US2870750A - Fluid heater walls - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 27, 1959 1. 1 LANGVAND FLUID HEATER WALLS 4 Sheets-Sheet l Original Filed Nov. 13, 1946 INVENTOR J/af .l an Wm/ ATTORNEY fig] Jan. 27, 1959 l. L. LANGVAND 2,870,750

FLUID HEATER WALLS I Original Filed Nov. 13, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR lvl/arl. l angl/and ATTO R N EY Jan. 27, 1959 l. l.. LANGVAND FLUID HEATER WALLS 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed Nov. 13, 1946 Jan. 27, 1959 l. L. LANGVAND FLUID HEATER wALLs 4 sheets-sheet 4 Original Filed Nov. 15, 1946 INVENTOR fl/azl. [angl/and BY TORNEY United States Patent O FLUID HEATER WALLS Ivar L. Langvand, Barberton, Ohio, assignor to The Babcock & Wilcox Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Original application November 13, 1946, Serial No. 709,568, now Patent No. 2,655,238, dated October 13, 1953. Divided and this application October 8, 1953, Serial No. 384,989

9 Claims. (Cl. 122-6) The invention herein disclosed relates to wall constructions adapted for use in fluid heaters of various arrangements, particularly those in which outer fluid cooled walls are to be maintained substantially gas-tight under Varying temperature conditions. The invention is therefore especially useful in the construction `of fluid heater walls by which heating gases are confined and directed including, for example, the outer enclosingwalls of fuel-fired furnaces with which the lluid heating structure is associated.

In accordance with the invention, the fluid heater walls suitably include wall casings of relatively low material cost, utilizing for example panels of relatively thin plates or sheets which are supported in a manner facilitating their removal and reassembly when access is to be had to interior portions of the apparatus. Means are provided for maintaining the casing substantially gas-tight at varying operating temperatures while permitting adequate expansive and contractive movement of component parts without distortion. Suitably, the wall casing is of paneled arrangement and formed with separately expansible cas ing sections which are supported on fluid heating tubes and formed with a gas-tight seal between adjoining sections.

The present application is a division of lmy copending application Serial No. 709,568, led November 13, 1946, now Patent No. 2,655,238.

The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specic objects attained by its use, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which a specific embodiment of the invention is illustrated and described.

Of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevational view of a vapor generating unit having fluid cooled walls constructed in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary/'isometric view of the unit in Fig. 1, showing features of the exterior casing;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary enlargement of Fig. 1 showing details of the wall construction adjacent a gas flow passage;

Figs. 4 and 5 are enlarged sections taken along lines 4 4 and 5-5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary enlargement of Fig. 1 showing details of the wall construction adjacentthe combustion chamber; and,

Fig. 7 is an enlarged plan section taken along line 7-7 of Fig. 6 showing wall details adjacent a corner of the setting and along adjoining walls.l

As illustrated, the invention is shown in connection with a steam generating unit or boiler of the type disclosed in my application Serial No. 653,843, led March l2, 1946, now Patent 2,633,831, wherein fuel is burned in a tluid cooled combustion chamber 12 and the resulting hot gases are directed laterally around one end of a partition wall 13 into and through a uid cooled gas passage 14 in contact with a main bank of boiler tubes 1S having opposite ends connected to upper and lower boiler drums 16 and 17, the cooled gases being discharged through a suitable gas outlet as described in the aforesaid patent. A soot hopper 18 having a plurality of discharge spouts 19 is arranged beneath passage 14 as a receptacle for solids separated from the gases during their flow through the passage.

As further disclosed in said patent the boiler setting is generally rectangular in horizontal cross section and comprises'fluid cooled front, rear and side walls which, in the unit as herein illustrated, include the fluid cooled side wall 21 having tubes 21a therein and constituting a boundary wall of the combustion chamber or furnace 12, and the fluid cooled side wall 23 having tubes 23a therein and constituting a boundary wall of gas passage 14, the walls 21 and 23 having upper end portions extended toward drum 16 to which the upper ends of the associated wall tubes 21a and 23a are connected, as shown in Fig. 1, to form the upper enclosing wall or roof.

The entire weight lof the unit is supported on a framelike structure disposed below the level of boiler drum 17, substantially in accordance with the disclosure in U. S. Patent 2,583,599, January 29, 1952, the lower drum y17 being seated at each end in a saddle 24 supported on side frame member 25, and lluid cooled walls of the setting being laterally supported by combination tie-bar and buckstay units 26 and 27 arranged at ditierent elevations; the upper buckstay unit 26 extending completely around the setting and engaging all four Walls, and the lower buckstay unit 27 at approximately mud drum level engaging the front, the rear, and one side wall 21 and terminating in ends secured to lower drum 17; the individual buckstay units or assemblies in adjoining walls being connected together at the corners of the setting so as to coordinate expansion and contraction `of the respective walls; and the walls of combustion chamber 12 being vertically supported at substantially mud drum level by.` columns which transmit the weight to the supporting frame structure; for example, as herein illustrated for side wall 21, a column 28, illustrative of a plurality of such columns, being pivotally connected at its upper end to the lower tiebar and buckstay assembly 27 and at its lower end to a side frame member 29.

The side walls and roof of the setting are enclosed in la metal casing 31 of novel construction comprising a plurality of separate plate members 32 having their adjacent edge portions clamped between inner and outer batten members 34 and 35 in a manner to be more fully described, certain portions of the casing being extended outwardly to form a housing 36 for the upper buckstay unit 26, and a housing 37 for the lower buckstay unit 27 and supporting columns 28. Each of the enclosing walls includes one or more layers of wall insulating material 38 suitably applied to the associated wall or roof tubes inwardly of the metal casing 31.

In side wall 23 adjoining the gas passage 14, the spaced upright wall tubes 23a are bonded together throughout the row by means of continuous tie-bar 39 suitably secured thereto by means such as studs 41 welded to each tube and fitted with nuts 42, the studs 41 extending through channel-section spacer members 43 p between which an inner heat refractory layer of the material 38 may be installed. The buckstay unit 26A for wall 23 comprises continuous channel members 45 arranged back-to-back and tied in to tie-bar 39 by a series of angle-form tie-bar clips 46 spaced at intervals throughout the horizontal extent of the wall, each clip 46 having its horizontal leg assembled between the pair of buckstay channels 45 and secured to web portions thereof by bolt 47, its vertical leg being secured to tie-bar 39 and to tubes 23a by studs 41, with a pipe spacer 43 interposed between the upper end of each clip 46 and the associated channel spacer 43. Continuous angle bars 4% are secured to the upper and lower sides of buckstay 26A to provide support for the corresponding upper and lower sections 31A rand 31B yof casing 31, such bars 49 being secured bythe same bolts 47 as for successive tie-oar clips 46.

In the upper casing section 31A, the casing pla-te members 32 `are installed in la row against horizontally spaced batten bars 34 which overlap the edges of each pair of adjacent plates or sheets 32 at their inner sides, each batten bar 34 having its bottom end supported on a clip angle 52 to which the associated bar is welded as at 53, or otherwise suitably secured, and each clip angle 52 being secured to the upper continuous `angle bar 49 by bolts 54 which extend through slotted holes 56 in each clip angle to provide a vertically expansible connection. A tlller lbar 51 is welded to the horizontal leg of each clip angle 52 to close the gap between the clip angles and the flange of upper buckstay channel 45 when channels of lthe smaller sizes are used, thereby providing positive support for the clip angles while maintaining the desired clearances between bolts 54 and the ends of slotted holes 56. At the outer sides of the row of plates 32 the adjacent edge portions of each pair of plates are clamped against hatten bars 34 by outer batten members 35 which are held in clamping position by bolts 57 threaded into the inner batten members 34, as detailed in Fig. 4. Individual casing plates 32 are of widths providing an expansion space between the adjacent upright edges of each pair of plates in the row, additional to the space required for accommodation of the clamping bolts 57.

Each hatten member 35 is suitably in the fornr of a channel having its ilanges 58 symmetrically positioned with respect to the width of the corresponding inner batten barv 34 land contacting adjacent plate members 32 at locations beyond the side edges of bar 34. As an example of suitable relative dimensions, for casing plates or sheets of No. l0 gauge thickness, the inner batten member 34 may be a bar 2%, inches wide, and the outer batteri member 35 a 3-inch, S-pound, stand-ard channel. As a result of the relative sizes and positioning of the corresponding batten bars and channels, the force exerted by a channel 35, for example, is concentrated against an edge portion of a sheet 32 at a location offset from the location at which the opposing force exerted by bar 34 is applied. A force couple is thereby created adjacent one edge of the sheet which, in conjunction with suitable support of the sheet along its opposite edge, causes the given sheet 32 to be sprung inwardly, that is, toward the side of batten bars 34, and, as a result of the exure, the sheet becomes slightly curved throughout its width so that its rigidity is considerably increased. Thus, a relatively thinv gauge panel 32, when assembled as described, is made the equivalent of a much thicker gauge panel insofar as stiness is concerned. The resilient exure of the sheet also results in tighter engagement of the sheet with`wall insulation 38, while the increased stiffness substantially obviates Vibration and drumming. The upper end of each side wall batten bar 34 overlaps the downwardly extending anged end 62 of la similar hatten bar 34 associated with the roof casing section 23R, each side w'all bar 34 being secured to the corresponding roof bar 34 by a bolt 63 for which the bolt hole` in bar 34 is slotted to permit relative vertical expansion. A continuous collector bar 64 is secured to roof bars 34 by bolts 65 and serves to maintain both the roof bars 34 and side wall bars 34 in predetermined spaced relation adjacent their junct'ures. The upper edges of side wall casing plates 32 are clamped against collector bar 64 by a continuous collector channel 67 which is held in clamping position by bolts 68 threaded into the bar 64. The roof bars 34 have their ends adjacent drum i6 held in substantially xed relation to said drum by suitable known means, not shown, and thus provide restraint against lateral movement of the side Wall casing structure which is connected thereto. `The roof casing plate members 32 are clamped -between the roof batten members 34 and 35 which are symmetrically positioned and bear the same dimensional relationship to each other as the corresponding members 34 and 35 in side wall 23, the casing members 32 in the tirst or outer row being secured by bolts 69 to collector channel 67.

For the lower casing section 31B the clip angles 52 are connected to the lower side ofbuckstay 26A in the -mJanner described for the attachment of clip angles 52 to the upper side except with respect to the vertical clearances provided between bolts 54 and the ends of slotted clip angle holes 56, as indicated in Fig. 5, where,

in the case of the upper assembly the greater clearance is provided adjacent the lower end of each bolt hole and in the case of the lower. assembly isprovided adjacent the upper end of each' bolt hole. In the lower casing section 31B, the batten bars 34 are connected at their upper ends to clip angles 52 by welds 53, while at their lower ends are welded or otherwise 'connected tothe relatively stationary external metal pllate 72 of soot hopper 18 and thus maintained in substantially iixed position.

,The gas-tight housing 36 connecting the upper and lower sections 31A and 31B, respectively, comprises a transversely continuous wrapper plate 59 in the form of a trough or channel enclosing the upper, lower, and outer sides of buckstay unit 26A, the wrapper plate having an integral flange 61 along each of its upper and lower edges in contact with panel plates 32 in `the respective adjoining casing sections 31A and 31B. The housing flanges 61 are assembled inwardly of casing plates 32 Yinfboth sections and thus between the casing plates 32 and hatten bars 34 where they are held in sealing contact with plates 32 by the clamping action of hatten channels 35. The wrapper plate 59 is suitably formed of relatively thin gauge metal preferably of a thickness less than the thickness of the'main casing plates, for example, of No. 16 gauge as compared with a No. 10 gauge thickness of casing plates 32, thereby providing adegree of exibility enabling the housing to perform its function as an expansible breather connection between adjacent casing sections without disrupting the integrity of the seal. Although the assembly of anges 61 between plates 32 and hatten, bars 34 in each of sections 31A and 31B results in a slight separation between the plates and bars, for a limited distance above and below'the edges of flanges 61,' the channel members 35 still bear against the outer surfaces of plates 32 throughout their heights and any disadvantageous impairment of the -seal is thereby avoided.

When it is necessary to form the housing orwrapper plate v59 in two or more sections because of the length of buckstay involved, the adjacent edges of each pair of housing plate sections, such as 59a and 59h, are overlapped interiorly by straight bars 101 at theupperjlower and outer sides, and exteriorly by an angle bar 102 at the upper and outer sides and by a straight bar 103 at the under side, each inner bar 101 being permanently secured to one of theadjacent sections to facilitate assembly, and the-interiorand exterior sets of bars being held in clamping position by bolts 104 as indicated,

In the opposite side wall 21, the tubes 21a are installed in tube-to-tube relation which reduces the thickness of wall insulation 38 required and thus enables the tie-bar 39 to be mounted directly on wall tubes, as shown, instead of being spaced therefrom, as in wall 23; otherwise, the tie-bar and buckstay assembly 26B is essentially a duplication of the corresponding assembly 26A described for side wall 23. The upper casing section 31C for side wall 21 is also, in all essential respects, a duplication of the corresponding upper casing section 31A for side wall 23, including the juncture with roof section 21R which at an intermediate position includes an I-beam stiiener member 73 as a substitute for one of the roof batten bars 34. Roof plates 32 are clamped against the upper ange of member 73, by a batten channel 35, in the same manner and with the same eifect as against each batten bar 34.

The lower section of casing 31 for side wall 21 comprises an intermediate section 31D between buckstay housings 36 and 37, and a bottom section 31E forming part of the lower housing 37. The intermediate casing section 31D is supported on clip angles 52 bolted to the upper side of buckstay 27, each batten bar 34 for this section 31D having a welded connection S3 with a clip angle 52 attached to the upper buckstay 26B and extending downwardly within housing 37 to a similar welded connection 53 with its bottom-supporting clip angle 52 which is bolted to buckstay 27. Each such batten bar 34 is secured to a stiifener angle bar 74 by bolts 75, and each bar 74 braced from the lower buckstay unit 27 by a diagonally positioned bar 76 secured by bolt 78 to stiffener bar 74 and to the buckstay web by Weld 79. The tiebar 81 associated with the lower buckstay assembly 27 is mounted directly on wall tubes 21a, and wall weight transmitted therefom through pivoted columns 28 to the foundation structure as hereinbefore mentioned.

The buckstay housing 36, which forms an expansible gas-tight connection between casing sections 31C and 31D, is a duplicate of the corresponding housing 36 in side wall 23 as previously described; in wall 21, the housing wrapper plate 59 having its upper and lower anges 61 similarly assembled in overlapping relation to the adjacent ends of casing plate members 32 and the flanges clamped between such plate ends and batten bars 34 in the respective casing sections to form a seal.

The lowermost casing section 31E includes inner and outer batten members 34 and 35 of the same form and arrangement as described for other casing sections. The lower ends of batten bars 34 in section 31E are maintained stationary by welds, or other suitable form of attachment, to a part of the foundation structure such as side member 29. A horizontal casing section 31H connecting the upright casing sections 31D and 31E includes bars 82 having outer end flanges 83 which are connected by bolts 84 to the upper ends of batten bars 34 associated with the bottom casing section 31E, the inner ends of bars 82 being individually secured as by bolts 85 to the corresponding stiener bars 74 and thus form a rigid assembly with the batten bars 34 of the` intermediate casing section 31D. A collector bar 86 is secured by bolts 87 to the anges 83 of bars 82 and serves as an inner transverse batten member against which the upper ends of casing plates 32 are clamped by a collector channel 89 held in clamping position by bolts 91. Horizontally disposed casing plates 32 are supported on bars 82 with adjacent edges of each pair of plates laid over an inner hatten bar 82 so as to be overlapped thereby, and each two such edges clamped in position yby an outer batten bar 92 secured by bolts 93 to bar 82 and collector channel 89. The horizontal casing plates 32 are formed along their inner edges with an upstanding flange 94 which is clamped between the casing plate members 32 and batten bars 34 of intermediate section 31D, and along their outer edges with a depending flange 95 which is clamped between collector bar 86 and collector channel 89 at the adjacent a corner of the setting where casing 31 is spaced from the rows of side wall tubes 21a and rear wall tubes 22a to allow for the required thickness of wall insulation 38. End plates 32a in both walls are joined by a weld 96 along their meeting edges, and further are welded at 97 to the legs of stiffener angle bar 98, thereby providing a corner seal and affording rigidity to the casing at the juncture of two walls.

Walls constructed in accordance with the described invention thus include a number of desirable features such as the provision of a gas-tight enclosure orcasing while allowing freedom of movement of associated wall elements due to thermal expansion and contraction including, for example, heat transfer tubes by which the casing is supported; provision being also made for relative expansion and contraction` of casing plate members in adjacent panels, and for movement of one casing section relative to another. The panel construction of casing is also advantageous from an economical standpoint -in `that commercially available plain metal plates or sheets may be utilized directly in the assembly without preliminary fabrication as usually required. In the present contruction, such operations as forming, machining and welding are limited mainly to the fabrication of panel wall elements by which the casing plate members are supported and held in operative position, thereby making it possible to construct the 4casing at reduced cost without sacricing quality of construction as determined by its continued gas-tightness and pleasing appearance in service.

It is to be understood that in the present specification, the term plate members as applied to elements of the casing, and particularly as used in the claims, is intended to cover members that are commercially known as plates and sheets l While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes there is illustrated and described herein a Specific form of the invention those skilled in the art will understand that changes may be made'in the form of the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of the invention covered by the claims, and that certain features of the invention may sometimes be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

I claim: v

1. In a combination including an upright wall and an adjoining upper wall extending laterally therefrom, a row of Huid heating tubes having upright portions associated with said upright wall and having laterally extending upper portions associated with said adjoining wall, said tubes being vertically supported at their lower endS and being expansible in length toward higher elevations, means laterally4 supporting said tubes comprising a horizontally disposed buckstay unit connected to said upright tube portions at an elevation above said elevation of vertical support, said buckstay unit being formed of a pair of channel members arranged back-to-back in vertically spaced relation, with angle-bar clips each having one leg assembled between said members and its other leg secured to tubes of said row, a casing section laterally spaced from said tubes and comprising a plurality of separate vertically disposed metallic plate members in panel arrangement,y a supporting framework for said plate members comprising horizontally spaced upright batten bars having their lower ends supportingly connected to said buckstay unit, means for restraining lateral movement of said framework at its upper end comprising other horizontally spaced batten bars associated with said adjoining upper wall and having vertically slidable connections with upper portions of said rst named bars, and means for removably clamping adjacent lateral edge portions of a pair of said casing plate members .against each of said vfirst named bars.

2. In a wall including a row of upright fluid heating tubes vertically supported at one elevation and expansible in lengthtoward higher elevations, means laterally supporting said tubes comprising a horizontally disposed buckstay unit connected to said tubes at an elevation upwardly displaced from said elevation of vertical support, an upright casing section laterally spaced from said tubes and having its lower end adjacent said elevation of lateral support, said casing section comprising separate metallic plate members and horizontally spaced upright batten bars against which said plate members arel outwardly assembled and secured, and means connecting said lower end of said casing Section in vertically slidable relation to said buckstay unit comprising horizontally spaced angle members each having one leg horizontally disposed and connected to the nearest adjacent end of one of said batten bars.

3. In a wall including a row of upright fluid heating tubes vertically supported at one elevation and expansible in length ltoward higher elevations, means laterally supporting said tubes comprising a horizontally disposed buckstay unit connected to said tubes at an elevation upwardly displaced from said elevation of vertical support, an upper and a lower casing section laterally spaced from said tubes and each having one end adjacent said elevation of lateral support, said casing sections each comprising separate metallic plate members and horizontally spaced upright batten bars against which said plate members are assembled and secured, means connecting said one end of each casing section to said buckstay unit comprising horizontally spaced angle members each having one leg horizontally disposed and connected to a batten bar of the associated casing section, said connecting means for each casing section to said buckstay unit being arranged to permit vertical movement of the respective casing sections relative to said buckstay unit and a flexible housing connectingthe adjacent ends of said casing sections and forming an enclosure for said buckstay unit.

4. In av wall including a row of vertically arranged lluid heating tubes vertically supported at an elevation intermediate their lengths, an upper and a lower buckstay having connections with said tubes at separate clevations above said elevation of vertical support and resulting in vertical movement of one buckstay relative to the other in response to variations in the lengths of said tubes, an upright casing section extending between said buckstays and having connections therewith at its upper and lower ends, said casing section comprising a plurality of separate metallic plate members and horizontally spaced upright batten bars against which said plate members are assembled and secured, said casing section connections at least at one end comprising horizontally spaced clip angles constructed and arranged to permit vertical movement of the buckstay and tubes relative to the casing section, each clip angle having one leg horizontally disposed and connected to one end of a batten bar and the other leg vertically disposed and connected to the adjacent buckstay.

5. In a wall including a row of upright fluid heating tubes vertically supported at one elevation and expan- `sible in length in `opposite directions therefrom, an upper and a lower buckstay having connections with said tubes at elevations respectively above and adjacent said elevation of verticalsupport, an upper casing section having an upper and a lower portion of which the lower portion embraces said upper buckstay and said upper portion extends toward the top of the Wall, said upper portion comprising a plurality ofseparate plate members and horizontally spaced upright batten bars against which said plate members are assembled, a lower casing section extending between said buckstays and vhaving connections therewith at its upper and lower, ends, said lower casing section having av lower portion enclosing said lower buckstay and having upper end connections with:

saidY upper casing section at an elevation intermediate said buckstays, said connections with saidrupper casing section comprising horizontally spaced clip angles each having one leg rigidly secured to one end of a batten bar associated with saidA upper casing section and the other leg expansibly connected to the adjacent buckstay, and means for maintaining the bottom end of said lower casing section substantially stationary.

6. In a lluid heater construction, an upright outer wall having a row of upright Huid heating tubes vertically supported at one elevation and expansible in length toward higher elevations, an overhead drum oiset from the position of said wall with upper end portions of said wall tubes being bent laterally and connected to said drum, a roof structure overlying said bent wall tube portions and connecting the upper end of said outer wall to said drum, means laterally supporting said wall tubes comprising a horizontally extending buckstay unit connected to said tubes at an elevation above said elevation .of vertical support, an upright metallicv casing section laterally spaced from said tubes, means for supporting the weight of said upright casing section at its lower end comprising members engaging said buckstay unit, and means for restraining lateral movement of said upright casing section at its upper end, said restraining means comprising bar members included in said roof structure and having inner ends maintained in substantially fixed relation to said drum, said roof bar members having outer ends extended downwardly and forming vertically expansible connections with said casing section adjacent its said upper end.

7. In a uid heater wall including a row of upright iluid heating tubes vertically supported at one elevation and expansible in length toward other elevations, means laterally supporting said tubes "including a horizontally extending buckstay disposed transversely of and xedly secured to the tubes at an elevation displaced from said elevation of vertical support, an upper and a lower upright metallic casing section laterally spaced from and opposite said tubes and respectively disposed adjacently above and below said buckstay, means connecting said casing sections to the buckstay including Iupright batten bars against which the casing sections are assembled and secured, and metallic members connecting one end of each batten bar to said buckstay and Aconstructed and arranged to permit vertical movement of the buckstay and tubes relative to the casing sections, and means forming a housing enclosing said buckstay and terminating in edges respectively disposed between the casing sections and their associated batten bars and yarranged to permit vertical movement thereof relative to the casing sections and their associated batten bars.

8. In a wall including a row of upright uid heating tubes vertically supported at one elevation and expansible in length toward other elevations, means laterally supporting said tubes including a horizontally extending buckstay disposed transversely of and connected to the tubes at an elevation displaced from said elevation of vertical support, a casing section laterally spaced from and opposite said tubes and comprising a plurality 4of upright metallic panels adjacent said buckstay, and means including an upright batten bar connecting adjacent panels to each other, metallic means connecting one end of the batten bar of adjacent panels to said buckstay and constructed and arranged to permit vertical movement of the buckstay and tubes relative to the casing panels.

9. In a wallincluding a row of upright uid heating tubes vertically supported at one elevation and expansible in length toward Vother elevations, means laterally supporting said tubes includingwfa horizontally extending buckstay disposed transversely of and lixedly secured to the tubes at an'elevationdisplaced from said elevation of vertical support, a casing section laterally spaced from and opposite Said tubes and comprising a plurality of 2,583,599 Schoesson Ian. 29, 1952

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