US2922366A - Projectile nose structure - Google Patents

Projectile nose structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US2922366A
US2922366A US586613A US58661356A US2922366A US 2922366 A US2922366 A US 2922366A US 586613 A US586613 A US 586613A US 58661356 A US58661356 A US 58661356A US 2922366 A US2922366 A US 2922366A
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shell
nose
tip
target
projectile
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Expired - Lifetime
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US586613A
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Lyon George Albert
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/08—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with armour-piercing caps; with armoured cupola

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in ordnance projectiles and more particularly concerns the construction of the nose end portions of such projectiles.
  • IStreamlined -projectiles such as artillery shells, low drag bombs and the like are generally provided with hard, symmetn'cally ogived penetrating tips or points in or on the noses thereof having the dual Vfunction of eliminating or at least reducing Wind resistance .during travel of the projectile from firing mechanism or release from the bomb bay of an airplane, as the case may be, and for facilitating penetration of the projectile into the target.
  • the pointed tip of the hard nose strikes a relatively hard target surface at anV oblique angle there is not only -a tendency to deflect from course but also Vto twistanddeflect the nose portion of the projectile relative to the body portion of the projectile. In the latter event the projectile may collapse or -at -least become so warped or disfigured as to resist penetration of the target at least to the desired depth.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an im-' proved ordnance projectile nose structure which alords a streamlined pointed tip for minimizing air resistance but also provides an effective shearing edge on the nose structure to facilitate penetration of the projectile when con- -tact is made with a target on a trajectory axis oblique to the target surface into which the projectile must penetrate.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide in a projectile nose structure a novel normally shielded shearing edge.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide such -a novel shearing edge in combination with improved means for avoiding distortion or ⁇ buckling of the nose portion of the projectile.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide an improved projectile construction including novel means for avoiding deflection or undue resistance to penetration in depth of the projectile into a target having a hard surface approached obliquely by the projectile.
  • Figure l is a side elevational view of a projectile shell member embodying features of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a fragmentary enlarged vertical sectional detail view taken substantially on the line II-II of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a fragmentary more or less schematic sectional elevational view disclosing the relationship of the nose of the projectile to a target surface at the moment of contact of the shearing edge of the projectile nose with the target.
  • the nose ,member V12 On its outer surface the nose ,member V12 is shaped as a continuaton of the ogive of the nose portion 7 of the shell so that when the tip member 12 has been drawn tightly down against the tip of the collar portion 8 the tip 12 continues uninterruptedly the ogive streamlining o'f the nose portion of the shell.
  • an undercut annular shoulder 13 sloping outwardly from the base of the stempll provides an overhanging marginal 'interlock with a complementary tapered annular tip surface 1'4 on the shell.
  • annular shearing edge 15 is provided onthe extremity'of the hard nose tip member 12. This'shearing edge is onthe marginal extremity of the tip member and in a convenient form is recess -symmet-rically formed on the axis of the tip meme ber.
  • the shearing edge 15 at the moment of impact of the shell nose tip 12 with a target T upon approach of the shell or bomb head 5 at an oblique angle to the contacted surface of the target is shown.
  • the target T comprises an armored structure such as a battle ship, tank or other armored structure, with that portion of the target shown consisting of armor plate
  • the shearing edge 15 will cut through the armor, with the force of the shell or 'bomb head distributed over the substantial extent of the shearing edge as it shears into the target, rather than concentrated at a tip as is conventional.
  • any such tendency toward spreading or distortion of the shell tipV relative to the nose tip 12 is minimized.
  • the cap 18 Since on impact with target it is' desirable to have the entering, shearing edge 15 she'aringly en'gagethe target, the cap 18 is constructed of'a ⁇ material1that Will be destroyed, preferably by disint'egration on engagement with the target.
  • the cap 18 may be constructed of a frangible metallic or non-metallic material possessed of suflicient tensile Strength to withstand handling'and assembly with the shell unit and to VWithstand normal usage in handling of the shell for trans-' It will be understood that modifications and variations may be eifected without departing'from the scope ofthei novel concepts of the present invention.
  • hollow shell member having la generally ogived nose por-
  • the Construction is such that the Vinarginal tion, an annular forwardly facing shoulder onthe for- ⁇ Ward extremity of said nose portion about a central opening into the hollow interior of the shell, and a hard penetrating tip nose member having a short central rearwardly extending stem projecting into said opening and secured therein and provided about the base of said Stem with 'a rearwardly facing annular shoulder seated upon said nose portion shoulder, said nose member having an external ogive flush with and complementary to the ogive of said shell nose portion, the tip of said nose member being generally blunt and provided with a marginal annular generally forwardly projecting shearing edge terminus aligned with said shell portion shoulder for substanl tially direct thrustforce'there'to, said shell shoulder being tilting Vo-f the nose member relativeto the shell axis on.
  • said nose member shoulder being complementary in an overhanging interlock relation to said shell shoulder for resistingV distortion or spreading of the shell 'forward extremityand impact of the shearing edge with a target and transfer of th'ust impact to Vsaid shell shoulder by said nose member shoulder.

Description

United States V The present invention relates to improvements in ordnance projectiles and more particularly concerns the construction of the nose end portions of such projectiles.
IStreamlined -projectiles such as artillery shells, low drag bombs and the like are generally provided with hard, symmetn'cally ogived penetrating tips or points in or on the noses thereof having the dual Vfunction of eliminating or at least reducing Wind resistance .during travel of the projectile from firing mechanism or release from the bomb bay of an airplane, as the case may be, and for facilitating penetration of the projectile into the target.
Where the pointed tip of the hard nose strikes a relatively hard target surface at anV oblique angle there is not only -a tendency to deflect from course but also Vto twistanddeflect the nose portion of the projectile relative to the body portion of the projectile. In the latter event the projectile may collapse or -at -least become so warped or disfigured as to resist penetration of the target at least to the desired depth.
It is therefore an important object of the present invention to overcome the foregoing and other problems encountered in connection with projectile structures.
Another object of the invention is to provide an im-' proved ordnance projectile nose structure which alords a streamlined pointed tip for minimizing air resistance but also provides an effective shearing edge on the nose structure to facilitate penetration of the projectile when con- -tact is made with a target on a trajectory axis oblique to the target surface into which the projectile must penetrate.
A further object of the invention is to provide in a projectile nose structure a novel normally shielded shearing edge.
Still another object of the invention is to provide such -a novel shearing edge in combination with improved means for avoiding distortion or `buckling of the nose portion of the projectile.
A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved projectile construction including novel means for avoiding deflection or undue resistance to penetration in depth of the projectile into a target having a hard surface approached obliquely by the projectile.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure l is a side elevational view of a projectile shell member embodying features of the invention;
Figure 2 is a fragmentary enlarged vertical sectional detail view taken substantially on the line II-II of Figure 1; and
Figure 3 is a fragmentary more or less schematic sectional elevational view disclosing the relationship of the nose of the projectile to a target surface at the moment of contact of the shearing edge of the projectile nose with the target.
Although it will be apparent that the invention is atent O Ice adaptable for use in other types of ordnance projectiles, t 's exemplified herein as applied to the head shell 5 of alow'drag bomb. 'Such a shell may be several feet long and provided with a fairly long ogive tapered nose portion 7 terminating in a thickened internally dire'cted collar 8 concentrically machined to provide a bore 9.
`Within the outer end portion of the bore 9 is 'an internally threaded structure 10 for receiving and securing a threaded stem 11 on a hard nose tip member 12.
On its outer surface the nose ,member V12 is shaped as a continuaton of the ogive of the nose portion 7 of the shell so that when the tip member 12 has been drawn tightly down against the tip of the collar portion 8 the tip 12 continues uninterruptedly the ogive streamlining o'f the nose portion of the shell.
'In order 'to effect -a looking, spread resisting engagement of the nose member 12 with the tip of the shell proper, an undercut annular shoulder 13 sloping outwardly from the base of the stempll provides an overhanging marginal 'interlock with a complementary tapered annular tip surface 1'4 on the shell. Thereby, pressures tendi'ng to spread the tip lportion of the shell away from the nose member 12 are res'isted, especially during impact of the nose member against a target.
'For the purpose of enabling eflicient penetration of a target without deflection or tendency to distort the nose portion of the shell assembly, an annular shearing edge 15 'is provided onthe extremity'of the hard nose tip member 12. This'shearing edge is onthe marginal extremity of the tip member and in a convenient form is recess -symmet-rically formed on the axis of the tip meme ber. By having the concavity 17 of shallow, concave, smooth surface, minimum resistance to sliding thereover of target material during penetration will be encountered.
Upon reference to Figure 3, the relationship of the shearing edge 15 at the moment of impact of the shell nose tip 12 with a target T upon approach of the shell or bomb head 5 at an oblique angle to the contacted surface of the target is shown. Assuming that the target T comprises an armored structure such as a battle ship, tank or other armored structure, with that portion of the target shown consisting of armor plate, it will be appreciated that the shearing edge 15 will cut through the armor, with the force of the shell or 'bomb head distributed over the substantial extent of the shearing edge as it shears into the target, rather than concentrated at a tip as is conventional. This substantially eases the Shock on the shell 5 and minimizes tendency of the tip 12 to cant or cause spreading of the nose end of the shell. Of course, by virtue of the undercut interlock etfected between the nose tip of the shell and the overhanging shoulder 13 of the tip member 12 any such tendency toward spreading or distortion of the shell tipV relative to the nose tip 12 is minimized.
It should also be observed that if, as a result of initial striking of the target T by the shearing edge 15 eccentrically relative to the axis of the shell, as shown in Fig. 3, there is any tendency for deflection of the shell from its oblique trajectory axis, such deflection is toward a more nearly normal entry into the target, that is biased more nearly toward the perpendicular so that the shell may penetrate the target more advantageously. This is quite contrary to the tendency upon a sharp point tip striking the target obliquely since the tendency with such a tip is to deflect the shell further off center rather than tending to deflect the shell toward a more centered, or normal or perpendicular relatior to the target as with the present construction.
Since it is highly desirable in order to avoid wind resistance to have the tip of the shell as pointed and streamlined as possible, means are provided for capping the tip member 12 for this' purpose. To this' end, a light Forvsnug flush'mounting of the cap member '18, the' distal' end' portion of the tip memberlZ'is forme'd'with an inset'annular groove 19 of a'depthequal to the tbickness of 'the proximal marginal flange portion of the cap member. flange of the cap member snugly 'tightly fits Within; the groove 19 flush with the external surface of the tip member 12;
v Since on impact with target it is' desirable to have the entering, shearing edge 15 she'aringly en'gagethe target, the cap 18 is constructed of'a`material1that Will be destroyed, preferably by disint'egration on engagement with the target. For this purpose, the cap 18 may be constructed of a frangible metallic or non-metallic material possessed of suflicient tensile Strength to withstand handling'and assembly with the shell unit and to VWithstand normal usage in handling of the shell for trans-' It will be understood that modifications and variations may be eifected without departing'from the scope ofthei novel concepts of the present invention.
I claim as my invention: V In .Va shell Construction of the character described, a
hollow shell member having la generally ogived nose por- The Construction is such that the Vinarginal tion, an annular forwardly facing shoulder onthe for- `Ward extremity of said nose portion about a central opening into the hollow interior of the shell, and a hard penetrating tip nose member having a short central rearwardly extending stem projecting into said opening and secured therein and provided about the base of said Stem with 'a rearwardly facing annular shoulder seated upon said nose portion shoulder, said nose member having an external ogive flush with and complementary to the ogive of said shell nose portion, the tip of said nose member being generally blunt and provided with a marginal annular generally forwardly projecting shearing edge terminus aligned with said shell portion shoulder for substanl tially direct thrustforce'there'to, said shell shoulder being tilting Vo-f the nose member relativeto the shell axis on.
beveled ofi rearwardly and outwardly and said nose member shoulder being complementary in an overhanging interlock relation to said shell shoulder for resistingV distortion or spreading of the shell 'forward extremityand impact of the shearing edge with a target and transfer of th'ust impact to Vsaid shell shoulder by said nose member shoulder.
' 'Refe-encesgCitedin the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
US586613A 1956-05-22 1956-05-22 Projectile nose structure Expired - Lifetime US2922366A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3232168A (en) * 1963-01-09 1966-02-01 Fur Montage Technik Anstalt Apparatus for producing holes in the ground
US3282214A (en) * 1964-12-14 1966-11-01 Madison H Briscoe Projectile
US3348485A (en) * 1964-10-08 1967-10-24 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Armor piercing shell
US3485460A (en) * 1968-02-19 1969-12-23 Avco Corp Variable drag ogive
US3948180A (en) * 1975-03-17 1976-04-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Non-explosive shaped-charge follow-through projectile
US4665828A (en) * 1983-11-23 1987-05-19 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Penetrator for a driving-cage projectile and the process of manufacturing the same
EP0225046A1 (en) * 1985-10-31 1987-06-10 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Kinetic energy missile
FR2629580A1 (en) * 1988-03-31 1989-10-06 Jacquier Pierre Piercing projectile with a hollow-punch core
US5567908A (en) * 1980-04-25 1996-10-22 The United Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Advanced anti ship penetrator warhead
WO2005026652A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-24 Ruag Land Systems Piercing projectile
US7178462B2 (en) * 2004-03-31 2007-02-20 Beasley Joseph S Projectile with members that deploy upon impact
US20090308275A1 (en) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Ake Nilsson Projectile for fire arms
US10502537B1 (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-12-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Enhanced terminal performance medium caliber multipurpose traced self-destruct projectile

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US39180A (en) * 1863-07-07 Kviprovement in projectiles
US43029A (en) * 1864-06-07 Improvement in explosive projectiles for ordnance
US644361A (en) * 1899-06-27 1900-02-27 Jacques Luciani Projectile.
US1102758A (en) * 1914-03-16 1914-07-07 Washington Steel & Ordnance Company Armor-piercing projectile.
GB191408875A (en) * 1914-04-08 1915-04-08 Thos Firth & Sons Ltd Improvements in or relating to Armour-piercing Projectiles.
US1351498A (en) * 1918-05-28 1920-08-31 Strang Harry Bland Armor-piercing projectile
US1419361A (en) * 1921-08-09 1922-06-13 John L Cox Armor-piercing projectile

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US39180A (en) * 1863-07-07 Kviprovement in projectiles
US43029A (en) * 1864-06-07 Improvement in explosive projectiles for ordnance
US644361A (en) * 1899-06-27 1900-02-27 Jacques Luciani Projectile.
US1102758A (en) * 1914-03-16 1914-07-07 Washington Steel & Ordnance Company Armor-piercing projectile.
GB191408875A (en) * 1914-04-08 1915-04-08 Thos Firth & Sons Ltd Improvements in or relating to Armour-piercing Projectiles.
US1351498A (en) * 1918-05-28 1920-08-31 Strang Harry Bland Armor-piercing projectile
US1419361A (en) * 1921-08-09 1922-06-13 John L Cox Armor-piercing projectile

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3232168A (en) * 1963-01-09 1966-02-01 Fur Montage Technik Anstalt Apparatus for producing holes in the ground
US3348485A (en) * 1964-10-08 1967-10-24 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Armor piercing shell
US3282214A (en) * 1964-12-14 1966-11-01 Madison H Briscoe Projectile
US3485460A (en) * 1968-02-19 1969-12-23 Avco Corp Variable drag ogive
US3948180A (en) * 1975-03-17 1976-04-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Non-explosive shaped-charge follow-through projectile
US5567908A (en) * 1980-04-25 1996-10-22 The United Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Advanced anti ship penetrator warhead
US4665828A (en) * 1983-11-23 1987-05-19 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Penetrator for a driving-cage projectile and the process of manufacturing the same
EP0225046A1 (en) * 1985-10-31 1987-06-10 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Kinetic energy missile
US4736686A (en) * 1985-10-31 1988-04-12 British Aerospace Plc Missiles with annular cutter element within fairing portion
FR2629580A1 (en) * 1988-03-31 1989-10-06 Jacquier Pierre Piercing projectile with a hollow-punch core
WO2005026652A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-24 Ruag Land Systems Piercing projectile
US7178462B2 (en) * 2004-03-31 2007-02-20 Beasley Joseph S Projectile with members that deploy upon impact
US20090308275A1 (en) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Ake Nilsson Projectile for fire arms
US10502537B1 (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-12-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Enhanced terminal performance medium caliber multipurpose traced self-destruct projectile

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