US2887830A - Grinding apparatus - Google Patents
Grinding apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2887830A US2887830A US644522A US64452257A US2887830A US 2887830 A US2887830 A US 2887830A US 644522 A US644522 A US 644522A US 64452257 A US64452257 A US 64452257A US 2887830 A US2887830 A US 2887830A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- grinding
- hubs
- wheels
- wheel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
- B24D5/066—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental with segments mounted axially one against the other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B45/00—Means for securing grinding wheels on rotary arbors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
- Y10T409/30—Milling
- Y10T409/309352—Cutter spindle or spindle support
- Y10T409/309408—Cutter spindle or spindle support with cutter holder
Definitions
- This invention relates to apparatus for grinding the surfaces of substantially fiat workpieces, such as metal slabs and the like.
- High carbon steel, stainless steel and many spec1al alloy slabs have to be skin ground to remove surface defects before they can be rerolled, hammered or forged.
- This grinding is generally done by a grinding wheel turmng on an axis extending in the direction in which the work piece or wheel is moved. It will therefore be seen that if the grinding is very shallow, only a very narrow strlp will be ground during each pass over the work, so there is a tendency to grind more deeply in order to cover a wider path during each pass. Deep grinding has the d1sadvantage of leaving a feather-edge ridge between passes, which then has to be ground to remove it to prevent possible spoiling the surface of the material when the slab is reworked.
- a rotary shaft extends diagonally across a bed for a substantially flat workpiece.
- Means are provided for effecting relative movement between the shaft and bed lengthwise of the bed.
- Rigidly mounted on the shaft is a plurality of grinding wheels disposed in axially spaced relation so that they will grind parallel paths along the workpiece.
- the spacing of the wheels is such that the paths will overlap along their adjoining edges and will have a combined width greater than the width of the single path that would be ground to the same depth by the same wheels if the shaft extended lengthwise of the bed.
- a pair of spaced hubs may be slidably mounted on the shaft in engagement with the opposite sides of each wheel.
- Each hub has an annular shoulder projecting into the adjoining wheel to support the wheel.
- One of the outer hubs is positively rotated by the shaft.
- the two inner hubs are held apart by spacing means, and the spacing means and hubs are all forced toward one another by means mounted on the shaft, whereby to clamp them together.
- the spacing means and inner hubs are provided with interengaging sockets and laterally projecting pins to hold them against rotation relative to one another.
- FIG. 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a pair ofgrinding wheels grinding a slab on a bed;
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged axial section through the wheels and their supports; and I i Fig. 3 is a reduced cross section taken on the line III- III of Fig. 2.
- a substantially fiat workpiece 1, such as a thick metal slab is supported by a suitable bed beneath a pair of grinding wheels 3 and 4.
- the wheels are mounted on a rotary shaft 5 that is driven at high speed by an electric motor (not shown) in a well-known manner.
- Any suitable means is provided for reciprocating either the shaft or the bed in a direction lengthwise of the slab.
- the drawing indicates that it is the bed that is moving lengthwise to carry the slab in the same direction beneath the grinding wheels.
- the rotary shaft extends diagonally across the bed, and that the grinding wheels are spaced apart along the shaft a predetermined distance, depending on the angle of the shaft relative to the bed.
- the wheel spacing and the shaft angle should be so related that the adjoining edges of the two paths ground along the slab by the wheels will overlap, but only slightly.
- the combined width of the two paths should be materially greater than the width of the single path that would be ground by the same wheels in tandem in case the shaft extended lengthwise of the bed.
- each wheel must grind on both sides of a vertical plane extending lengthwise of the slab through the axis of the shaft midway between the two wheels, but each wheel should grind only a very short distance on one side of that line if the widest possible surface is to be ground during each pass.
- the combined width of the paths ground by the two wheels in one pass is 50% wider than the path that would be ground if the shaft extended lengthwise of the slab, unless the slab were ground much deeper, which would be entirely impractical.
- the shaft extended transversely of the slab at right angles to it it would have to be provided with a very thick wheel-to grind such a wide path. Awheel of that s ze would overheat and clog up and 'glazein a very short time.
- Each grinding wheel is spaced from the drive shaft, but is supported in proper position thereon, by a pair of hubs slidably mounted on the shaft.
- the hubs 6, 7, 8 and 9 are provided with annular shoulders 10 that project into the wheels to center them on the shaft. The marginal portions of the hubs beyond the shoulders overlap the sides of the wheels and frictionally engage them.
- spacers are placed between the inner hubs 7 and 8. Each spacer is in the form of a disc 12, the marginal portion of which flares out, so that its maximum thickness is at its outer edge.
- the central portions of the discs are preferably provided with large circular shallow recesses 13 to space them from the inner hubs, which likewise may be provided with similar recesses. These recesses prevent any foreign particlesthat' may lodge between the discs and hubs from .holdingthem. apart.
- hubs and discs are clamped tightly together and against the wheels by caps 14 and 15 engaging the outer hubs 6 and 9.
- the inner cap-14 is keyed or'otherwise rigidly mounted on the shaft so'that' it will have to turn with it.
- the other: cap is pressed against outer hub 9 by a nut 16 screwed onto the projecting end of the shaft.
- hub 6 adjoining the inner cap 14 is provided with circumferentially spaced pins 17 that project laterally into sockets 18 in the cap. Preferably, there are three pins spaced 120 apart.
- Inner hub 7 is provided with similar pins 19 that project into, sockets 20 in the adjoining disc 12, while the other disc has like sockets for receiving pins 21 projecting from the first disc.
- the pins on the second disc project into sockets 22 in the adjoining hub 8. Consequently, there can be no rotation between the spacers and the inner hubs, and. as the hubs willv not slip on the rough surface of the grinding wheels, no rotation of the drive shaft will be imparted through the inner grinding wheel 3 to the outer grinding wheel.
- either or bothspacers can be removed in order to permit the two wheels to be placed closer together, or additional spacers canbe used for spacing the wheels farther apart.
- this invention is not limited to two grinding wheels, as more may be used when it is feasible to grind a still wider area during each pass, or when narrower wheels are employed.
- said spacing means including a disc encircling said shaft, the disc having its maximum thickness at its outer edge.
- each hub having an annular shoulder projecting into the adjoining wheel to support it, a spacing disc mounted on said shaft between the two inner hubs, the marginal portion of the disc tapering toward the center of the disc, the disc being provided with a plurality of sockets and laterally projecting pins, the inner hub adjacent said pins having pin-receiving sockets, the other inner hub having pins projecting into said disc sockets, and means mounted on the shaft forcing said spacing disc and hubs toward one another to clampthem together.
- each wheel means connecting one of the outer hubs to the shaft for positive rotation thereby, each hub having an annular shoulder projecting into the adjoining wheel to support it, a spacing disc mounted on said shaft between the two inner hubs, the central portions of the opposite sides of the disc being provided with circular recesses, the marginal portion of the discs between said recesses and the periphery of the disc being tapered inwardly, and means mounted on the shaft forcing said disc and hubs toward one another to clamp them together, the disc and hubs being provided with interengaging sockets and laterally projecting pins to hold them against rotation relative to one another.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Description
May 26, 1959 H. c. ELSE GRINDING APPARATUS Filed March 7, 1957 IN VEN TOR.
BY find/MAM .GRINDING APPARATUS Harry C. Else, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Application March 7, 1957, Serial No. 644,522
4 Claims. (Cl. 51-168) This invention relates to apparatus for grinding the surfaces of substantially fiat workpieces, such as metal slabs and the like.
High carbon steel, stainless steel and many spec1al alloy slabs have to be skin ground to remove surface defects before they can be rerolled, hammered or forged. This grinding is generally done by a grinding wheel turmng on an axis extending in the direction in which the work piece or wheel is moved. It will therefore be seen that if the grinding is very shallow, only a very narrow strlp will be ground during each pass over the work, so there is a tendency to grind more deeply in order to cover a wider path during each pass. Deep grinding has the d1sadvantage of leaving a feather-edge ridge between passes, which then has to be ground to remove it to prevent possible spoiling the surface of the material when the slab is reworked. Also, deep grinding removes too much material when expensive alloys are being ground. If the axis of the grinding wheel extends transversely of the grinding path, a wide shallow path can be ground by using a wide grinding wheel. However, such a wheel is not practical because under the necessary high pressures and high speeds, the wider the wheel, the more heat it retains and the hotter it gets. As the wheel heats up, it tends to clog up and glaze on its surface. This means that either grinding becomes inefficient or else there has to be a shut-down while the wheel is dressed.
It is among the objects of this invention to provide grinding apparatus, with which a wide path can be ground along the surface of a metal slab during each pass without grinding'deep and without overheating the grinding wheel.
According to this invention, a rotary shaft extends diagonally across a bed for a substantially flat workpiece. Means are provided for effecting relative movement between the shaft and bed lengthwise of the bed. Rigidly mounted on the shaft is a plurality of grinding wheels disposed in axially spaced relation so that they will grind parallel paths along the workpiece. The spacing of the wheels is such that the paths will overlap along their adjoining edges and will have a combined width greater than the width of the single path that would be ground to the same depth by the same wheels if the shaft extended lengthwise of the bed. To hold and position the Wheels on the shaft, a pair of spaced hubs may be slidably mounted on the shaft in engagement with the opposite sides of each wheel. Each hub has an annular shoulder projecting into the adjoining wheel to support the wheel. One of the outer hubs is positively rotated by the shaft. The two inner hubs are held apart by spacing means, and the spacing means and hubs are all forced toward one another by means mounted on the shaft, whereby to clamp them together. The spacing means and inner hubs are provided with interengaging sockets and laterally projecting pins to hold them against rotation relative to one another.
The preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
United States Paten' o v PatentedM f 9 Fig. 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a pair ofgrinding wheels grinding a slab on a bed; I
Fig. 2 is an enlarged axial section through the wheels and their supports; and I i Fig. 3 is a reduced cross section taken on the line III- III of Fig. 2.
Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a substantially fiat workpiece 1, such as a thick metal slab is supported by a suitable bed beneath a pair of grinding wheels 3 and 4. The wheels are mounted on a rotary shaft 5 that is driven at high speed by an electric motor (not shown) in a well-known manner. Any suitable means is provided for reciprocating either the shaft or the bed in a direction lengthwise of the slab. The drawing indicates that it is the bed that is moving lengthwise to carry the slab in the same direction beneath the grinding wheels. I
It is a feature of this invention that the rotary shaft extends diagonally across the bed, and that the grinding wheels are spaced apart along the shaft a predetermined distance, depending on the angle of the shaft relative to the bed. The wheel spacing and the shaft angle should be so related that the adjoining edges of the two paths ground along the slab by the wheels will overlap, but only slightly. At the same time, in order to gain any advantage from this invention, the combined width of the two paths should be materially greater than the width of the single path that would be ground by the same wheels in tandem in case the shaft extended lengthwise of the bed. For the two paths to'overlap, each wheel must grind on both sides of a vertical plane extending lengthwise of the slab through the axis of the shaft midway between the two wheels, but each wheel should grind only a very short distance on one side of that line if the widest possible surface is to be ground during each pass.
Even with only a 30 shaft angle, as shown in the drawings, the combined width of the paths ground by the two wheels in one pass is 50% wider than the path that would be ground if the shaft extended lengthwise of the slab, unless the slab were ground much deeper, which would be entirely impractical. On the other hand, if the shaft extended transversely of the slab at right angles to it, it would have to be provided with a very thick wheel-to grind such a wide path. Awheel of that s ze would overheat and clog up and 'glazein a very short time. By using two narrow wheels spaced apart and disposed at an angle to the direction of grinding, a wide path can be ground without grinding deep and without overheating the wheels. When the shaft is at a 45 angle to the bed, the grinding wheels can be spaced even farther apart and a still wider area can be ground.
Each grinding wheel is spaced from the drive shaft, but is supported in proper position thereon, by a pair of hubs slidably mounted on the shaft. As shown in Fig. 2, the hubs 6, 7, 8 and 9 are provided with annular shoulders 10 that project into the wheels to center them on the shaft. The marginal portions of the hubs beyond the shoulders overlap the sides of the wheels and frictionally engage them. To permit the wheels to be spaced farther apart than the hubs will space them, depending on their diameter and the angle of the supporting shaft, spacers are placed between the inner hubs 7 and 8. Each spacer is in the form of a disc 12, the marginal portion of which flares out, so that its maximum thickness is at its outer edge. Consequently, when the hubs and discs are clamped together, the greatest pressure is exerted at their outer faces so that the hubs will be pressed tightly against the sides of the grinding Wheels. The central portions of the discs are preferably provided with large circular shallow recesses 13 to space them from the inner hubs, which likewise may be provided with similar recesses. These recesses prevent any foreign particlesthat' may lodge between the discs and hubs from .holdingthem. apart.
The hubs and discs are clamped tightly together and against the wheels by caps 14 and 15 engaging the outer hubs 6 and 9. The inner cap-14 is keyed or'otherwise rigidly mounted on the shaft so'that' it will have to turn with it. The other: cap, is pressed against outer hub 9 by a nut 16 screwed onto the projecting end of the shaft. To insure that rotation. of thedrive shaft willbe transmitted to the grinding wheels without slippage, hub 6 adjoining the inner cap 14 is provided with circumferentially spaced pins 17 that project laterally into sockets 18 in the cap. Preferably, there are three pins spaced 120 apart. Inner hub 7 is provided with similar pins 19 that project into, sockets 20 in the adjoining disc 12, while the other disc has like sockets for receiving pins 21 projecting from the first disc. The pins on the second disc project into sockets 22 in the adjoining hub 8. Consequently, there can be no rotation between the spacers and the inner hubs, and. as the hubs willv not slip on the rough surface of the grinding wheels, no rotation of the drive shaft will be imparted through the inner grinding wheel 3 to the outer grinding wheel. It will be seen that either or bothspacers can be removed in order to permit the two wheels to be placed closer together, or additional spacers canbe used for spacing the wheels farther apart. Also, this invention is not limited to two grinding wheels, as more may be used when it is feasible to grind a still wider area during each pass, or when narrower wheels are employed.
According to the provisions of the patent statutes, 1 have explained the principle of my invention and have illustrated and described what I now consider to represent its best embodiment. However, I desire to have it understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described.
I claim:
1. In grinding apparatus having a rotary shaft extending diagonally across a bed for a substantially flat workpiece, a pair of annular grinding wheels encircling the shaft and spaced therefrom, a pair of spaced hubs slidably mounted. on the shaft in engagement with the opposite sides of each wheel, means connecting one of the outer hubs to the-shaft for positive rotation thereby, each hub having an annular shoulder projecting into the adjoining wheel to support it, spacing means between the two inner hubs, and means mounted on the shaft forcing said spacing means and hubs toward one another to clamp them together, the spacing means and inner hubs being. provided, with interengaging sockets and. laterally projecting pins to hold them against rotation relative to one another.
2. In grinding apparatus according to claim 1, said spacing means including a disc encircling said shaft, the disc having its maximum thickness at its outer edge.
3. In grinding apparatus having a rotary shaft extending diagonally across a bed for a substantially flat workpiece, a pair of annular grinding wheels encircling the shaft and, spaced therefrom, a pair of spaced hubs slidably mounted on the shaft in engagement with the opposite sides of each wheel, means connecting one of the outer hubs to. the shaft for positive rotation thereby, each hub having an annular shoulder projecting into the adjoining wheel to support it, a spacing disc mounted on said shaft between the two inner hubs, the marginal portion of the disc tapering toward the center of the disc, the disc being provided with a plurality of sockets and laterally projecting pins, the inner hub adjacent said pins having pin-receiving sockets, the other inner hub having pins projecting into said disc sockets, and means mounted on the shaft forcing said spacing disc and hubs toward one another to clampthem together.
4. In grinding apparatus having a rotary shaft extending diagonally across a bed for a substantially flat workpiece, a pair of annular grinding wheels encircling the shaft and spaced therefrom, a pair of spaced hubs slidably mounted on the shaft in engagement with the opposite sides of. each wheel, means connecting one of the outer hubs to the shaft for positive rotation thereby, each hub having an annular shoulder projecting into the adjoining wheel to support it, a spacing disc mounted on said shaft between the two inner hubs, the central portions of the opposite sides of the disc being provided with circular recesses, the marginal portion of the discs between said recesses and the periphery of the disc being tapered inwardly, and means mounted on the shaft forcing said disc and hubs toward one another to clamp them together, the disc and hubs being provided with interengaging sockets and laterally projecting pins to hold them against rotation relative to one another.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,491,515 Chase Apr. 22, 1924 1,722,724 Wegner July 30, 1929 1,878,415 Legge Sept. 20, 1932
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US644522A US2887830A (en) | 1957-03-07 | 1957-03-07 | Grinding apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US644522A US2887830A (en) | 1957-03-07 | 1957-03-07 | Grinding apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2887830A true US2887830A (en) | 1959-05-26 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US644522A Expired - Lifetime US2887830A (en) | 1957-03-07 | 1957-03-07 | Grinding apparatus |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1196535B (en) * | 1960-10-10 | 1965-07-08 | Mohr & Federhaff Ag | Pendulum coarse grinding machine |
DE1273360B (en) * | 1960-11-03 | 1968-07-18 | Karl Berstecher | Roughing and pendulum grinding roller |
DE8706214U1 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-08-11 | Wernicke & Co GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Grinding wheels of a spectacle lens edge grinding machine combined to form a grinding wheel package |
US5020280A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1991-06-04 | Oreilly Gerard | Grinding tool and spacer assembly for use therein |
EP0865877A2 (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1998-09-23 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Grinding wheel |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1491515A (en) * | 1921-03-29 | 1924-04-22 | Elroy A Chase | Stone-finishing machine |
US1722724A (en) * | 1927-03-26 | 1929-07-30 | Wegner Julius | Machine for treating stone |
US1878415A (en) * | 1928-10-30 | 1932-09-20 | Peter S Legge | Tool for cutting stone |
-
1957
- 1957-03-07 US US644522A patent/US2887830A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1491515A (en) * | 1921-03-29 | 1924-04-22 | Elroy A Chase | Stone-finishing machine |
US1722724A (en) * | 1927-03-26 | 1929-07-30 | Wegner Julius | Machine for treating stone |
US1878415A (en) * | 1928-10-30 | 1932-09-20 | Peter S Legge | Tool for cutting stone |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1196535B (en) * | 1960-10-10 | 1965-07-08 | Mohr & Federhaff Ag | Pendulum coarse grinding machine |
DE1273360B (en) * | 1960-11-03 | 1968-07-18 | Karl Berstecher | Roughing and pendulum grinding roller |
DE8706214U1 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-08-11 | Wernicke & Co GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Grinding wheels of a spectacle lens edge grinding machine combined to form a grinding wheel package |
US5020280A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1991-06-04 | Oreilly Gerard | Grinding tool and spacer assembly for use therein |
EP0865877A2 (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1998-09-23 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Grinding wheel |
EP0865877A3 (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-02-03 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Grinding wheel |
US5997387A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-12-07 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Grinding wheel with at least two wheel cores for circumferential grinding |
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