US2911710A - Composite body of magnesium and steel, and method of making same - Google Patents

Composite body of magnesium and steel, and method of making same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2911710A
US2911710A US557244A US55724456A US2911710A US 2911710 A US2911710 A US 2911710A US 557244 A US557244 A US 557244A US 55724456 A US55724456 A US 55724456A US 2911710 A US2911710 A US 2911710A
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United States
Prior art keywords
magnesium
article
ferrous
coating metal
steel
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US557244A
Inventor
Jerome J Kanter
Alvin F Lahr
Edward V Havel
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Crane Co
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Crane Co
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Priority to US557244A priority Critical patent/US2911710A/en
Priority to US831911A priority patent/US3066392A/en
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Publication of US2911710A publication Critical patent/US2911710A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
    • B23K35/002—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of light metal

Definitions

  • the ferrous clad magnesium article of manufacture of I this invention may be prepared by bonding the magnesium in the solid state.
  • this invention relates to a method of cladding magnesium to ferrous articles that includes the step of providing the ferrous articles with a coating of metal soluble in magnesium, and urging the magnesium and ferrous articles together under an atmosphere of a noble gas.
  • the surface of the ferrous article to be coated may be cleaned in any suitable manner such as by pickling, wire brushing, or sand blasting.
  • Pickling is the preferred form and may be accomplished by a dipping in a 15% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, although other ways are known which may be used.
  • the cleaned ferrous metal surface is then plated or coated with a thin coat of metal soluble in magnesium, such as copper, nickel, tin, zinc, aluminum, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, silicon, or silver, by anelectroplating step or other suitable coating operation.
  • metal soluble in magnesium such as copper, nickel, tin, zinc, aluminum, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, silicon, or silver
  • cle may range from 0.0001 inch to 0.0010 inch, although about 0.0002 inch is the usual thickness ordinarily employed.
  • the magnesium article or material may be commercial grades of magnesium or a magnesium base alloy.
  • the magnesium is cleaned by dipping it in muriatic acid, washing with water, and air, drying. .
  • the surface of the magnesium may be scratched with a wire brush after drying.
  • the magnesium may be wheel and blowing-off the fine particles with air.
  • the ferrousmetal article having a thin coat of copper, nickel, tin, zinc, aluminum, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, fsilicon, or silver is placed'against the magnesium with the surface of the ferrous article having the coating metal contacting the magnesium.
  • the materials are then heated to an elevated temperature, below the melting point of the magnesium, under an atmosphere of a noble gas. I At the same time the magnesium and ferrous articles are urged together so as to achieve solid surface bonding at the interface. 7
  • the heating and bonding take place under the atmosphere of a noble gas.
  • the noble gases include helium, neon, argon, crypton, zenon, or mixtures of the foregoing.
  • the temperature must be sufiiciently high to cause the coating metal to diffuse into the magnesium, ordinarily just below the melting point of the magnesium article.
  • the temperature must be below the melting point of the magnesium material for bonding in the solid state. Usually the temperatures will range from about 600 F. up to about 1200 F.
  • the ferrous metal article and magnesium may be clamped together under pressure and placed in a chamber containing a noble gas. The chamber is then heated to the proper elevated temperature. The assembly is then allowed to cool in an atmosphere of a noble gas.
  • the process may also be carried out continuously in which case the ferrous article and magnesium are passed between a pair of rollers which urge them together under an atmosphere of a noble gas at elevated temperatures.
  • the temperature will normally be lower than that for pure magnesium.
  • the primary requisite is to raise the temperature to an amount sufiicient for the coating metal to diffuse into the magnesium material without melting the magnesium material. Inany case, the melting point of the magnesium is the upper temperature limit for the process.
  • Example A sheet of steel was cleaned by degreasing with trichlorethylene followed by a mild alkaline anodic and cathodic cleaning with a water rinse, a 60 Baum sulphuric acid cleaning with a water rinse followed by copper plating for ten minutes at 20 amperes per square foot in a copper cyanide solution to a coating of 0.0002 inch of copper.
  • the copper coated steel sheet was then rinsed in water and dried.
  • a sheet of magnesium was cleaned by dipping in hydrochloric acid, washing under water, and drying in air. The surface was scratched with a wire brush.
  • the magnesium sheet was placed against the surface of the steel sheet having the coating of copper, and the two sheets urged together with a slight amount of pressure with a C-clamp. This assembly was then placed in a chamber which was provided with an atmosphere of Patented Nov. 10, 1959 an inert gas and then heated to about 1100 F.
  • the article formed by this process of the invention does not come apart at the bond when deformed.
  • a micrograph of the bond showed that a eutectic compound had been formedat the inner surface .by difiusion of the coating metal into the magnesium.

Description

United ate Pate O COMPOSITE BODY OF MAGNESIUM AND STEEL, AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Jerome J. Kanter, Palos Park, and Alvin F. Lahr and -Edward V. Havel, Chicago, 111., assignors to Crane Co., Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois No Drawing. Application January 4, 1956 Serial No. 557,244
8 Claims. (Cl. 29-4975) cleaned by buffing .with a wire The ferrous clad magnesium article of manufacture of I this invention may be prepared by bonding the magnesium in the solid state.
There has been much work done in the cladding of aluminum to steel. However, the problems of bonding magnesium to steel are quite different. There is a great deal of activity between aluminum and steel and the principal problem in the past has been to reduce or limit this activity. On the other hand, in the case of magnesium, there is only limited chemical affinity to steel so that the problem is not in reducing or limiting their activity, but to encourage it. In this connection, it is interesting to note that at present there is no available equilibrium diagram for magnesium iron although there is one for aluminum iron.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a bond between magnesium and steel or iron that will not come apart upon deformation.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for cladding magnesium in its solid state to ferrous articles. 7
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention then comprises the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description setting forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of the invention, these being indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.
Broadly stated, this invention relates to a method of cladding magnesium to ferrous articles that includes the step of providing the ferrous articles with a coating of metal soluble in magnesium, and urging the magnesium and ferrous articles together under an atmosphere of a noble gas.
In carrying out the method, if the surface of the ferrous article to be coated is not already substantially free from foreign matter, it may be cleaned in any suitable manner such as by pickling, wire brushing, or sand blasting. Pickling is the preferred form and may be accomplished by a dipping in a 15% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, although other ways are known which may be used.
The cleaned ferrous metal surface is then plated or coated with a thin coat of metal soluble in magnesium, such as copper, nickel, tin, zinc, aluminum, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, silicon, or silver, by anelectroplating step or other suitable coating operation. This coating provides an area of increased solubility with respect to the magnesium whereby the ferrous base is left clean to form a bond with the magnesium by virtue of the solution activity of said coating.
The thickness of the coating metal on the ferrous am;
cle may range from 0.0001 inch to 0.0010 inch, although about 0.0002 inch is the usual thickness ordinarily employed.
The magnesium article or material may be commercial grades of magnesium or a magnesium base alloy.
The magnesium is cleaned by dipping it in muriatic acid, washing with water, and air, drying. .The surface of the magnesium may be scratched with a wire brush after drying. Alternatively, the magnesium may be wheel and blowing-off the fine particles with air.
In carrying out the method, the ferrousmetal article, having a thin coat of copper, nickel, tin, zinc, aluminum, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, fsilicon, or silver is placed'against the magnesium with the surface of the ferrous article having the coating metal contacting the magnesium. Ordinarily, the materials are then heated to an elevated temperature, below the melting point of the magnesium, under an atmosphere of a noble gas. I At the same time the magnesium and ferrous articles are urged together so as to achieve solid surface bonding at the interface. 7
It is critical to the present invention that the heating and bonding take place under the atmosphere of a noble gas. The noble gases include helium, neon, argon, crypton, zenon, or mixtures of the foregoing.
The temperature must be sufiiciently high to cause the coating metal to diffuse into the magnesium, ordinarily just below the melting point of the magnesium article. The temperature must be below the melting point of the magnesium material for bonding in the solid state. Usually the temperatures will range from about 600 F. up to about 1200 F. In carrying out the bonding the ferrous metal article and magnesium may be clamped together under pressure and placed in a chamber containing a noble gas. The chamber is then heated to the proper elevated temperature. The assembly is then allowed to cool in an atmosphere of a noble gas.
The process may also be carried out continuously in which case the ferrous article and magnesium are passed between a pair of rollers which urge them together under an atmosphere of a noble gas at elevated temperatures.
If magnesium alloys are used, the temperature will normally be lower than that for pure magnesium. The primary requisite is to raise the temperature to an amount sufiicient for the coating metal to diffuse into the magnesium material without melting the magnesium material. Inany case, the melting point of the magnesium is the upper temperature limit for the process.
The following example is given by way of illustration of the process and should not be construed in any way as'limiting the present invention, except as defined by the appended claims.
Example A sheet of steel was cleaned by degreasing with trichlorethylene followed by a mild alkaline anodic and cathodic cleaning with a water rinse, a 60 Baum sulphuric acid cleaning with a water rinse followed by copper plating for ten minutes at 20 amperes per square foot in a copper cyanide solution to a coating of 0.0002 inch of copper. The copper coated steel sheet was then rinsed in water and dried.
A sheet of magnesium was cleaned by dipping in hydrochloric acid, washing under water, and drying in air. The surface was scratched with a wire brush.
The magnesium sheet was placed against the surface of the steel sheet having the coating of copper, and the two sheets urged together with a slight amount of pressure with a C-clamp. This assembly was then placed in a chamber which was provided with an atmosphere of Patented Nov. 10, 1959 an inert gas and then heated to about 1100 F. The article formed by this process of the invention does not come apart at the bond when deformed. A micrograph of the bond showed that a eutectic compound had been formedat the inner surface .by difiusion of the coating metal into the magnesium.
Other modes of applying the principle of the invention may be employed, change being made as regards the details described, provided the features stated in any of the following claims or the equivalent of such be employed. p
' We therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as. our invention:
1. The method of bonding ferrous articles to mag nesium or magnesium base alloy articles in the solid state which comprises: j
(4) Providing the ferrous article with a thin surface ofa coating metal which is soluble in magnesium;
(b) Placing a solid article of magnesium' material against the surface of said ferrous article having said coating metal;
(0) Heating said assembly to a temperature sufficient to cause the coating metal to diffuse into the magnesium under an atmosphere of a noble gas and below'the melting point of said magnesium material; and
(d) Urging said magnesium article and said ferrous article together so as to achieve solid phase bonding at the interface.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said coating metal is nickel.
3. The method of claim l 'wherein said coating metal is copper.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said coating metal is silver.
5. The method of claim 1 he e n sa d coating m tal is cadmium.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said coating metal is aluminum.
7. The method of claim .1 wherein said. argon.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said, noble g s is helium. t
noble gas is References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Si g l ct- 2.3, .1956

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF BONDING FERROUS ARTICLES TO MAGNESIUM OR MAGNESIUM BASE ALLOY ARTICLES IN THE SOLID STATE WHICH COMPRISES: (A) PROVIDING THE FERROUS ARTICLE WITH A THIN SURFACE OF A COATING METAL WHICH IS SOLUBLE IN MAGNESIUM; (B) PLACING A SOLID ARTICLE OF MAGENSIUM MATERIAL AGAINST THE SURFACE OF SAID FERROUS ARTICLE HAVING SAID COATING METAL; (C) HEATING SAID ASSEMBLY TO A TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE THE COATING METAL TO DIFFUSE INTO THE MAGNESIUM UNDER AN ATMOSPHERE OF A NOBLE GAS AND BELOW THE MELTING POINT OF SAID MAGNESIUM MATERIAL; AND (D) URGING SAID MAGNESIUM ARTICLE AND SAID FERROUS ARTICLE TOGETHER SO AS TO ACHIEVE SOLID PHASE BONDING AT THE INTERFACE.
US557244A 1956-06-04 1956-06-04 Composite body of magnesium and steel, and method of making same Expired - Lifetime US2911710A (en)

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US831911A US3066392A (en) 1956-06-04 1959-08-05 Composite body of magnesium and steel

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3165828A (en) * 1960-09-16 1965-01-19 Revere Copper & Brass Inc Method of roll-bonding copper to steel
US20060124205A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2006-06-15 Chu-Wan Hong Method for combining components made of different materials

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2053417A (en) * 1933-11-11 1936-09-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Arc welding apparatus
US2474039A (en) * 1945-03-03 1949-06-21 Metals & Controls Corp Method of forming composite metal having a nickel-plated beryllium-copper base and gold or silver bonded thereto by a copper-plated iron sheet
US2473712A (en) * 1944-07-24 1949-06-21 American Cladmetals Company Procedure for making multiply metal stock
US2478478A (en) * 1947-02-03 1949-08-09 Dow Chemical Co Potential gradient anode for galvanic protection
US2569149A (en) * 1945-10-19 1951-09-25 Joseph B Brennan Bimetallic structure
US2685531A (en) * 1948-06-28 1954-08-03 Gen Electric Light-sensitive electron-emissive electrode
US2691815A (en) * 1951-01-04 1954-10-19 Metals & Controls Corp Solid phase bonding of metals
US2753623A (en) * 1951-01-05 1956-07-10 Metals & Controls Corp Solid phase bonding of metals
US2767467A (en) * 1951-02-02 1956-10-23 Metals & Controls Corp Solid phase bonding of metal strips

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2053417A (en) * 1933-11-11 1936-09-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Arc welding apparatus
US2473712A (en) * 1944-07-24 1949-06-21 American Cladmetals Company Procedure for making multiply metal stock
US2474039A (en) * 1945-03-03 1949-06-21 Metals & Controls Corp Method of forming composite metal having a nickel-plated beryllium-copper base and gold or silver bonded thereto by a copper-plated iron sheet
US2569149A (en) * 1945-10-19 1951-09-25 Joseph B Brennan Bimetallic structure
US2478478A (en) * 1947-02-03 1949-08-09 Dow Chemical Co Potential gradient anode for galvanic protection
US2685531A (en) * 1948-06-28 1954-08-03 Gen Electric Light-sensitive electron-emissive electrode
US2691815A (en) * 1951-01-04 1954-10-19 Metals & Controls Corp Solid phase bonding of metals
US2753623A (en) * 1951-01-05 1956-07-10 Metals & Controls Corp Solid phase bonding of metals
US2767467A (en) * 1951-02-02 1956-10-23 Metals & Controls Corp Solid phase bonding of metal strips

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3165828A (en) * 1960-09-16 1965-01-19 Revere Copper & Brass Inc Method of roll-bonding copper to steel
US20060124205A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2006-06-15 Chu-Wan Hong Method for combining components made of different materials

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