valve which is rotated by an acting gear in connection with the cam ring body.
  • a shaft 18 belonging to the gear rotates the valve by means of a toothed coupling 17.
  • the rotatable valve is for the driving fluid provided with inlet channels 19 in alternating communication with inlets 19a to the cylinders, as well as with an outlet channel 20 in alternating communication with cylinder outlets 20a. All the inlet channels are arranged to feed the cylinders in due order with the fluid or other suitable driving media.
  • the rotary engine described above has the attributes of favorable balanced forces and reaction pressures with the latter taken up in such a way that the cylinders are completely unburdened of laterally directed pressures, and the friction losses are reduced to a minimum on account of the guiding rollers involving an extremely advantageous elficiency.
  • the cross-head bearing for the rollers ensures an automatic adjustment of them, and the additional springs prevent any arising of knocking sounds.
  • the whole arrangement results in a function totally free of vibrations.
  • a motor housing with a number of radial cylinders symmetrically positioned in a circle around a centre axis of the motor and provided with pistons operating without crank shafts and carrying top end press rollers on axially positioned axles in coaction with cam rings surrounding the circular row of the cylinders, the motor housing and the cam rings being arranged for relative rotation in reference to each.
  • valve means in valving cooperation with said cylinders, guide rollers for the pistons on axial axle pins extending from the press roller axles at the piston tops in coaction with axial planes of the motor housing extending in parallelism with the piston paths, the top end axles of each piston constituting opposite directed axle pins car rying each one a press roller as well as a guide roller at each sideof the piston, said axle pins extending, from a cross-head on a bearing. plate on the piston with a curved preferably spherical bearing surface, the cross-head being by means of a spring yieldingly pressed against the hearing plate. i .1
  • a stationary motor housing with a number of radial cylinders symmetrically positioned in a circle around a centre axis of the motor and provided with pistons operating Without crank shafts and carrying 1'.
  • top end pressv rollers on axially positioned axles the rollers in driving coaction with rotatablescam rings surrounding the circular row of the cylinders, the press roller axle of each piston constituting opposite directed axle pins extending from a cross-head at the top of the piston,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Description

May 31, 1960 c. 1. WADEFELT 2,938,504
ROTARY ENGINES Filed April 14, 1959 IN VEN TOR.
C. lg NfeLz- ROTARY ENGINES Carl Ivar Wadefelt, Liljeforsgatan 61, Goteberg,
Sweden Filed Apr. 14, 1959, Ser. No. 806,326
2 Claims. (Cl. 121-61) This invention relates to improvements in rotary engines in the shape of hydraulic motors, combustion motors or the like of the radial piston type operating without crank shafts and with top end rollers in coaction with cam rings.
Rotary engines of this kind have the advantage of being able to produce great effects in spite of small dimensions, but have at the same time the drawbacks of comparably great friction losses, low efi'iciency as well as mechanical difliculties, the latter on account of strong lateral reaction pressures from the cam rings and obliquely directed actions on the pistons and cylinders. Knocking sounds and vibrations will often also arise at high speeds.
One object of the invention is to obtain a rotary engine of the said kind where all laterally directed pressures created between the engine pistons and the cam rings are unburdened from the engine cylinders.
Another object of the invention is to obtain a rotary engine of the said kind Where all laterally directed pressures created between the engine pistons and the cam rings are transmitted to and from the engine body with a minimum of friction losses.
A further object of the invention is to obtain a rotary engine of the said kind where knocking sounds and vibrations are totally eliminated.
Still a further object of the invention is to obtain a rotary engine of the said kind with an extremely advantageous efficiency.
With these and other objects in view the invention is essentially characterised in that guide rollers for the pistons in coaction With axial planes extending in parallelism with the piston path are positioned to take up and transmit the laterally and obliquely directed reaction and action pressures created between the engine pistons and the cam rings.
In the accompanying drawing:
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a portion of the engine motor, and
Figure 2 a corresponding cross section thereof;
Figure 3 is a diagrammatical view of the motor.
The rotary engine is in the embodiment shown on the drawing exemplified as a hydraulic motor, driven, for instance, by a pressure fluid such as oil or the like. The motor consists of a stationary motor housing 2 carried by an upright standard 1 and provided with a number of radially directed cylinders 3 symmetrically placed in a circle around a centre shaft 16. Each cylinder has a free-moving piston 4 in coaction with a rotatable cam ring body 6 surrounding the cylinders and placed on roller bearings 5, the cam ring body being rotated by the pistons in their moving to and fro driven by the pressure oil. The cam ring body may be shaped as or combined with a belt pulley 7, rope drum or such like, or be coupled with other machines or shafts for the transmittance of the power.
Each piston 4 consists of a sleeve with closed top end, and within the sleeve there is an additional spring 8 stretched between the top end of the sleeve and an inner nited States Patent 2,938,504 Patented May 31, 1960 ice seat at the motor housing. As the pressure oil will in action move the piston outwards, the additional spring is solely intended to secure an unbroken contact for the piston with the cam ring, and this is necessary to avoid knocking sounds and vibrations at high speed Where the piston has a tendency to bounce after passing the tops of the cam curves. The piston carries at its top a crosshead 9 provided with opposite directed axle pins 9a, 9b in parallelism with the motor shaft "16, each of them carrying a pressure roller 10a, 10b in coaction with a corresponding cam ring 6a, 6b attached to the cam ring body 6. Outermost each axle pin also carries a guide roller 11a, 11b in coaction with axial guide planes 15'a, 15'b extending in parallelism with the piston path. The cross-head rests on a curved bearing plate 12 preferably with a spherical bearing surface permitting a minor free tilting of the cross-head. The cross-head is secured by a through-going bolt 13, and an outer spring 14 presses the cross-head against its bearing. The pressure rollers as well as the guide rollers are constructed as roller bearings.
The two cam rings 6a, 6b are similar to each other, and each cam ring has a number of cam curves 6', 6" etc. constituting a row of waves. The number of waves is preferably different from the number of the motor cylinders to permit the pressure rollers to attack simultaneously different points in reference to each other on the cam ring curves as indicated in Figure 3. The closely to radial direction extending guide planes 15'a, 15'b for the guide rollers 11a, 11b constitute portions of bowshaped recesses in circular guide plates 15a, 15b which are stationarily attached to the motor housing. Said guide planes take up the reaction pressures from the cam rings during the rotation by means of the intermediate guide rollers and transmit these pressures to the stationary motor housing. In this way all the pistons and cylinders are freed from laterally and obliquely directed pressure forces, and friction losses are reduced to a The shaft 16 of the stationary motor constitutes a governing rotatable valve which is rotated by an acting gear in connection with the cam ring body. A shaft 18 belonging to the gear rotates the valve by means of a toothed coupling 17. The rotatable valve is for the driving fluid provided with inlet channels 19 in alternating communication with inlets 19a to the cylinders, as well as with an outlet channel 20 in alternating communication with cylinder outlets 20a. All the inlet channels are arranged to feed the cylinders in due order with the fluid or other suitable driving media.
The rotary engine described above has the attributes of favorable balanced forces and reaction pressures with the latter taken up in such a way that the cylinders are completely unburdened of laterally directed pressures, and the friction losses are reduced to a minimum on account of the guiding rollers involving an extremely advantageous elficiency. The cross-head bearing for the rollers ensures an automatic adjustment of them, and the additional springs prevent any arising of knocking sounds. The whole arrangement results in a function totally free of vibrations.
In the drawing and specification, there has been set forth a preferred embodiment of the invention but as the execution is capable of variation and modification within the spirit of the invention I do not wish to be limited to the embodiment shown.
I claim:
1. In a rotary engine, a motor housing with a number of radial cylinders symmetrically positioned in a circle around a centre axis of the motor and provided with pistons operating without crank shafts and carrying top end press rollers on axially positioned axles in coaction with cam rings surrounding the circular row of the cylinders, the motor housing and the cam rings being arranged for relative rotation in reference to each. other,
valve means in valving cooperation with said cylinders, guide rollers for the pistons on axial axle pins extending from the press roller axles at the piston tops in coaction with axial planes of the motor housing extending in parallelism with the piston paths, the top end axles of each piston constituting opposite directed axle pins car rying each one a press roller as well as a guide roller at each sideof the piston, said axle pins extending, from a cross-head on a bearing. plate on the piston with a curved preferably spherical bearing surface, the cross-head being by means of a spring yieldingly pressed against the hearing plate. i .1
2. In a rotary engine in the shape of a hydraulic mo: tor fed by pressure fluid, a stationary motor housing with a number of radial cylinders symmetrically positioned in a circle around a centre axis of the motor and provided with pistons operating Without crank shafts and carrying 1'.
top end pressv rollers on axially positioned axles, the rollers in driving coaction with rotatablescam rings surrounding the circular row of the cylinders, the press roller axle of each piston constituting opposite directed axle pins extending from a cross-head at the top of the piston,
said-cross-head resting on a bearing plate with a spherical bearing surface and. being by means of. a. spring yieldingly pressed against the bearing plate, each axle pin carrying at the side of the piston a press roller as erning valve along the centre axis of the motor provided' with inlets and outlets for the cylinders, the cam rings arranged and executed as driving element for other machineries. 1 a 7 References Cited in the file of this patent :UNITED STATES PATENTS Taylor Mar. 25, 1873 Ragot et a1 Nov; 11, 1919 Jouanneaux Feb. 17, 1925 Ernst July 25, 1933 Mercier Nov. 23, 1948
US806326A 1959-04-14 1959-04-14 Rotary engines Expired - Lifetime US2938504A (en)

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US806326A US2938504A (en) 1959-04-14 1959-04-14 Rotary engines
GB13522/59A GB864767A (en) 1959-04-14 1959-04-21 Improvements in rotary engines
FR793310A FR1222355A (en) 1959-04-14 1959-04-27 Rotary motor

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3165069A (en) * 1961-07-27 1965-01-12 Jaromir Tobias Hydraulic pressure automatic propulsion system
US3369457A (en) * 1964-06-03 1968-02-20 Poclain Sa Hydraulic motor with speed change device
US4318336A (en) * 1980-04-24 1982-03-09 Rudolf Bock Hydraulic motor
US4508010A (en) * 1982-05-29 1985-04-02 Rudolf Bock Hydraulic motor
US4685380A (en) * 1982-01-29 1987-08-11 Karl Eickmann Multiple stroke radial piston machine

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3151529A (en) * 1962-05-22 1964-10-06 Harry A Leath Motor
US3161183A (en) * 1962-07-17 1964-12-15 Harry A Leath Rotary internal combustion engine
SE456517B (en) * 1982-09-08 1988-10-10 Hegglund & Soner Ab HYDRAULIC RADIAL PISTON ENGINE
EP0325584B1 (en) * 1986-07-23 1991-07-10 Sea Shelf Engineering Pty Ltd. A fluid motor

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US137261A (en) * 1873-03-25 Improvement in rotary steam-engines
US1321146A (en) * 1919-11-11 Sotary
US1526343A (en) * 1924-02-25 1925-02-17 Jouanneaux Pierre Rotary pump
US1920123A (en) * 1929-06-27 1933-07-25 Hydraulic Press Mfg Co Radial pump
US2454563A (en) * 1943-06-18 1948-11-23 Mereier Jean Pump output regulator

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US137261A (en) * 1873-03-25 Improvement in rotary steam-engines
US1321146A (en) * 1919-11-11 Sotary
US1526343A (en) * 1924-02-25 1925-02-17 Jouanneaux Pierre Rotary pump
US1920123A (en) * 1929-06-27 1933-07-25 Hydraulic Press Mfg Co Radial pump
US2454563A (en) * 1943-06-18 1948-11-23 Mereier Jean Pump output regulator

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3165069A (en) * 1961-07-27 1965-01-12 Jaromir Tobias Hydraulic pressure automatic propulsion system
US3369457A (en) * 1964-06-03 1968-02-20 Poclain Sa Hydraulic motor with speed change device
US4318336A (en) * 1980-04-24 1982-03-09 Rudolf Bock Hydraulic motor
US4685380A (en) * 1982-01-29 1987-08-11 Karl Eickmann Multiple stroke radial piston machine
US4508010A (en) * 1982-05-29 1985-04-02 Rudolf Bock Hydraulic motor

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GB864767A (en) 1961-04-06
FR1222355A (en) 1960-06-09

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