US2888711A - Production of filamentary materials - Google Patents

Production of filamentary materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US2888711A
US2888711A US292772A US29277252A US2888711A US 2888711 A US2888711 A US 2888711A US 292772 A US292772 A US 292772A US 29277252 A US29277252 A US 29277252A US 2888711 A US2888711 A US 2888711A
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Prior art keywords
plate
filaments
tamper
powdered
vessel
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US292772A
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English (en)
Inventor
Finlayson Donald
Harcolinski Antoni
Krzesinski Boleslaw
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Acordis UK Ltd
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British Celanese Ltd
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Priority claimed from GB2163650A external-priority patent/GB719853A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/10—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
    • C07C51/14—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in organic compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/04—Melting filament-forming substances
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the production of textile fibres and other filamentary products such as bristles, straws, ribbons and the like, and particularly to a method and to apparatus for the production of artificial filamentary products from fusible filament-forming materials (for example cellulose acetate) in powdered form.
  • fusible filament-forming materials for example cellulose acetate
  • the material drawn away in the form of filaments through the orifices in the heated plate is replaced by the supply of fresh powdered material, so that a thin layer of filament-forming material in contact with the plate is constantly maintained.
  • the urging of the powdered material against the plate can be efiected by intermittently applying a mechanical pressure to the particles of material on the side of this layer remote from the plate.
  • Such intermittency permits fresh powdered material to be supplied in very small quantities in the intervals between the successive applications of the pressure to make up for the molten material drawn away through the spinning orifices.
  • a method of producing artificial filamentary products from powdered fusible filament-forming material comprises urging the filament-forming material in powdered form against one side of a heated plate having spinning orifices therein so that the powdered material is fused by heat supplied from said plate, continually supplying fresh material to said plate, continuously maintaining a sub-atmospheric pressure about the powdered material that has been so supplied, and drawing away the fused material through said orifices in the form of filaments.
  • a second gas duct may be provided to allow the supply of an inert gas to the vessel, the inert gas being continually drawn away through the first duct so as to maintain its pressure below atmospheric pressure.
  • a vacuum pump is provided, in communication with the first duct either directly or through a vacuum main serving a series of units of apparatus. It will be seen that, except for the provision of the vacuum pump, the apparatus defined is suitable for carrying out the process of US. application Ser. No. 243,994, filed August 28, 1951, in the case where, as described in that application, an atmosphere of an inert gas is to be maintained about the powdered material that has been supplied to the plate.
  • the degree of vacuum required for the purposes of the invention need not be so high as to require complicated and expensive pumps, glands and pressure locks in order to maintain it.
  • a degree of vacuum giving a subatmospheric pressure of 10 lb./sq. in. absolute is believed to be sufficient for most practical purposes, and some advantage may be gained from an even smaller degree of vacuum. Nevertheless, it is preferred to use a sub-atmospheric pressure of the order of 4-5 lb./sq. in. absolute.
  • the urging of the powdered material against provided with a ram having a working face acting against the plate, and means for longitudinally reciprocating said ram at a frequency of say 3-50 strokes per second.
  • the ram may either extend into the vessel through a suitable gland, to be longitudinally reciprocated by means outside the vessel, or the reciprocating means may be Wholly or partly contained within the vessel. Where such a gland is employed, and a second duct is required for the supply of an inert gas, said duct may communicate with the vessel through said gland.
  • the powdered material can be supplied to the vessel by hand or by any convenient feedrneans such as a lock chamber, and reaches the layer of material in contact with the plate in small quantities during the intervals bu tween the successive applications of the mechanical pressure.
  • the tip or Working face of 'therarn acts in a well at the bottom of which is the heated plate.
  • a small quantity of fresh powdered material passes under gravity beneath the tip of the ram each time the ram is raised.
  • the ram may be raised just clear of the well, or a clear ance between the sides of the well and the ram may be relied on to give access for the material in the vessel to pass beneath the tip.
  • the drawing away of the fused material can be effected by simply allowing the products-emergingfrom the ori fices in the heated plate to fall away by their own weight. Except in the production or bristles and like heavy filamentary products, however, it is desirable to draw the fused material away at a greater linear rate, as by passing the filaments round a draw-roller driven at the appropriate peripheral speed and disposed at a suflicient dis tance from the heated plate for the filaments to harden by cooling.
  • the filamentary products made in accordance with the invention can thus be made in the form of a bundle of fine filaments, eg of denier down to l denier or less, associated together to form a thread which can be twisted to any desired degree or, alone or in association with other such threads, can be converted into staple fibres for use in staple fibre yarns.
  • fila' ments of heavy denier e.g. of 10-200 denier
  • narrow bands or ribbons, or like flat filaments can be made, of a width of the order of 1-5 mm. or more. Such filaments can be drawn down from the orifices so as to reduce their denier without losing the width/ thickness ratio of their original crosssection.
  • the degree of draw-down employed for the production of fine filaments i.e. the ratio between the area of crosssection of the orifices in the plate and the area of crosssection of the filaments, is preferably of the order of 500 to 1000 or more.
  • a lower degree of draw-down can be employed, ranging from unity upwards according to the denier of the products required.
  • the possibility of using a high degree of drawdown makes'it unnecessary to use very fine orifices in the plate, and enables the same orifices to be used for filaments of very different deniers.
  • orifices of the order of 0.02" or morein diameter which ofier no special difiiculty in production, can be used, and the denier of the resulting filaments determined by the degree of draw-down.
  • the filaments proceed to a collecting device, e.g. to a simple reel or, in the case of a bundle of filaments to be formed into a continuous filament yarn, to a centrifugal pot or other twisting and winding device.
  • the filaments On their way from the heated plate to the col lecting device, the filaments may be treated with an antistatic lubricant or other finish.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation of a unit of apparatus ac-- cording to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a detail shown in cross-section of the apparatus shown in Figure l,
  • FIG 3 is a circuit diagram of the electrical heating arrangements of the apparatus shown in Figure 1,
  • Figure 4 is a front elevation of a further form of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show two forms of gland arrangement alternative to those shown in Figures 1-4,
  • Figures'7 and 8 are a sectional side elevation and a part-sectional front elevation respectively of a third form of apparatus according to the invention.
  • Figure 9 is a plan view of insulating slab 101.
  • the unit of apparatus there shown comprises a base plate 10, two rear pillars ii, a front pillar 12 and top plate 13.
  • the top plate 13 carries the driving motor 14- of the unit "which is connected by a flexible coupling 15 to an eccentric 16, the crank 17 of which isadjustable in radius along a slot 18 and is secured in the desired position by means of a screw 19.
  • the motor 14 and crank 17 rotate at about 1200 revolutions per minute.
  • the eccentricld drives a vertically acting tamper rod 21 slidably mounted in a guide bracket 22 fixed to the front pillar 12 of the unit. Beneath the bracket 22 is fixed an aligning tube 23, which is shown in section in Figure 2.
  • the lower end of the tamper rod 21 within the aligning tube 23 is forked at 2 4 and carries a pin 25 passing through a vertical slot 26 in the upper end of a tamper holder 27.
  • the tamper holder is a running fit inside the aligning tube 2.3 and is urged downwards by means of a strong compression spring 28.
  • At the reduced lower end of the tamper holder 27 is mounted the tamper 29 proper.
  • the tamper 29 works in a jet assembly 31 carried on a bracket 32 slidably mounted on the front pillar l2 and vertically adjustable by means of a screw 33, so thatthe assembly 31 can be adjusted for height relatively, to the tamper 2? or lowered clear of the tamper when required.
  • the jet assembly comprises a jet plate 35 secured between two slabs 36, 37 of heat-resisting electrically insulating material, the upper slab 36 eing bored at 33 to constitute a well which takes the tip of the tamper 2b with a clearance of about
  • the lower slab 37 is similarly bored at 39, and the jet plate 35 is formed with a circle of nine spinning orifices 41, each of 0.025" diameter, at the bottom of the well '38.
  • the ends of the jet plate 35 are connected by means of heavy copper leads 42 to a low-voltage source of electric current, as described in greater detail with reference to Figure 3.
  • the lower slab 37 rests on an angle girder 43 carried by the bracket 32.
  • the slabs 36, 37 and jet plate 35 are clamped together between the girder 4,3 and a fitment 46 by means of screws 47.
  • To the fitment 46 is fixed a sheet metal cone 50 constituting a powder trough.
  • the trough 50 is covered by a closure 51 having a central gland 52 through which passes the tamper 29. Through the closure 51 pass a vacuum tapping 53 leading to a vacuum pump (not shown), and a gauge tapping 54 leading to a vacuum gauge (not shown).
  • the vacuum pump is of such power asto be able to maintain a subatmospheric pressure within the powder trough 50 of the order of 4 lb./sq. in. absolute.
  • the closure is provided with a lock-chamber 55 fitted with an upper valve 56 and a lower valve 57, and with ahopper 58 above the upper valve.
  • a window 59 in the closure 51 enables the quantity of powdered material in the trough 50 to be seen.
  • fresh powdered material can be fed into the trough from the hopper 58 by first opening the upper valve 56 to allow a charge of powder to enter the lockchamber 55 and then, after closing the valve 56, opening the valve 57 so as to allow the charge to pass into the trough 50.
  • the vacuumtappingSll-and the gauge tapping F5 54 are fitted wtih gauze filters 60 to prevent the passage of powdered material.
  • the jet plate 35 is heated by an electric current supplied through the leads 42, the supply of current being controlled by the circuit shown in Figure 3.
  • the circuit 1 of Figure 3 is supplied with alternating current at 200 volts from the mains terminals 62, to which are connected in series the primary coils 63, 64 of a principal transformer 65 and an auxiliary transformer 66 respectively.
  • a variable resistance 67 is included in the circuit containing the primary coils 63, 64.
  • the secondary coil 68 of the principal transformer 65 is directly connected through the leads 42 to the jet plate 35, and gives a voltage drop in the ratio of 200:1.
  • the secondary coil 70 of the auxiliary transformer 66 is a high resistance coil giving a voltage rise of 1:3. It is connected to a variable resistance 71 and also to a pair of contacts 72, 73, arranged in parallel with the resistance 71 and controlled by means of a temperature recorder/ control instrument 7 4 of known type.
  • the instrument 74 is actuated by a thermocouple 75 fixed to the jet plate 35 within the lower slab 37, so as to record a temperature as near as possible to that of the spinning orifices 41.
  • the upper contact 72 follows the movement of the recording pen 76 of the instrument 74, being driven by a suitable electronic servo-mechanism of known type.
  • the lower contact 73 is a fixed but adjustable contact, its position being varied in accordance with the temperature desired of the jet plate 35.
  • variable resistance 71 enables the reflected impedance of the primary 64 to be adjusted to give the desired variation in the power supplied from the secondary 68; a variation of the order of has been found suitable.
  • powdered material is supplied to the powder trough 50, the trough is exhausted of air through the vacuum tapping 53, and the current through the jet plate 35 is turned on.
  • the motor 14 is started.
  • the material passes down the side of the tamper 29 into the bore of the upper slab 36, and the flat tip of the tamper 29, reciprocating vertically, tamps it into contact with the upper surface of the jet plate 35.
  • the powder thus urged into contact with the jet face is melted and the pressure, though intermittently applied, is enough to cause the fused material to pass through the orifices 41 from which it is drawn away in the form of heavy bristles by its own weight.
  • the bristles can be more rapidly drawn away from the orifices 41 in the form of fine filaments 78 by being passed round the feed roller 79 of a ring spinning device 80, by means of which they are collected and wound in the form of a package 81 of twisted filament yarn.
  • the filaments pass over a wick 82 for the application of an anti-static finish or lubricant.
  • the rate at which the powdered material is fed below the tip of the tamper 29 is self-adjusting so as to be equal to the rate at which the material is drawn away from the orifices 41 in the form of filaments 78. This is brought about by the form of connection between the tamper rod 21 and the tamper holder 27. By reason of the pin and slot connection 25, 26 the tip of the tamper is raised always to a constant height upon each revolution of the eccentric 16. This height is adjustable relative to the jet assembly 31, by means of the screws 33; a suitable height is /3" above the upper surface of the slab 36.
  • the tamper 20 descends, however, only so far as the thickness of the layer of material lying over the jet plate 35 will permit, the pin 25 in the slot 26 allowing the residual movement of the tamper rod 21 under the influence of the eccentric 16 to take place independently of the tamper holder.
  • the quantity of fresh material entering beneath the tip of the tamper 29 each time the tamper is raised depends upon the space created between the tip of the tamper in its uppermost position and the upper surface of the layer of material over the jet plate 35.
  • the unit of apparatus shown in Figure 4 is one of a series of units arranged in line.
  • the units are driven from a common shaft 86 carrying a series of eccentrics 87 each provided with a connecting rod 88 for the driving of a tamper rod 89 and tamper holder 90 which are united by a pin and slot connection 91, 02 similar to those shown in Figure 2.
  • the tamper rod 89 and the tamper holder 90 are guided by bushes 93 in two rails 94, 95 respectively, extending the length of the series of units.
  • a spring 96 similar to the spring 28 of Figure 2 acts between the upper rail 94 and a plate 9'7 carried by the tamper holder 90.
  • the principal difierence between the unit of apparatus shown in Figure 4 and that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 lies in the form of the tamper and jet assembly.
  • the jet assembly comprises a jet plate 99 in the form of a long continuous strip extending the length of the whole series of units, and clamped along each edge by pairs of blocks 101, 102 of heat-resisting electrically insulating material. Along the middle of strip 99 are two continuous lines of spinning orifices 100.
  • the blocks 101, 102 are clamped together by means of screws 103 passing through a retaining plate 104, through the blocks 101, 102 and an angle iron girder 105, and into bars 106.
  • the bars 106 carry the side walls 107 of a powder trough provided with a closure 109 secured to flanges 110 at the upper edges of the side walls 107.
  • the tamper is in the form of a metal stem 111 secured to the lower end of the tamper holder 90 by means of an adjustable connection 112, and carrying at its lower end a tamper foot 113 in the form of a bar of a horizontal length equal to the spacing between the units of the series.
  • the foot 113 works in the middle of a channel between the vertical edges of the blocks 101, having a clearance therefrom of the order of
  • the stem 111 passes through a guide block 115 fixed t0 the closure 109, the passage being sealed by means of a rubber sleeve 116 secured to the guide block 115 and to the connection 112.
  • the sleeve 116 is secured by means of wires 117.
  • the closure 109 is provided with a vacuum pipe 118 leading to a vacuum pump (not shown).
  • the pipe 118 leads into a tubular gauze filter 119 extending along the length of the trough formed by the walls 107.
  • the operation of the device is similar to that of the device described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, the jet plate 99 being heated by passing a current along its length from end to end under the control of temperaturecontrol means similar to that shown in Figure 3.
  • the filaments 12d emerging as a sheet from the line of orifices 100' in the jet 99 can pass downwards to a collecting guide 121 where they turn through a right-angle to join the filaments produced by other units in the form of a heavy tow 122 of continuous filaments for collection at the end. of the series of units in any suitable manner.
  • the tow 122 is suitable for conversion into staple fibres.
  • the trough 107' is fed by hand by removing the closure 109, and the apparatus is run until the charge so fed is exhausted.
  • Figures and 6 show two forms of gland arrangement, alternative to those shown in Figures 2 and 4, for actuating the tamper while maintaining the vacuum in the trough 50.
  • a tamper rod 125 is used which passes through a gland 126 in a bracket 127 corresponding to the bracket 22 of Figure l (or the rail 94 of Figure 4), and is provided at its lower end with a piston 128 working in a cylindrical space 129 in a fitment 130 to which the tamper 29 is secured.
  • the tamper passes through a guide block 131 screwed into the closure 132 of the powder trough 50.
  • the spring 23 acts betweenthe fitment 130 and a nut 133, which is screwed.
  • a telescopic sleeve 134, 135 extends from the bracket 127 to the guide block 131, the upper sleeve 134 being secured by a gas-tight joint to the bracket- 127.
  • the joint between the lower sleeve. 135 and the block 131, and the joint between the two sleeves 134, 135 are likewise rendered gas-tight, by means of rubber sleeves 136 which, however, enable the sleeve 135 to be raised when desired.
  • a connection 137 communicating through the guide block 131 to the bore thereof through which the tamper 29 passes, enables a slow leak ofinert gas such as nitrogen to be supplied to the trough 50 if desired.
  • connection 137 may alternatively be used instead of the gauge tapping 54 shown in Figures 1 and 2 for connection to a vacuum gauge.
  • the arrangement of Figure 5 has the advantage that the tamper rod 125-w0rks in the gland 126 with a constant stroke irrespective of variations in the stroke executed by the tamper 29 itself.
  • Figure 6 shows a form of connection between the tamper rod 21 and the tamper 29 which possesses the same advantage.
  • the tamper rod 21 carries at its lower end a cylinder 140 in which works a piston 141 secured to the upper end of the tamper 29.
  • the tamper 29 extends through a sleeve 142 formingan extension of the cylinder 140.
  • the spring 28 is contained in the cylinder 1413 and works between the top of the cylinder and the piston 141.
  • the gland 52 which in Figures l and 2 accommodates the tamper 29, accommodates in Figure 6 the sleeve 142.
  • the stroke of the sleeve 142 through the gland 52 is thus a constant stroke irrespective of he variations in the stroke of the tamper 29.
  • the interior of the cylinder 140, being subjected to vacuum, is sealed by means of a sealing ring 143.
  • FIGS '7, 8 and 9 show diagrammatically a modification of the general arrangement described in Figure 4, in which the entire apparatus works in an evacuated chest.
  • the chest 145 is provided with a front closurev 146, and the driving shaft 86 passes through a rotary vacuum seal 147 in one of the side walls of the chest.
  • the eccentrics 143 on the shaft 86 differ from the eccentrics 37 of Figure 4 in being provided with ball bearings.
  • the connections between the eccentrics and the tamper ems 111 are similar to that described with reference to Figure 5.
  • Each comprises a piston 128 on the lower end of the tamper rod 125, a cylinder 129, fitment 130, and spring 28, all disposed between the rails 94, 95 which extend from one side to the other of the chest 145 and are supported on angle-iron brackets'149.
  • a connection 150 provided with a tubular filter 151 communicates with a vacuum pump for evacuating the chest 145,
  • a vacuum gauge 152 is provided at the top of the chest.
  • a simple sheet metal trough 153 is employed, secured to the base of the chest 145 over a slot 154 into which the tamper feet 113'extend.
  • the insulating slabs 101, 102, the jet plate 99 and the retaining plate 104 are secured to the face of the chest below the slot 154 by means of the screws 103.
  • the modification shown in Figures 7 and 8 differs further from that shown in Figure 4 in that the tamper feet 113 are spaced from one another at their ends and work in separate slots 155 ( Figure 9) in the upper insulating slab '101.
  • the apparatus maybe fed with powder by chargingthe trough 153'by hand before fixing the front closure 146.
  • a feed hopper may be employed as shown in dotted lines at 156, supported 'on the angle irons 149.
  • the hopper 156 is open at the top and is formed with a long outlet slit at the bottom extending into and along the whole length of the trough 153.
  • Powder fed into the hopper 156 discharges freely from the slit until'the level of powder in the trough 153 reaches the level of the slit, whereupon the discharge is checked until the level of powder fall's again.
  • filamentary products can be successfully produced from a number of fusible filament-forming substances, including not only substances which are stable at and above their melting points, but also many which are liable to slow decomposition and discolouration if maintained for a substantial period at about the temperature at which they first become flowable.
  • the method of the present invention does not require the material to be in a flowable state for more than a very short period.
  • the time during'which the filament-forming material is being urged towards the jet face, in the form of apparatus described above, is itself of the order of l minutev or less, andthe material can be subjected to a temperature approaching that of the heated jet plate for'only afraction of that time;
  • the very short period of heating ienables melt spinning of materials of the type mentioned above to be'effected, even with the use of substantially higher plate temperatures than those at which the materials become flowable, without substantial charring or'discolour-' ationof the resulting products.
  • the invention is'particularly applicable to fusible filament-forming substances whichhave'not a sharp melting point but aresoftened andlgradually increase in fiowability over a range of temperatures. points it is often preferable to employ'a substantial degree of draw-down.
  • the materials which have not a sharp melting point can'in general be spun quite readily without substantial draw-down, (i.e. with no more than that caused by the weight of the extruded product) to form heavy bristles.
  • cellulose acetate' is an example of the materials to which the invention'can be applied.
  • the cellulose acetate used may be a fully acetylated or partially deacetylated (e.g. acetone-soluble) product.
  • the material is subjected to a high temperature for only a very short time, it is desirable to take reasonablesteps to stabilise the material against heat-decomposition. Accordingly, when using a partially deacetylated cellulose acetate, it is preferred to use a hot-ripened material, i.e.
  • the material used is preferably one which, after ripening, has been stabilised by heating under pressure with water or very dilute acid When using materials with sharp melting 9. to a temperature substantially above the boiling point at normal pressure of the mixture.
  • cellulose acetate in the case of cellulose acetate to a temperature of 150- 200 for a period of /z to hour.
  • the cellulose acetate may be employed with or without a content of plasticiser such as tricresyl phosphate or diethylhexyl phthalate.
  • the materials employed are supplied for the purpose of the invention in powder form.
  • the size of the powder is not critical so long as it is not too coarse to pass into the layer of material in contact with the heated plate, nor so fine as to clog the apparatus or to give rise to difiiculties in handling through blowing about or being drawn away through the vacuum pipe. It has been found satisfactory to use a powder, the particle diameters of which are of the same order as, and range well below, the diameter of the spinning orifices in the heated plate. Thus, with orifices of a diameter of 0.025 inch it has been found practicable to use a powder which will pass through a gauze having 30 openings per lineal inch but is retained by one having 60 openings per lineal inch.
  • the following are given as examples of the applicaticn of the invention to the production of filaments from powdered cellulose acetate.
  • the temperatures given are those indicated by the thermocouple in the control circuit of Figure 3; the temperature of the material immediately above the jet plate, however, is estimated to be about 20 higher.
  • the tenacities given are in grams per denier:
  • Example III In carrying out Example I, the temperature was raised to 340 C. to give a product with a denier per filament of 21.1, a tenacity of 1.35 and an extension of 30.7%.
  • EXAMPLE IV In carrying out Example III, the rate of drawdown was increased to 50 metres/min. to give a product with a denier per filament of 8.7, a tenacity of 2.41 and an extension of 17.6%.
  • EXAMPLE V 10 of filamentary products from suitable filament-forming materials other than cellulose acetate are given below:
  • Cellulose acetobutyrate of 40.0% acetyl value and 18.1% butyryl value was formed into bristles and fine filaments at 230 300 C.
  • Ethyl cellulose of 45.1% ethoxy content was formed into bristles at 190-220 C., the bristles falling away under their own weight, having a denier ranging from 1300-600 according to the temperature.
  • Benzyl cellulose of about 63% benzoxy content was formed into bristles and into fine filaments at temperatures ranging from -190 C.
  • Polyethylene was formed into bristles at temperatures of 230 C. and was formed into fine filaments at -230 C.
  • Polystyrene was formed into bristles and into fine filaments at 132160 C.
  • Polyhexamethylene adipamide (66 nylon) was formed into fine filaments at temperatures of 245-280 C.
  • Polyaminocaproic acid was formed into fine filaments at temperatures of 210-280 C.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate was formed into bristles and into fine filaments at temperatures of 230-270" C., the powder being heated to 200 C. under vacuum for 15 minutes before use.
  • the polyaminotriazole formed from sebacic dihydrazide and hydrazine was formed into fine filaments at temperatures of 235-265 C. the material being heated under vacuum to 200 C. for 15 minutes before use.
  • the powdered form in which the materials are supplied makes it possible to use mixtures of different materials by mixing together the separately powdered materials or to use mixtures of the powdered filament-forming materials with other materials.
  • a mixture of 95% acetonesoluble cellulose acetate with 5% of the polyaminotriazole mentioned, and a mixture of 50% of cellulose acetate with 50% of 66 nylon, and a mixture of 90% of cellulose acetate and 10% of cellulose propionate of propionyl value 63.4% have been successfully formed into bristles and drawn down into fine filaments.
  • filamentary products exhibiting coloured or other desirable effects can be produced by mixing with the powdered or granular filament-forming material powdered or granular dyestuffs, or white or coloured pigments, or other eifect materials, the added materials being incorporated in the filamentary product as a consequence of the process of their production.
  • a method of producing artificial filamentary prod ucts from powdered fusible filament-forming materials comprising intermittently applying a mechanical pressure to particles of the powdered material on one side of a layer of filament-forming material in contact with a plate having at least one spinning orifice therein so as to urge said powdered material towards said plate, generating heat in the portion of said plate extending across the area of said layer whereby the powdered material in said layer is fused by heat originating in and supplied from said plate, continually supplying fresh powdered material to said layer in the intervals between uccessive applications of said pressure, continuously maintaining a sub-atmospheric pressure of at most 10 pounds per'square inch absolute about the powdered material that has been so supplied, and, both during the application of said pressure and in the intervals between successive-applications, continuously drawing away the fused material through said orifices in the form of filaments.
  • Method according to claim 1 comprising applying the intermittent mechanical pressure simultaneously over substantially the whole area of the layer.
  • a method of producing artificial filamentary products from powdered fusible filament-forming materials comprising intermittently applying a mechanical pressure to particles of the powdered material on one side of a layer of the filament-forming material in contact with a plate having at least one spinning orifice therein so as to urge said powdered material towards said plate, passing an electric heating current through the portion of said plate extending across the area of said layer whereby the powdered material in said layer is fused by heat generated in and supplied from said plate, continually supplying fresh powdered material to said layer in the intervals between successive applications of said pressure, continuously maintaining about the powdered material that has been so supplied a gaseous pressure below 10 lb/sq. inch absolute, and, both during the application of said pressure and in the intervals between successive applications continuously drawing away the fused material through said orifices in the form of filaments.
  • a method of producing artificial filamentary prod ucts from powdered cellulose acetate free from plasticizer comprising intermittently applying a mechanical pressure to particles of the powdered material on one side of a layer of filament-forming material in contact with a plate having at least one spinning orifice therein so as to urge said powdered material towards said plate, passing an electric heating current through the portion of said plate extending acros the area of said layer whereby the powdered material in said layer is fused by heat generated in and supplied from said plate, continually supplying to said layer, in the intervals between successive applications of said pressure fresh powdered cellulose acetate of a particle diameter of the same order as and ranging below the diameter of the spinning orifices in the plate, continuously maintaining about the powdered material that has been so supplied an atmosphere of inert gas at a pressure less than 5 lb./sq. inch absolute, and, both during the application of said pressure and in the intervals between successive applications, continuously drawing away the fused material through said orifice
  • Apparatus for the production of artificial filamentary products from powdered fusible filament-forming materials comprising a substantially closed vessel, aplate in one wall of said vessel having at least one spinning orifice therein, a gas duct communicating with saidwessel, a vacuum pump connected to said gas duct for the exhaustion of said vessel so as to maintain therein a pressuresubstantially below atmospheric pressure, means for passing an electric heating current through the portion of the area of said plate at which said orifices are formed so as to heat said plate to a temperature higher than that of any other part of the apparatus in contact with the filament-forming material, and means for intermittently applying a mechanical pressure at a frequency of at least 3 cycles per second to the particles otxmaterial on that side of a layer of filament-forming material on said plate which is further from said plate, the construction and arrangement being such that fresh powdered material is admitted to said layer, from a portion of said vessel outside of said layer, in the intervals between successive applications of said pressure, to replace material continuously drawn away from said or
  • said means for applying mechanical pressure comprises a ram having a working face acting against the plate and means for longitudinally reciprocating said ram so as to apply the intermittent mechanical pressure.
  • Apparatus according to claim 7 comprising a gland in the wall of the vessel through which the ram passes, said means for reciprocating the ram being outside said vessel.
  • Apparatus according to claim 8 comprising a second ga duct communicating with the vessel through the gland for supplying inert gas to the vessel.
  • said means for applying mechanical pressure comprises a ram having a working face acting against the plate and means within the vessel for longitudinally reciprocating said ram so as to apply the intermittent mechanical pressure.
  • Apparatus for the production of artificial filamentary products from powdered fusible filament-forming materials comprising a substantially closed vessel, an elongated plate in one wall of said vessel having a row of spinning orifice along its length, a gas duct communicating with said vessel, a vacuum pump connected to said gas duct for the exhaustion of said vessel so as to maintain therein a pressure below 5 lb./' sq.
  • means for passing an electric heating current along the length of said plate so as to heat said plate to a temperature higher than that of any other part of the apparatus in contact with the filament-forming material a ram within said vessel, a gland in the wall of said vessel through which said ram passes, a second gas duct communicating with said vessel through said gland for the supply of an inert gas to said vessel, and means outside said vessel for longitudinally reciprocating said ram, said ram having a tip in the form of a foot with a long working edge extending over said row of orifices for intermittently applying a mechanical pressure to the particles of material on that side of a layer of filament-forming material on said plate which is further from said plate, the construction and arrangement being such that fresh powdered material i admitted to said layer, from a portion of said vessel outside of said layer, in the intervals between successive applications of said pressure, to replace material continuously drawn away from said orifices in the form of filaments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US292772A 1950-09-01 1952-06-10 Production of filamentary materials Expired - Lifetime US2888711A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2163650A GB719853A (en) 1950-09-01 1950-09-01 Improvements in or relating to the production of artificial fibres
GB1424651A GB721674A (en) 1950-09-01 1951-06-15 Improvements in the production of filamentary materials

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US2888711A true US2888711A (en) 1959-06-02

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US (1) US2888711A (US06262066-20010717-C00315.png)
BE (1) BE505541A (US06262066-20010717-C00315.png)
DE (1) DE906256C (US06262066-20010717-C00315.png)
FR (1) FR1043186A (US06262066-20010717-C00315.png)
GB (1) GB719860A (US06262066-20010717-C00315.png)
MY (1) MY5500037A (US06262066-20010717-C00315.png)
NL (1) NL86671C (US06262066-20010717-C00315.png)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2955320A (en) * 1957-06-03 1960-10-11 Canadian Celanese Ltd Artificial fiber production
US3134704A (en) * 1960-05-13 1964-05-26 Reichhold Chemicals Inc Method of and apparatus for multiple forming and winding of glass and resin filaments
US3285442A (en) * 1964-05-18 1966-11-15 Dow Chemical Co Method for the extrusion of plastics
US3309436A (en) * 1965-10-21 1967-03-14 Phillips Petroleum Co Extrusion method
US3354250A (en) * 1962-05-09 1967-11-21 Chemcell Ltd Extrusion method and apparatus
US3489831A (en) * 1967-12-01 1970-01-13 Chemcell Ltd Melt extrusion of thermodegradable matter
US4123492A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-10-31 Monsanto Company Nylon 66 spinning process
US4285898A (en) * 1978-09-21 1981-08-25 Akzona Incorporated Process for the manufacture of monofilaments
US4526735A (en) * 1982-02-09 1985-07-02 Teijin Limited Process for producing fibrous assembly
US20050186875A1 (en) * 2004-02-03 2005-08-25 Norfab Corporation Firefighter garment outer shell fabric utilizing core-spun dref yarn
CN103215668A (zh) * 2013-03-21 2013-07-24 浙江宇邦纤维有限公司 一种彩色超细旦涤纶预取向丝的生产方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL85163C (US06262066-20010717-C00315.png) * 1955-02-11 1957-05-15
DE1254283B (de) * 1958-02-21 1967-11-16 Alpine Ag Maschinenfabrik Schmelzspinnvorrichtung fuer die Herstellung von endlosen Fadenbuendeln
DE1191512B (de) * 1959-05-21 1965-04-22 Hoechst Ag Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Faeden oder sonstigen Gebilden aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen
DE4301373C2 (de) * 1993-01-20 1996-01-25 Freudenberg Carl Fa Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Filamenten aus schmelzbarem Material
CN112064124A (zh) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-11 安福风起科技有限公司 一种用于无纺布制造的聚合物喂入机构

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US2033735A (en) * 1933-07-13 1936-03-10 Tennesscc Eastman Corp Molding apparatus
US2217743A (en) * 1939-03-28 1940-10-15 Du Pont Apparatus
US2234986A (en) * 1936-10-13 1941-03-18 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Mechanically drawing fibers
US2253176A (en) * 1938-08-09 1941-08-19 Du Pont Method and apparatus for production of structures
US2273188A (en) * 1939-04-12 1942-02-17 Du Pont Method and apparatus for producing artificial structures
US2294266A (en) * 1941-04-09 1942-08-25 Randolph H Barnard Glass making
US2309496A (en) * 1939-03-02 1943-01-26 Reed Prentice Corp Heating apparatus for injection molding machines
US2336159A (en) * 1938-11-30 1943-12-07 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Method of preparing filaments
US2369506A (en) * 1941-11-15 1945-02-13 Irvington Varnish & Insulator Producing filaments from molten organic compositions
US2445035A (en) * 1944-01-20 1948-07-13 Munger Howard Brandeberry Method of and machine for packing powder for spark plugs

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2033735A (en) * 1933-07-13 1936-03-10 Tennesscc Eastman Corp Molding apparatus
US2234986A (en) * 1936-10-13 1941-03-18 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Mechanically drawing fibers
US2253176A (en) * 1938-08-09 1941-08-19 Du Pont Method and apparatus for production of structures
US2336159A (en) * 1938-11-30 1943-12-07 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Method of preparing filaments
US2309496A (en) * 1939-03-02 1943-01-26 Reed Prentice Corp Heating apparatus for injection molding machines
US2217743A (en) * 1939-03-28 1940-10-15 Du Pont Apparatus
US2273188A (en) * 1939-04-12 1942-02-17 Du Pont Method and apparatus for producing artificial structures
US2294266A (en) * 1941-04-09 1942-08-25 Randolph H Barnard Glass making
US2369506A (en) * 1941-11-15 1945-02-13 Irvington Varnish & Insulator Producing filaments from molten organic compositions
US2445035A (en) * 1944-01-20 1948-07-13 Munger Howard Brandeberry Method of and machine for packing powder for spark plugs

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2955320A (en) * 1957-06-03 1960-10-11 Canadian Celanese Ltd Artificial fiber production
US3134704A (en) * 1960-05-13 1964-05-26 Reichhold Chemicals Inc Method of and apparatus for multiple forming and winding of glass and resin filaments
US3354250A (en) * 1962-05-09 1967-11-21 Chemcell Ltd Extrusion method and apparatus
US3285442A (en) * 1964-05-18 1966-11-15 Dow Chemical Co Method for the extrusion of plastics
US3309436A (en) * 1965-10-21 1967-03-14 Phillips Petroleum Co Extrusion method
US3489831A (en) * 1967-12-01 1970-01-13 Chemcell Ltd Melt extrusion of thermodegradable matter
US4123492A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-10-31 Monsanto Company Nylon 66 spinning process
US4285898A (en) * 1978-09-21 1981-08-25 Akzona Incorporated Process for the manufacture of monofilaments
US4526735A (en) * 1982-02-09 1985-07-02 Teijin Limited Process for producing fibrous assembly
US20050186875A1 (en) * 2004-02-03 2005-08-25 Norfab Corporation Firefighter garment outer shell fabric utilizing core-spun dref yarn
CN103215668A (zh) * 2013-03-21 2013-07-24 浙江宇邦纤维有限公司 一种彩色超细旦涤纶预取向丝的生产方法
CN103215668B (zh) * 2013-03-21 2016-04-27 浙江宇邦纤维有限公司 一种彩色超细旦涤纶预取向丝的生产方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MY5500037A (en) 1955-12-31
FR1043186A (fr) 1953-11-06
NL86671C (US06262066-20010717-C00315.png)
DE906256C (de) 1954-03-11
BE505541A (US06262066-20010717-C00315.png)
GB719860A (en) 1954-12-08

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