US292154A - Steam-boiler - Google Patents

Description

l(No Model.) Y

. .G.B.BRA Y T0N.

, sTlEAMrBoI'Lm v N0.- 292.154. Patented Jam.l 22,1884. f

l N. PETERS, Phamumognphnr. wuhingem D. t:A

NITED STATE-s PATENT- Ormea,

GEORGE B. BnaYfroN, or BOSTON, iias'saonusn'rrs.

STEAM-BOI LER- SlPECIF-ICATION forming' part of Letters Patent No. 292,l54, dated January 22, 1884:.A

Application filed December 29,11382. (No model.)

TQ all 1071/0711, if; 71mg/ concern:

Beit known that I, GEORGE B. BRAYTON,

of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain "'new and usefulImprovements in Steam-Boilers; and I do hereby declare that the following specification, taken in connection with the drawings furnished and forming a part of the same, is a clear, true, and complete descripi Y whether for operating engines or for heating.

and other purposes, they have been specially devised bylne for use on steam yachtalaun'ches, Src.

The objectsof my said improvements vare to obtain an extensive area of fire-surface, a corresponding capacity for developing steam, and the occupation of as little space as possible;

also, to obviate undue vertical dimensions,

thus avoiding the top'hamper7 wellknown to be'obj ectionable in steam-launches and small yachts also, to cconomize in fuel; and to these endsa boiler embodying my invention has an inclosing-shell, a central cylindricalfire-pot, a series of flat or helical water and steam coils` surrounding said re-pot, a tumbling or fall.- ing flue containing the base of thecoil, and an annular flue belowr the fire-pot, which is in communication with the falling-fine, and a smoke-stack. In its best form my boiler has directly above the {ire-bed a flat horizontal coil, and the furnace-door is located centrally therein. In some cases I employ a small auxiliary uptake containing a damper, for connecting the shell adjacent to the furnace-door with they main uptake while stoking. In my boilers the feedwater is supplied to the base of the coil on a level with the fire-pot grate, and

the steam is taken from the upper portion ofV the coil, which overlies the fire-bed. The heated products of combustion, rsing from the fire, pass into direct contact with the upper` portion of the coil, and then, turning downward, they are filtered through the several layers of said coil until they reach the annular flue and pass to the smoke-stack, thus graduating the heat to correspondingly-heated portions ofthe coil, the latter being coolest at its base, and 'each succeeding upper coil thereof being more highly heated than the next lower coil throughout the several coils or series of coils or convolutions.

After a full description of the boiler illustrated in the drawings and certain' modifica-V tions thcreof, the features deemed novel will be specified in the`several clauses of claims hereunto annexed.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a vertical diarnetrical section of one of my boilers and the lower 1portion of the smoke-stack. j

Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 illustrates a similar boiler provided with a branch y connection with the smoke-stack and a damper in said branch controlled by the movements of the furnace-door.

As a rule, I provide as a foundation for my boilers a bed-plate, A, annular in form, with a projecting wing, as at a, at one side for affording a lateral flue-extension, which is in direct communication with the smoke-stack B. Y In the center of the bed-plate there is averti-` cal annular Wall, B', which extends from the upper surface of said plate to such a height as will afford the desired height of ash-pit b and depth of cylindrical re-potc, the circular grate d constituting the bottom of the fire-pot, the usual fire-brick lining, c', being applied to the inner surface of the annular wall B' above, the grate. A radial opening, as at b', extends outwardly from the ash-pit for the admission of atmospheric oxygen to the fire and for the withdrawal of ashes, and other Vsimilar but smaller openings may be provided without departure from my invention.

rllhe casing C of the boiler is cylindrical, with a ilat top, made of suitable sheet-iron, and preferably coated internally with asbestus or other desirable non-conductor of heat, and the vertical wall may be also inclosed in wood, if desired. rllhe bottomof the casing rests upon the bed-plate, and adjacent to the base ofthe smoke-stack there is an annular cap-plate for receiving the stack, and betweensa'ld cap-plate,

andthe extension a of the bed-plateisaverthe outer casing, C, are firmly united by the series of radial bolts or stays j", upon which the coils rest.

As thus far described, it will be readily seen that the products of combustion, rising from the fire-pot or furnace, will pass upward, and thence downward at all sides into the annulai` falling iiue between the wall B and the easing, and thence to the smoke-stack, it being understood that the air-opening b has au upper wall which cuts off all communication with said annular fiue except by way ofthe re-pot. In some cases, for more fully equalizing the draft on both sides of the fire-pot, a horizontal diaphragm or plate can be placed on a level with the grate, at the side adjacent to the smoke-stack, and extending, for instance, between the two stay-bolts nearest the stack, thus preventing a too direct passage from the fire-pot to the smoke-stack.

The boiler-coil D,as here shown, is composed of eight substantially similar flat or helical coils, placed one above,the other, and numbered from the base upward from 1 to S, inclusive, and also a larger cap-coil, (marked 9.) All of these coils are connected to form a continuous coil, the feed-water entering preferably at the outer convolution of the lower coil, l, and the steam being taken from the inner convolution ofthe cap-coil E), and said coils are connected alternately at their inner and outer convolutions. Thepipe is closely coiled in the cap-coil 9, and separated by, say, onehalt' inch throughout each of the other coils, and said coils are also separated by a similar vertical space, thus affording ample passage between and around them for the heated products of combustion. The pipe used is preferably of the lap-weld variety, coiled while cold, and the lengths of pipe are joined by strong screw-couplings. In some eases slender arms or brackets may be extended inwardly from the casing to serve as supports for alternating coils. rihe lower coil, I, isloeated on a line with the fire-grate, and it will be seen that several of said coils, and generally the greater number, are located below the top of the fire-pot wall. At the center of the casing at the top, and at the center of the capcoil l, is an opening through which fuel is supplied to the fire-pot. As shown in Fig. l, the furnace-door E at said central opening is a simple cover, which is lifted on and off; but other arrangements thereof may be employed.

The operation of my boiler is as follows: The boiler-coil having its convolutions filled with Water, and supplied therewith continuously or at frequent intervals at the lower outer convolution, and the fire-pot properly charged with ignited fuel, it will be seen that the heated products of combustion rise from the fire-bed in direct contact with the upper portion of the inner convolutions of the coils 5 to S, inclusive, and with the overlying convolutions of the upper or cap coil, 9, and that said heated products are deflected outwardly from the top, causing the contents of the up'- per portions of the entire coil to be highly heated, and that said heated products ,then descend. with a gradually-reduced temperature until the annular iiue is reached below the coil, thus economically utilizing the heat developed from. the combustion of the fuel. It will be seen that the helical coils l, 2, and 4, in fact, occupy an annular tumbling or falling flue, which is formed by the outer casing and the vertical annular wall of the fire-pot, and that it is in this portion of the boiler-coil that its contents are lowest in temperature, and that said portion ot' the boilercoil is also exposed to the products of combustion only after their temperature has been reduced by raisin g the temperature of the contents of the upper portions of the coil, and I have worked one of my boilers up to a desirable steaming capacity with a temperature at the base of the smoke-stack of about 200O Fahrenheit.

In certain Letters latent ot' the United States, issued to me October 1i, 1864, I disclosed certain improvements made by me in this general class of boilers, which involved the combination, with a coil for water and steam, of an auxiliary boiler or chamber connected with the opposite ends of said coil, so as to provide for the proper circulation or supply of water to said coil, and said chamber served both as a steam-drum and as a feedwater heater, and it is to be understood that I employ with my present coil-boiler an auxiliary boiler, substantially as heretofore patented by me.

I am aware that falling or tumbling filles have been heretofore occupied by coils for heating-feed-water to be used in supplying a boiler coil, within which the water so heated is sprayed, but it is obvious that such boilers not only materially differ from mine in their construction,but also in their manner of work. ing.

I am -also aware that single spiral coils have been employed within a falling flue, and that fiat helical coils connected alternately at their inner and outer convolutions have heretofore been organized so as to overlie the entire grate-surface of a furnace or fire-pot; but so far as I know I am the iirst to organize said connected fiat helical coils so as to surround a central fire-pot.

By the use ot' the flat helical coils surrounding the tire-pot, as stated, the temperature of the contents of each is practically uniform, and the evils of expansion at thev various unions or joints reduced to a minimum,

rlhe series of connected flat or helical coils I deem of great practical value, when arranged and organized as shown, surrounding a central fire-pot, because of the complete utilization of space incident to their use and the great heating-surface afforded; and it will be seen that in each helical coil containing Water I have a considerable quantity thereof at substantially the same temperature. Being alternately connected at the outer and inner IOO IIO

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the casing, thus providing against any radical convolutions, they are coupled in pairs next l adjacent to the fire, and also neXt adjacent to differences in temperature betweenvthe contents of any two adjacent coils. The top coil 'overhanging the fire-pot, in combination with the lower coils, I also deem of value, regardless of the particular character of the lower coils, because said top coil is thereby fully exposed to the highest temperatures favorable for the development ofdry steam. It will be seen that I also obtain an extensive heatingsurface with a minimum of vertical dimensions; and that I am thereby enabled to locate the weight of my boiler closely adjacent to the keel of ayacht or launch. My smokestack having its base below the boiler, and

damper is .provided with a weighted arm, g, which should fairly balance' the door when raised, but be incapable of preventing the door from maintaining its closed position when" once forced downward. 1

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. The combination, within a suitable casf near the keel,need be extended but a few feet Valternately at their inner and outer convoluabove the top of the boiler, thus preventing it from becoming objectionable as top hamper, which is a matter of great consequence in steam-launches, Sac., which usually are required with as Vlittle breadth of beam as is consistent with the requisite floating capacity. In Fig. 3 I have shown a boiler having a branch-flue or uptake, which connects the top of the boiler above the fire-pot with the smoke-stack for use only when stoking. As here shown,the branch G has a dainper,which is connected by outside links and levers with the hinged door E', as clearly shown, in such a manner that when the door is opened the damper is also opened, thus causing such cold air as may enter to proceed directly to the smokestack without contact with the coil,and also preventing any outward discharge of heat and smoke into the face of the stoker. The

tions, substantially as described.

3. The combination, within a suitable casing, of a central fire-pot, an annular falling flue, and a boiler-coil composed of a series ot' connected ilat or helical coils surrounding said fire-pot, and a flat coil above said series of coils and overhanging the fire-pot, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the coil-boiler, of the central fire-pot o'r furnace, a falling flue, a main stack communicating withsaid iiue, a branch 'fiue connecting the furnace at its top with the main stack, and a damper in said branch iiuc, substantially as described.

GEORGE B. BRAYTON.

VIVitnesses:

FREDERICK IV. Conn, G. W. RING.

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