US2899390A - Non-staining aluminum rolling - Google Patents
Non-staining aluminum rolling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2899390A US2899390A US2899390DA US2899390A US 2899390 A US2899390 A US 2899390A US 2899390D A US2899390D A US 2899390DA US 2899390 A US2899390 A US 2899390A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- staining
- lubricant
- polybutene
- rolling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 34
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 34
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229920001083 Polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- ULBTUVJTXULMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC ULBTUVJTXULMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 206010021580 Inadequate lubrication Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000276489 Merlangius merlangus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940057007 Petroleum distillate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/242—Hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/30—Foil or other thin sheet-metal making or treating
- Y10T29/301—Method
- Y10T29/308—Using transitory material
Definitions
- This invention relates to the avoidance of staining of aluminum sheet by lubricant employed in the rolling operation which is usually effected at a temperature of about 600 to 650 F.
- the procedure for testing the stain properties of aluminum rolling lubricants is substantially as follows: about .8 mil. of the lubricant to be tested is carefully spread over the entire surface of a clean aluminum test plate which is then placed in an electric mufile furnace where it is held at a temperature of about 650 F. for a period of about 30 minutes, the test plate being horizontally placed so that the lubricant will not run oif. At the end of the test period the plate is removed and compared with standard plates which are rated from A to H, the A plate being bright and free from stain and the H plate being most stained.
- polybutene used as an aluminum rolling lubricant has an average molecular weight of about 330 and contains substantial amounts of components boiling upwards of 650 F.; apparently it is these high molecular weight, high boiling components which are responsible for stain and it is therefore important that the polybutene used as an aluminum rolling lubricant be free from components boiling above 650 F., i.e. it should boil in the range of about 460 to 645 F.
- an aluminum rolling lubricant has been successfully tested which has a viscosity of 80 seconds Saybolt at 100 F., a boiling range of 560 to! 645 F., a flash point of 310 F., and an API gravity of 38.8, this particular lubricant having an average molecular weight below 270 and being substantially free from components boiling above 650 F.
- an effective amount of a non-staining lubricity agent e.g. about 1 percent of butyl stearate is added to the polybutene.
- polybutenes herein referred to are those prepared by polymerizing butenes from a butane-butylene stream as described, for example, in US. 2,407,873, and 2,677,000-1-2.
- a non-staining aluminum rolling lubricant which consists essentially of an undiluted polybutene, prepared by polymerizing butenes from a butane-butylene stream, which polybutene has a Saybolt viscosity at 100 F. in the range of about 40 to 80 seconds, which boils in the range of about 460 to 645 R, which has an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to 270, and which polybutene contains about 1 percent of butyl stearate.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
NON-STAINDJG ALUMINUM ROLLHJG LUBRICANT John J. Plemich, Whiting, Ind., assignor to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Indiana No Drawing. Application March 29, 1956 Serial No. 574,589
'1 Claim. (Cl. 252- 56) This invention relates to the avoidance of staining of aluminum sheet by lubricant employed in the rolling operation which is usually effected at a temperature of about 600 to 650 F.
Many types of compounds have been employed as lubricants in the rolling of aluminum sheets but most of them either provide inadequate lubrication or result in an objectionable stain or imperfection on the surface of the resulting sheet. One of the best aluminum rolling lubricants heretofore known was a low boiling petroleum distillate containing a high molecular weight polybutene (U.S. 2,256,603). The object of this invention is to provide an improvement in this type of lubricant, i.e. to provide an effective aluminum rolling lubricant of improved nonstaining characteristics.
I have discovered that an undiluted polybutene which has a viscosity in the range of about 40 to 80 seconds Saybolt at 100 R, which contains no components boiling as high as 650 F. and which has an average molecular weight below 300 and preferably in the range of about 200 to 270, when it is subjected to the standard aluminum stain test is remarkably superior to polymers of higher viscosity and molecular weight and to blends of such polymers in conventional low boiling mineral oil, such as mineral seal oil. The oil film that remains on an aluminum sheet after it has been rolled with this improved lubricant does not cause staining of the aluminum even in a subsequent annealing step.
The procedure for testing the stain properties of aluminum rolling lubricants is substantially as follows: about .8 mil. of the lubricant to be tested is carefully spread over the entire surface of a clean aluminum test plate which is then placed in an electric mufile furnace where it is held at a temperature of about 650 F. for a period of about 30 minutes, the test plate being horizontally placed so that the lubricant will not run oif. At the end of the test period the plate is removed and compared with standard plates which are rated from A to H, the A plate being bright and free from stain and the H plate being most stained.
Test data obtained on a series of lubricants is shown in the following table:
Patented Aug. 11, 1959 The test data show that high viscosity and high molecular weight polybutenes per se (tests a and b) are unsatisfactory as aluminum rolling lubricants; although such polymers have the known properties of decomposing without substantial carbon formation at high temperatures, they nevertheless cause undesirable staining of aluminum at 650 F. Mineral seal oil, which might be expected to vaporize completely at 650 F., nevertheless causes appreciable staining either when employed alone (test g) or with a viscous and high molecular weight polymer (test h). The low molecular weight polybutene of lubricating oil viscosity (tests d, e and f) in the absence of mineral oil diluent proved to be outstandingly superior to any of the other lubricants tested. For best nonstaining properties it appears that the polybutene should have a viscosity below 100 seconds Saybolt at 100 F. (run 0 showed a stain test of B). Ordinary commercial polybutene of 100 seconds Saybolt viscosity at 100 F. has an average molecular weight of about 330 and contains substantial amounts of components boiling upwards of 650 F.; apparently it is these high molecular weight, high boiling components which are responsible for stain and it is therefore important that the polybutene used as an aluminum rolling lubricant be free from components boiling above 650 F., i.e. it should boil in the range of about 460 to 645 F.
Similar tests made at 600 F. showed the 40 and 50 vis. materials (1 and e) to have stain ratings of A, the vis. polymer (d) to have a stain rating of about B and the vis. polymer (c) to have a stain rating of D. Here again the materials of about 40 to 80 seconds Saybolt viscosity at about 100 F. were found to be outstandingly superior to heavier polymers.
As a specific example, an aluminum rolling lubricant has been successfully tested which has a viscosity of 80 seconds Saybolt at 100 F., a boiling range of 560 to! 645 F., a flash point of 310 F., and an API gravity of 38.8, this particular lubricant having an average molecular weight below 270 and being substantially free from components boiling above 650 F. In the actual rolling of aluminum an effective amount of a non-staining lubricity agent, e.g. about 1 percent of butyl stearate is added to the polybutene.
The polybutenes herein referred to are those prepared by polymerizing butenes from a butane-butylene stream as described, for example, in US. 2,407,873, and 2,677,000-1-2.
I claim:
A non-staining aluminum rolling lubricant which consists essentially of an undiluted polybutene, prepared by polymerizing butenes from a butane-butylene stream, which polybutene has a Saybolt viscosity at 100 F. in the range of about 40 to 80 seconds, which boils in the range of about 460 to 645 R, which has an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to 270, and which polybutene contains about 1 percent of butyl stearate.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,256,603 Wright Sept. 23, 1941 2,403,238 Rosenstiehl July 2, 1946 2,407,873 Evering et a1 Sept. 17, 1946 2,590,451 Perry Mar. 25, 1952 2,605,224 Jahn July 29, ,1952 2,652,362 Woods et a1. Sept. 15, 1953 2,729,992 Wankat Jan. 10, 1956
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2899390A true US2899390A (en) | 1959-08-11 |
Family
ID=3448186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US2899390D Expired - Lifetime US2899390A (en) | Non-staining aluminum rolling |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2899390A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3062745A (en) * | 1958-12-02 | 1962-11-06 | Standard Oil Co | Glass grinding process employing a non-foaming oiliness agent |
US3298951A (en) * | 1966-01-24 | 1967-01-17 | Roman D Guminski | Stabilized polybutene composition |
US3298954A (en) * | 1964-03-27 | 1967-01-17 | Standard Oil Co | Metal working lubricant |
DE1594330B1 (en) * | 1964-04-28 | 1970-10-15 | Alcan Res & Dev | Aqueous lubricant dispersion for hot rolling aluminum |
US4062784A (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1977-12-13 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Oil-in-water emulsion for cold rolling |
US4151102A (en) * | 1977-06-02 | 1979-04-24 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Synthetic bearing lubricant |
FR2510602A1 (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-02-04 | Bonjean Charles | General-purpose machining lubricant based on polybutene - of low viscosity, contg. 3-7 vol. per cent of surfactant, is powerful coolant |
EP0087386A1 (en) * | 1982-02-23 | 1983-08-31 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag | Hydraulic fluid |
US4761241A (en) * | 1986-04-14 | 1988-08-02 | Nihon Kousakuyu Co., Ltd. | Oily lubricant for cold plastic processing of metallic material |
US5783530A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1998-07-21 | Alcan International Limited | Non-staining solid lubricants |
US6461730B1 (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 2002-10-08 | Danfoss A/S | Lubricant for wire used for forming the stator windings of an electrical refrigerating compressor |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2256603A (en) * | 1941-09-23 | Processing with nonstainingcom | ||
US2403238A (en) * | 1944-02-02 | 1946-07-02 | Texas Co | Method of lubrication as applied to the processing of aluminum and aluminum alloys |
US2407873A (en) * | 1943-11-13 | 1946-09-17 | Standard Oil Co | Polymerization of olefins |
US2590451A (en) * | 1947-08-09 | 1952-03-25 | Shell Dev | Metalworking lubricant |
US2605224A (en) * | 1949-06-24 | 1952-07-29 | Shell Dev | Metalworking lubricant |
US2652362A (en) * | 1950-08-15 | 1953-09-15 | Shell Dev | Grease composition |
US2729992A (en) * | 1952-07-19 | 1956-01-10 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Rolling of metals |
-
0
- US US2899390D patent/US2899390A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2256603A (en) * | 1941-09-23 | Processing with nonstainingcom | ||
US2407873A (en) * | 1943-11-13 | 1946-09-17 | Standard Oil Co | Polymerization of olefins |
US2403238A (en) * | 1944-02-02 | 1946-07-02 | Texas Co | Method of lubrication as applied to the processing of aluminum and aluminum alloys |
US2590451A (en) * | 1947-08-09 | 1952-03-25 | Shell Dev | Metalworking lubricant |
US2605224A (en) * | 1949-06-24 | 1952-07-29 | Shell Dev | Metalworking lubricant |
US2652362A (en) * | 1950-08-15 | 1953-09-15 | Shell Dev | Grease composition |
US2729992A (en) * | 1952-07-19 | 1956-01-10 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Rolling of metals |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3062745A (en) * | 1958-12-02 | 1962-11-06 | Standard Oil Co | Glass grinding process employing a non-foaming oiliness agent |
US3298954A (en) * | 1964-03-27 | 1967-01-17 | Standard Oil Co | Metal working lubricant |
DE1594330B1 (en) * | 1964-04-28 | 1970-10-15 | Alcan Res & Dev | Aqueous lubricant dispersion for hot rolling aluminum |
US3298951A (en) * | 1966-01-24 | 1967-01-17 | Roman D Guminski | Stabilized polybutene composition |
US4062784A (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1977-12-13 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Oil-in-water emulsion for cold rolling |
US4151102A (en) * | 1977-06-02 | 1979-04-24 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Synthetic bearing lubricant |
FR2510602A1 (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-02-04 | Bonjean Charles | General-purpose machining lubricant based on polybutene - of low viscosity, contg. 3-7 vol. per cent of surfactant, is powerful coolant |
EP0087386A1 (en) * | 1982-02-23 | 1983-08-31 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag | Hydraulic fluid |
US4488979A (en) * | 1982-02-23 | 1984-12-18 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Hydraulic fluid |
US4761241A (en) * | 1986-04-14 | 1988-08-02 | Nihon Kousakuyu Co., Ltd. | Oily lubricant for cold plastic processing of metallic material |
US5783530A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1998-07-21 | Alcan International Limited | Non-staining solid lubricants |
US6461730B1 (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 2002-10-08 | Danfoss A/S | Lubricant for wire used for forming the stator windings of an electrical refrigerating compressor |
US6562767B1 (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 2003-05-13 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Process for producing a lubricant coated laquered wire used for forming the stator winding of an electrical refrigerating compressor |
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