US2936241A - Non-printing indicia ink - Google Patents
Non-printing indicia ink Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2936241A US2936241A US659484A US65948457A US2936241A US 2936241 A US2936241 A US 2936241A US 659484 A US659484 A US 659484A US 65948457 A US65948457 A US 65948457A US 2936241 A US2936241 A US 2936241A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ink
- printing
- weight
- parts
- indicia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title description 42
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 32
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 229960003563 Calcium Carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 74
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 22
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002209 hydrophobic Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N Mesotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N (E)-but-2-enedioate;hydron Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001451 Polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000002087 whitening Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000286 fullers earth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/14—Printing inks based on carbohydrates
Description
United States Patent NON-PRINTING INDICIA INK Thomas A. Sharp, Rowayton, and Frederick L. Jones, Noroton Heights, Conn., assignors to Sperry Rand Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Betaware No Drawing. Application May 16, 1957 Serial No. 659,484
3 Claims. (Cl. 106-25) The invention relates to inks. More particularly, it relates to an ink which is suitable for use as a nonprinting indicia medium on offset printing plates of the colloid type. i
On such type printing plates, there is usually present a coating characterized by an inherently water-swellable nature, this characteristic being employed to repel greasy lithographic printing ink, thusenabling the coatings to constitute the non-printing portions of lithographic oilset printing plates. Upon these coatings, it is customary .to apply relatively hard grease receptive images which are inked to form printing portionsof the plates. L
In lithographic printing, two immiscible substances are constantly being brought together at the surface of the lithographic plate. Since it is necessary on the one hand 'to maintain, at the image portions, a relatively heavy unemulsified ink body, and on the other hand, to re" plenish continually the water in the non-printing portions of the plate to replace that carried away as the 'plate makes an impression, the operating range is relaof acidity supplement one another to control theink handling function.
In US. Patent 2,532,866 to Toland et al., issued December 5, 1950, there are disclosed examples of colloid coatings for offset printing wherein there. are included polyvinyl alcohol or gelatin as the colloid material and a water soluble dibasic acid such as oxalic, tartaric, succinic, or fumaric acid. In U.S. Patent 2,532,865 ,to Toland etal., issued December 5, 1950, there is disclosed a colloid coating includingpolyvinyl alcohol, oxalic acid and a melamine-formaldehyde resin. The resin, in the presence of the oxalic acid, is cured to form hard waterirnpervious masses distributed throughout the coating and especiallyatits surface. The coating thus presents, on the one hand, a-multiplicity of highly grease-retentive anchor points to which a greasy typewritten image or character may be very firmly attached; and on the other hand, tiny intermediate areas of water swollen colloid, which if first moistened, will hold Water and repel greasy ink subsequently applied against the surface of the plate.
In utilizing an ofiset printing plate having a coating such as disclosed in the Toland et a1. patents referred to above, it has been found that known nonprinting indicia inks cause the plate in the area of the indicia markings to become sensitive to'the hydrophobic press ink resulting in the reproduction of theindicia markings on the print. It is believed that such sensitivity may be due to-two factors. One factor is theexcess curing or cross-linking of the polyvinyl alcohol due to the residual acid in the v .roller or both. In the latter situation, the two sources 5 for .the curing to reacha plate whereby its swellable property is appreciably re-' duced with a consequent loss of ink rejecting power. The second factor is the interaction between. the residual acid in the plate and the components of the indicia ink.
Accordingly, it is the primary object of the present invention to provide an improved non-printing ink for use as an indicia medium on offset printing plates of the colloid type.
It is further intended to provide a non-printing ink for use as an indicia medium on offset printing plates of the colloid type which preserves the hydrophilic nature of the plate in the area of indicia printing thereby eliminating the tendency of the plate to become sensitive to hydrophobic press ink in such area.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a non-printing ink for use with an offset printing plate of the colloid type comprising a hydrophilic plasticizer, a relatively cohesive film former, a coloring agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic pigments and water soluble organic dyes and a relatively mild base which is substantially insoluble in neutral and alkaline medium.
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects thereof, reference is had to the following description and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.
In utilizing colloid type offset plates, as explained hereinabove, the polyvinyl alcohol water swellable colloid may be modified by adding melamine formaldehyde resin and a dibasic acid thereto, both of these materials being dispersedthroughout the coating. T he resin, in the presence of this acidic material; is cured to form hard waterimpervious masses distributed throughout the coating and especiaily at its surface. The coating thus presents both a multiplicity of highly grease-retentive anchor points to which a greasy typewritten image or character may surface of the plate.
In such coating, it is believed that the polyvinyl alcohol is probably undergoing continuous curing due to the presence of unreacted melamine-formaldehyde resin andfree .dibasic acid in the plate. However, there is a tendency stable point and the balance of the distribution of grease repellent and grease receptive areas in the plate is advantageously maintained. Actually, the acid may even in time tend to disappear. How ever, when indicia ink is added, this balance is upset in the plate and the curing of the polyvinyl alcohol tends to proceed further, i.e., further cross-linking of the polyvinyl alcohol occurs with the result that some of the grease repellent areas become sensitive to hydrophobic press ink. In addition, another undesired phenomenon is the interaction of the residual free acid in the plate and the components of the ink (particularly in the case in which the color is a spirit-soluble dye, which has an inherently greasy nature.)
Accordingly, the salient point of the invention is the incorporation into the non-printing ink of an alkaline component, which is normally substantially insoluble in neutral and alkaline medium. This alkaline component, which may suitably be a salt consisting ofa relatively electropositive metal radical such as the alkaline earth metals and a weak acid radical such as the carbonate, phosphate, oxalate, tartrate, etc. ions,reverses the curing action, i.e., the hardening cross-linking action when the by causing some hydrolysis of the polyvinyl alcohol. In this manner, the tendency of the polyvinyl alcohol colloid to become sensitive to hydrophobic press ink in invention may be performed at room temperatures.
is relatively non-volatile and whichmaintains a good water ,1,
balance between the atmosphere and the plate. Suitable materials for use as the plasticizer are polyhydric alcohols such as glycerine, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols 200 through 600 and polypropylene glycol 400.
The binder should be a cohesive film former that keeps the ink in place thereby preventing smudging, and a material that wets readily. Examples of suitable film formers are dextrin, gum arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol.
The coloring agent may be an inorganic pigment or a, water soluble dye. Although some spirit soluble dyes may be used, they present the disadvantage of being grease receptive. An example'of a suitable inorganic material is Ultramarine Blue which has an attractive blue color,
is nonreactive, and is hydrophilic. Suitable organic dyes,
of course, are' sulfonated dyes which are water but not, spirit soluble.
The filler should be a powdery insoluble material which lends consistency, texture and workability to the ink.
It is not necessary that the filler have hiding power,
that is, ability to diminish the intensity of color of the ink, but it is preferred that it be white or of light color.
Examples of suitable fillers are kaolins such as china clay,
attapulgite, fullers earth, and barium sulfate.
The whitening agent is primarily a material which does have good hiding power. In addition, it should have good flow properties and impart a uniform viscosity and an even spreadability to the ink. Suitable examples of whitening agents are titanium'dioxide and zinc oxide.
The base, which is insoluble in alkaline medium, should be a relatively mild one, i.e., one which will provide a pH of from 8 to 9 in the final composition. Suitable examples of such bases are carbonates, phosphates, oxalates, tartrates, etc.. of the alkaline earth metals and some magnesium salts of these acids.
V '4 indicia medium on colloid-type offset printing plates did not print out at all in a run of 1,000 copies. 1
Example II The same mixture as that in Example I was made except that there was further added thereto parts by weight of titanium dioxide. The samebeneficial results were obtained except that the indicia markings were of a much ligher blue color.
Example Ill An ink was made, as in the preceding examples, comprising 40 parts by weight of glycerine, parts by weight of dextrin, 5 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, 20 parts by weight of Ultramarine Blue, 10 parts by weight of calcium carbonate and 20 parts by weight of china clay. This ink was a little thicker than those of Examples I and II, but otherwise displayed the same advantageous properties.
. Example IV An ink was made as described comprising -40 parts by weight of glycerine, 5 parts by weight of Ultramarine Blue, 10 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, and parts by weight of china clay. This was an efiective nonprinting indicia ink with a relatively strong blue color.
Example V A non-printing indicia ink was made which comprised 40 parts by weight of glycerine, Sparts by weight of dextrin, 5 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, parts by weight of Ultramarine Blue, 5 parts by weight of 'calcium carbonate, and -parts by weight of china clay. This was the most viscous ink of all the examples shown, V 1
but was workable and had the required properties.
While there have been described what are at present:
considered to be the preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made thereinwithout departing from the invention, and it is, therefore, aimed to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. For use with an offset printing plate, an anhydrous nonprinting indicia ink consisting essentially of the fol Theranges of concentrations of the different constituents in the ink composition, while not critical, should be chosen to provide an advantageous ink. The following ranges have been found to be suitable for a particular embodiment in accordance with the invention.
. Percent Glycerine 25-55 pextrin 10-20 Titanium dioxide 0-15 Ultramarine Blue 10-30 Calcium carbonate 5-25 China clay 0-20 The preparation of the ink compositions of the present A preferable method of preparation is to add the ingredients to the glycerine, stir the resulting slurry vigorously or with a mechanical stirrer and then run the stirred mixture through a colloid dispersion mill until the desired consistency is attained.
, The following examples illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention.
Example I I An ink was prepared in accordance with the above method containing 29 parts by weight of glycerine, '5 parts by weight of dextrin, 5 parts by Weight of Ultramarine Blue and 11 parts by weight of calcium carbonate. This ink had a pH of between 8 and9 and when used as an 2. For use with an ofiset printing plate of the colloid 7 type, an anhydrous non-printing indicia ink consisting essentially of a hydrophilic plasticizer selected from the group consisting of glycerine, diethylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, and a polypropylene glycol, a film former selected from the group consisting of dextrin, gum arabic, caboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, a coloring agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic pigments andwater-soluble organic dyes, a weak acid salt having an alkaline component which is normally substantially insoluble in neutral and alkaline media having anions selected from the group consisting of carbonate,
lowing proportions of ingredients by weights:
Percent.
Glycerine 25-35 Dextrin -10-.-20 Titanium dioxide 0-15 Ultramarine. Blue 10-30 Calcium carbonate 5-25 China clay l 0-20 phosphate, oxalate and tartrate, a filler, and a whitening agent selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, having the followingproportions by weight:
Percent Plasticizer 25-55 Film former 10-20 Filler 0-15 Coloring agent 10-30 ggiAcid salt 3. In combination an ofiset printing plate of the colloid type having a polyvinyl alcohol Water-soluble colloid with a resin and a dibasic acid dispersed therethrough, nonprinting indicia former on said plate, said non-printing indicia being formed of an anhydrous hydrophilic ink consisting essentially of the following proportions of ingredients by weights:
Percent Glycerine 25-55 Dextrin 10-20 Titanium dioxide -15 Ultramarine Blue 10-30 Calcium carbonate -25 China clay 0-20 References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,055,720 Deuvel Mar. 11, 1913 1,364,542 Browne Jan. 4, 1921 6 Fitzgerald Feb. 14, 1922 Serchi June 21, 1927 Bruce May 5, 1931 Goedike Nov. 21, 1933 Rowell .Aug. 24, 1937 Wood Jan. 16, 1940 Davis Sept. 25, 1945 Toland et a1. Dec. 5, 1950 Worthen Dec. 19, 1950 Kramsky et al. Nov. 4, 1952 Yunker et al Oct. 23, 1956 Chambers at al. Nov. 20, 1956 Chambers et al Ian. 13, 1959 FOREIGN PATENTS Italy 1929 OTHER REFERENCES Wolfe: Printing and Litho Inks (pub. 1949, MacNair- Dorland, page 271).
Claims (1)
1. FOR USE WITH AN OFFSET PRINTING PLATE, AN ANHYDROUS NONPRINTING INDICIA INK CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF THE FOLLOWING PROPORTIONS OF INGREDIENTS BY WEIGHTS: PERCENT GLYCERINE ------------------ 25-35 DEXTRIN -------------------- 10-20 TITANIUM DIOXIDE ----------- 0-15 ULTRAMARINE BLUE ----------- 10-30 CALCIUM CARBONATE ---------- 5-25 CHINA CLAY ----------------- 0-20
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US659484A US2936241A (en) | 1957-05-16 | 1957-05-16 | Non-printing indicia ink |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US659484A US2936241A (en) | 1957-05-16 | 1957-05-16 | Non-printing indicia ink |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2936241A true US2936241A (en) | 1960-05-10 |
Family
ID=24645594
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US659484A Expired - Lifetime US2936241A (en) | 1957-05-16 | 1957-05-16 | Non-printing indicia ink |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2936241A (en) |
Cited By (41)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3073707A (en) * | 1961-10-18 | 1963-01-15 | George F Clark | Ink composition |
| US5616443A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1997-04-01 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Substrate having a mutable colored composition thereon |
| US5643356A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1997-07-01 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Ink for ink jet printers |
| US5645964A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1997-07-08 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Digital information recording media and method of using same |
| US5681380A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1997-10-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ink for ink jet printers |
| US5686503A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1997-11-11 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method of generating a reactive species and applications therefor |
| US5700850A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1997-12-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide | Colorant compositions and colorant stabilizers |
| US5721287A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1998-02-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of mutating a colorant by irradiation |
| US5733693A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1998-03-31 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method for improving the readability of data processing forms |
| US5739175A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-04-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Photoreactor composition containing an arylketoalkene wavelength-specific sensitizer |
| US5747550A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-05-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of generating a reactive species and polymerizing an unsaturated polymerizable material |
| US5773182A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1998-06-30 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of light stabilizing a colorant |
| US5782963A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1998-07-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Colorant stabilizers |
| US5786132A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-07-28 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Pre-dyes, mutable dye compositions, and methods of developing a color |
| US5798015A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-08-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of laminating a structure with adhesive containing a photoreactor composition |
| US5811199A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-09-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Adhesive compositions containing a photoreactor composition |
| US5837429A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-11-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide | Pre-dyes, pre-dye compositions, and methods of developing a color |
| US5849411A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-12-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polymer film, nonwoven web and fibers containing a photoreactor composition |
| US5855655A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1999-01-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Colorant stabilizers |
| US5865471A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1999-02-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Photo-erasable data processing forms |
| US5885337A (en) * | 1995-11-28 | 1999-03-23 | Nohr; Ronald Sinclair | Colorant stabilizers |
| US5891229A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1999-04-06 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Colorant stabilizers |
| US6008268A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1999-12-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Photoreactor composition, method of generating a reactive species, and applications therefor |
| US6017661A (en) * | 1994-11-09 | 2000-01-25 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Temporary marking using photoerasable colorants |
| US6017471A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 2000-01-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Colorants and colorant modifiers |
| US6033465A (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 2000-03-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Colorants and colorant modifiers |
| US6071979A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 2000-06-06 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Photoreactor composition method of generating a reactive species and applications therefor |
| US6099628A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 2000-08-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Colorant stabilizers |
| US6211383B1 (en) | 1993-08-05 | 2001-04-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Nohr-McDonald elimination reaction |
| US6228157B1 (en) | 1998-07-20 | 2001-05-08 | Ronald S. Nohr | Ink jet ink compositions |
| US6242057B1 (en) | 1994-06-30 | 2001-06-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Photoreactor composition and applications therefor |
| US6265458B1 (en) | 1998-09-28 | 2001-07-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Photoinitiators and applications therefor |
| US6277897B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2001-08-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Photoinitiators and applications therefor |
| US6294698B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2001-09-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Photoinitiators and applications therefor |
| US6331056B1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2001-12-18 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Printing apparatus and applications therefor |
| US6368396B1 (en) | 1999-01-19 | 2002-04-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Colorants, colorant stabilizers, ink compositions, and improved methods of making the same |
| US6368395B1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2002-04-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Subphthalocyanine colorants, ink compositions, and method of making the same |
| US6486227B2 (en) | 2000-06-19 | 2002-11-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Zinc-complex photoinitiators and applications therefor |
| US6503559B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2003-01-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Neonanoplasts and microemulsion technology for inks and ink jet printing |
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| US5645964A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1997-07-08 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Digital information recording media and method of using same |
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| US6008268A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1999-12-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Photoreactor composition, method of generating a reactive species, and applications therefor |
| US6017661A (en) * | 1994-11-09 | 2000-01-25 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Temporary marking using photoerasable colorants |
| US6235095B1 (en) | 1994-12-20 | 2001-05-22 | Ronald Sinclair Nohr | Ink for inkjet printers |
| US5747550A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-05-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of generating a reactive species and polymerizing an unsaturated polymerizable material |
| US5786132A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-07-28 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Pre-dyes, mutable dye compositions, and methods of developing a color |
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