US293496A

US293496A - Peters

Info

Publication number: US293496A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1884-02-12
Anticipated expiration: 1901-02-12

Description

` (No Model.) M 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. w` Y AfCfNAGEL, R. H. KAEMP &"A. LINNENBRGG-E..

MACHINE POR BREAKING 0R RBDUGING GRAIN.

No. 293,496. Patented Feb. 12, 18184.

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Linnen/rjje @7a/ga V(No Model.) 2 sheets-sheet 2. A. C. NAGEL, R4H. KAEMP & A. LINNENBRGGE.

MACHINE POR BREAKING` OR REDUGING GRAIN. No. 293,496. Patented Feb..l2,1884.

#fijas trienio Armar AAUGUST CHRISTIAN NAGEL, VREINHOLD HERMANN .KAEMR AND ADOLPH LiNNnNBReeE, or l HAMBURG, KAEMP, orV SAME PLAGE.

GERMANY, `ASSIGNORS TO NAGEL `St MAcHmE FoR BREAKING oR Reuucme eRAlN.

SPECIFICATION forming part `of Letters Patent `No. 293,496, dated February 12, 1884.

\ Application filed April 28,1883. (No model.)

To avE/Z whom t may] 00u-cern.-

Be it known that we, AUcUsr CHRISTIAN NAGEL, REINHoLD HERMANNV KAEMP, and ADQLPH LINNENBRGGE, all of Hamburg,

German Empire,` have invented new and us'eful Improvements in Machines for Breaking` or Reducing Grain, of which the following is a specication. y

This invention relates to machinesin which 1o gra'in is broken or reducedbetween disks having annular reducing-surfaces, and the `improvements involve constructions of the operating-surfaces and certain `other parts of the machine, so that the grain in its iirst passage i 5 through the machine, to release and remove impurities, will be split lengthwise while producin g a minimum quantity of middlings and iiour, and that in the subsequent passages of the split grain through the machine the grinding will produce middlings of high grade with but little flour.

The invention consists in disks each provided with a reducing-surface composed of inclined projections that form a diverging or A V funnel-like space, so-that the grains shall receive but a single blow in Vpassing between them; and in the combination therewith of throwing-ledges secured to the rotating disk; `in the combination, witha stationary and arotating disk each-provided with co-operating reducing-surfaces, of throwing-ledges attach ed to the rotating disk but terminating a considerable distance from the said reducing-surfaces to provide a space forthe free movement 3 5 of the grains'in'their flight tothe reducing-surfaces, and, inthe combination with said throw- 'ng-ledges, of an auxiliary ledge for preventing the grains from falling below the path of -travel thereof; inthe combination,with a sta- 4o `tionary and a moving disk each provided with reducing-surfaces and with a continuous delivery-channel receiving the reduced material fromthe periphery of the disks, oi'fans attached to the rotating disk, and running inthe inner I part of said channel, and operating to induce a current of air from a central feeding-channel throughthe said reducing-surfaces and into:

the delivery-channel, whereby the `material is carried and said disk is cooled; iu the combination, with said disks, feeding and delivery 5o g channels, and openings communicating with the atmosphere, of fans attached to the rotating disk and running in the inner part of the delivery-channel,4 whereby the induced aircurrents ,act not only to carry but to cool the `5`5 material; in the combination of said disks, feeding and delivery channels, openings, and two sets of fans; and in the combination of peculiar means for regulating the distance of the reducing-surfaces from each other and the 6o degree of pressure with which their surfaces act upon the grain. l

A machine constructed according to'this invention is represented on the annexed sheets of drawings7 all the before-named improve- 65 ments being shown combined in one machine, although it will be readily understood that certainof them may be used independently of the others, if desired. y

Figure l ofthe saiddrawings is a longitudi- 7o nalsectional elevation; Fig. 2, an end elevation, partly in section; Fig. 3, a section ot' a part of the machine `drawn upon an enlarged scale;l and Fig. 4, a section of one portion of the machine, also drawn upon an enlarged- 75 scale.

The machine constructed according to this invention is especially intended to be-used in the first stage of the high-grinding or gradualreduction process, in which itis the object, 8o through repeated breaks or 4passages of the material through themachine, to produce middlings with as little flour as possible. In all the milling-machines which act` with their faces against each other hitherto employed for 8 5 this purpose, the co-operating. faces have been made very long or arranged to be nearly par-` allel. Such constructions present the disadvantageof exposing the material to loe reduced for too long a time tothe action of the said 9o surfaces, andconsequently there is produced, together'` with the middlings, a considerable quantity of flour of veryinferior quality. In order to reduce as much as possible this premature productionof iiour, we employ reduc- 915 ing-surfaces which are so constructed that the surfaces are constructed in a peculiar form and the appliances for projecting the grains outward have a special construction and arrangement in their relation to the'reducing-surfaces. The said surfaces are beveled or curved in such a manner that their faces shall diverge consid- -erably in the direction toward the center of the disks, and thus to present in transverse section not only diverging breaking-surfaces, but a funnel-shaped space or passage between them, as is best seen in Fig. 4. The rotating disk b is provided near its center with short throwing-ledges h, between which and the reducing-surfaces there is a comparatively large space. These ledges in themselves are not new, and they serve in the first place, as in other milling-machines, to distribute the grain over the periphery of the disks. In addition thereto, however, they are constructed and arranged in this machine so that their outer ends terminate a considerable distance from the reducingsurfaces, and thus provide a large space for the free movement of the grains', and hence co-operate in attaining a new result, which is based on the property possessed' by grains of wheat, rye, &c., to move with one of their ends foremost when falling or when flungthrough the air. In consequence of this construction all of the grains thrown by the ledges lz toward the reducing-surfaces will have space in which to .turn and pass with their longitudinal axes :nearly in a radial direction into the funnelshaped space between the said surfaces. The projections forming the reducing-spaces will then nip or seize the grains in this position and impart to them a single blow that will divide them lengthwise.

The machine represented in the drawings is provided with two vertically-arranged rotating milling-disks, b, and two like stationary milling-disks, f. The two rotating disks b, which may be cast together, as shown in Fig. l, or made separate from each other, are keyed on the shaft a, while the stationary disks f are supported by means of screw-rings secured to them, which rings form circular bearings that iit within circular guides constituted by the walls S of the frame. These rings may therefore be moved in an axial direction, and they are constantly pressed toward the rotating disks by springs. Ihe drawings show for this purpose each of the disks f as provided with a spiral spring, 0,which acts on the disk by means of a screw-spindle, 2,

pivoted to a lever, n, that has a forked upper end, 6, to straddle the shaft a and bear upon knobsl 7, projecting from the ring u on opposite sides of the shaft a, which ringis attached to the hub of the disk f, that embraces said shaft. The tension of the spring is regulated by a nut, 5, that runs on the screw-spindle 2, and drives a collar, 3, that bears against one end of the spring o, and the tension of the spring thus produced, and consequently the pressure exerted betweenV the reducing-surfaces, may be indicated on a scale, o, with which a pointer, 4, on the collar 3 registers.

Instead of springs,weights may be employed, which may be arranged to be regulated while the machine is in operation. The disks f are prevented from turning by means of projections x cast upon them, and extended so as to embrace the opposite sides of the levers a. The grain or other grist to be treated is i'ntroduced through'a feed-channel, g, into the space between the disks b and f, and is there caught by the ledges h. The improvements constituting this inven- -tion may also be applied to machines having but one pair of co-operating disks, and the disks may be horizontal, or vertical, or inclined.

In a machine having two pairs of disks the grinding-Surfaces of which are arranged horizontally, or in a position deviating considerably from the vertical, the lower-pair of grinding-surfaces of the machine must ,be fed by special means, such as the air-current, created in the manner to be hereinafter-described. When the disks are vertical, each stationary disk is provided close to and below the path of the ledges it with a ledge, t, forming an arc of a'circle'and serving to prevent the lower part of the circumference of the disks from receiving more grist than the upper part. In the practical carrying out of portions of these improvements, the reducing-surfaces may be constituted by edges, ridges, teeth, or other IOO suitable projections, -as may be required by the peculiar nature of the grist to be treated or the product to be obtained but the particular construction of these surfaces, hereinafter specifically described, constitutes an independent feature ofthe invention.

For controlling the quantity of grist to be admitted into the machine, feed-rollers or any other known feeding device may be employed. The rotating disks b project beyond the outer IIo edges of the reducing-surfaces, and upon this projecting part each of them is provided on one side with fan-blades p and on the other side with fan-blades p. These fan-blades p p run in housings consisting of two eccentrically-'shaped cases that form the channels q for conducting the reduced material away. These housings are supported a distance apart by occasional radial ribs 16 to form openings 11, through which the air may pass from all circumferential points to the interior of the machine. The fan-blades p draw air through the feed-channel g and through the space between the disks b and-f and the reducing-surfaces,

ena/.196 4 3 manner from behind the disk or disks) and drive itinto the channel q. The current thus produced by the blades p of each disk cools the latter at the back and increases the strength of the air-currentin the said channels. The quantity of air drawn in by the fan-blades may be controlled by the vertical adjustment of the funnels 20 in the feed-channels g, and by more i or less covering the opening 11, as with doors. By this Ventilating arrangement an efficient cooling of Vthe grist is also brought about, but the same has the special function of conveying the grist by means of the air-current in any required direction to the sifting or purifying machines upon which the material is to be submitted to further treatment,or to a storage-room, and of thus `replacing the elevators and creepers heretofore used. For this purpose the 'channels q areconnected at r with suitable conduits leading to the said machines or room. YV ith these conduits suitable devices maybe combined, so as to utilize the air-current in said conduits in the operation ot' dividing the grist, while it is being carried by the air-current, according to the specic gravity of its parts, on the well-known principle of middlings-puritiers. This Ventilating means may be applied to machines of this class whether their reducing-surfaces be or be not formed as herein described.

The reducing-surfaces formed on the opposed faces of the rings c G are especially constructed to adapt them to the splitting of the grains, and for this purpose, whether or not their breakingfaces are more or less narrow, they are formed as inclined projections that diverge in a direction toward the center of the disks. They thus present a funnel-like passage for the material, lso that the varying sizes of grain proj ected between them may be nipped and receive but one blow in its passage through them into` the channel As the reducing surfaces are almostthe onlyA parts of the disks subject to great wear, it is advantageous to form these surfaces on special rings c C, fastened in such a manner to the disks that they may be removed and exchanged.

Similar arrangements have heretofore been applied in milling-machines 5 but the separable parts have always been fastened bybolts or obtaina connection which' allows a speedy eX.-`

change of the rings and at the same time insures their true concentric position, the means o f attachment shown in the drawings have been devised. These means consist in the rings l and e, screwed onto screw-threads cutin offf sets of the disks, and with their outer edges overlapping theinner edges of the rings c C. A rotation .of the rings on the disksis pre vented by means of short studs or pins inserted into the rings andthe disks, as in Fig. 3, which may readily be done, as the drilling of the holes for them into the back part of the rings presents no difficulty, as this part is sott. Each stationary 'disk fis guided in its axial adjustment and maintained at the desired distance from the cooperating rotating disk b by an adj usting-ring '13, screwed on the periphery of the disk f. This ring and disk are pressed inwardA by the force of the aforesaid spring o, or the weight which may be used instead thereof, until they projection o abuts against4 the machine-frame, and thus limits the extent to which the reducing-surface of the disk f is moved forward relatively to the reducing-surface of the disk I). The rim lw of the ring operates as the guide for the disk f in the opening of the frame, as before. stated.` 0n its periphery the ring t has teeth m, constituting a wheel, with which gearsfa pinion, 25, connected with the hand-wheel 7c. A rotation of the wheel k will consequently produce a"rotative movement of the ring ,which, being always pressed against the frame, causes the disk f to. be moved forward or backward and the distance between the reducinglsurfaces to be varied and adjusted. This distance may be indicated on al scale, if desired. The rota tion of the ring. z' may, however, also be caused by other mechanical means-as, for instance, by a leverA and pawl. i

The specified means of fastening the rings c C on the disks and of adjusting the distance of the reducing-surfaces from each other and the pressure between them'may be applied to machines of this class whether their reducingsurfaces be or be not formed as hereinbefore set forth.

Vhat, therefore, is claimed isn l. The combination of `a stationary disk and a rotating disk, Veach provided with a. reducing-surface composed of inclined projections that form a diverging or funnel-like space between them, and adapt them to deliver but a single blow to the gral' ns, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with a stationary disk 'and a rotating disk, each having inclined redcing-'surfaces that form a diverging or funnelvlike ,space between them, of throwingledges l1., secured to the rotating disk, the said ledges operating to throw the grains endwise between the reducing-surfaces, and thelatter to split them lengthwise, substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination, with a stationary re- IOO reducing-surface, and having throwing-ledges h, substantially as shown and described.

5. The combination, with a stationary and a rotating disk, each provided with reducingsurfaces, a feeding device communicating centrally With said disks, and a continuous delivery-channel receiving the reduced materialI from the peripheryof said disks, of fans p, attached to the rotating disk and running in the inner part of said delivery-channel, Wherebv a current of air is drawn through the feedingchannel, and, mingled with the material, passes through the reducing-surfaces and into the delivery-channel, thus acting as a carrier for the material and operating to cool the same and the disks, substantially as shown and described.`

6. The combination, with a stationary and a rotating disk, each provided With reducingsurfaces, a feeding device communicating ceutrally With said disks, a delivering-channel receiving the reduced material from the peripheries of said disks, and openings 1l, of fans p', attached to the rotating disk and running in the inner part of said delivering-channel, whereby a current of air is drawn through the openings 11 from behind said disks and mingles with the material that passes through the reducing-surfaces and into the delivering-channel, thus acting as a carrier for the material and operating to cool the same and the disks, substantially as shown and described.

7. The combination, with the feed-channel (1 and conducting-channel q, of a rotating disk, b, providedvivith a reducing-surface and with fan-blades p, arranged to draw air through the feed-channel g, and with fan-blades p', drawing air from behind the said disk, both series of blades delivering the air, together with the grist, into wsaid channel q, surrounding the disk, substantially as and for the purpose described.

S. The means for attaching the rings G and c, that are provided with the reducing-surfaces, to the disks b and f, the same consisting, in the combination, With'said rings and disks, of the rings d and @,overlapping said rings C c, and screwed onto offsets of the disks, substantially as shown and described.

9. The combination, with a stationary disk, f, provided with a reducing-surfacaof an adjusting-ring, i, Working on screw-threads on the'body of the said disk and abutting against the frame of the machine, with means for rotating the said ring and Vmeans for maintaining it pressed into position with any required degree of force, substantially as 'shown and described.

10. The combinaticmwith a stationary disk, f, provided with a reducing-surface, of an adjusting-ring, z', Working on screw-threads on the body ofthe said disk and abutting against l'the frame of the machine, with means for rorating the said-ring to adjust the reducingsurfaces, substantially'as shown and described. In testimony whereof We have signed our names to thisspecication iu the presence of two subscribing` Witnesses.

AUGUST CHRISTIAN NAGEL. REINHOLD HERMANN KAEMP. ADOLPH LINNENBRUGGE. Vitnesses:

v J. M. BAILEY, H. SCHRADER.