US2862849A - Methods of repelling rodents employing chlorinated phenol derivatives - Google Patents
Methods of repelling rodents employing chlorinated phenol derivatives Download PDFInfo
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- US2862849A US2862849A US389480A US38948053A US2862849A US 2862849 A US2862849 A US 2862849A US 389480 A US389480 A US 389480A US 38948053 A US38948053 A US 38948053A US 2862849 A US2862849 A US 2862849A
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- compound
- rodents
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- phenol derivatives
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- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 7
- KTOJSFDUFPFOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(Cl)=C1Cl KTOJSFDUFPFOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 ethoxy, propoxy Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJVHFDIDNXFTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-butoxy-1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene Chemical compound CCCCOC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl IJVHFDIDNXFTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XQTLDIFVVHJORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tecnazene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl XQTLDIFVVHJORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- JNYKCZWIYVXSTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-ethoxybenzene Chemical compound CCOC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl JNYKCZWIYVXSTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHBKHLUZVFWLAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene Chemical class ClC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl JHBKHLUZVFWLAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEWNKZNZRIAIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl KEWNKZNZRIAIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006385 Geon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001756 Polyvinyl chloride acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000746181 Therates Species 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006387 Vinylite Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HGAZMNJKRQFZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;ethenyl acetate Chemical compound ClC=C.CC(=O)OC=C HGAZMNJKRQFZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octadecanoyloxy)lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004434 industrial solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021485 packed food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009528 severe injury Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/257—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C43/29—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings containing halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48
Definitions
- This invention pertains to novel expedients for protecting property from damage ,by .rodents such as rats. More particularly, it concerns novel compositions and methods for imparting rodent repellent qualities to such property.
- R is hydrogen, OH, or'an alkoxy group, preferably an alkoxy group containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, e. g. ethoxy, propoxy and'butoxy; and R is hydrogen or NO not more than one of said radicals (R and R) being hydrogen.
- Typical compounds contemplated by this invention include: 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol; 2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrophenol;v 2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrobenzene; 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl n-butyl ether; 2,3,5,6etetrachlorophenetole.
- 2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrophenol exhibits the most effective rodent repellency qualities, with 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl n-butyl ether being next in that regard.
- the nitro derivatives e. g. those wherein R is NO are more active than'the parent (e. g. wherein R is hydrogen).
- rodent repellent properties of these compounds may be achieved in any number of ways. They involve providing for the presence of the compound in the area to be protected. Depending, therefore, on the specific article or area being treated, diiferent'iexpedients are selected which are appropriate for accomplishing the desired end.
- the compound is normally disposed in or on the wrapping or packaging material. This may be accomplished by treating the material before or after the article is packaged with the compound,
- the package may be provided with a liner that has been treated with the compound.
- tape which contains one-or more of the compounds may be pasted over particularly vulnerable portions of the package, generally sharp edges, corners and cracks.
- rodent protection is achieved by insuring the presence of one of the described compounds. Large areas are protected, for example, by painting with a coating containing the compound, distributing the com.- pound by dusting in the form a finely solidformulation of the compound, etc. Manufactured articlesor packages are susceptible of protection by. incorporating the compound in or on their exposed surfaces.
- the compound, or particular compositions thereof may be used .to coat,,or impregnate materials including woven and non-woven cellulosic articles such as paper, cardboard, woodboard, wood, sisal, hemp, etc., textiles such as cottons and other natural cellulosiccontaining woven materials including synthetic cellulosic fibers, .e. g. rayons, etc. Woolens, wovenand matted (felted), furs, silks, and other proteinaceous ,goods ,may likewise be treated. Fiber glass, insulating compositions such as mineral wool and other inorganic compositions may also be treated. Synthetics include v-wovenand non-woven forms of polyamides, e. g.
- nylon polyacrylonitriles
- polyacrylates notably methyl methacrylate
- polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl acetate
- polyvinyl chloride-acetate polyvinyl chloride-acetate
- Suitable treatment of the woven and non-woven articles may involve coating or impregnation by spraying, roller application, vapor depositionfbrushing, dipping and like operations Besides this, incorporation of the compound may be accomplished during the manufacture, such as in paper by inclusion.inthe-beaterpulp during manufacture, etc. With'resinous shootings, notably polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate type sheets, the'compound may be added prior to polymerization and formation of the sheet, as by inclusion in the unpolymerized material.
- the compound may be suitably introduced into various coating compositions during or after their formation.
- one embodiment includes providing covering compositions such as-paint s, shellacs, varnishes, and the like with a concentration of the compound prior to their 'application to a surface. Insofar as it does not interfere with the film forming characteristics, this is a convenient expedient.
- cementitious compositions including mortar, concrete, etc. may be provided with a low concentration of the compound prior to setting.
- Various wood preservatives may be handled similarly.
- compositions containing the contemplated compounds and a carrier wherein the carrier and compound are incompatible are of especial value and constitute a preferred embodiment of the invention. They permit suitable application of the compound to a surface and provide for a protective coating of exposed compound.
- Starches notably naturally occurring starches including potato starch and corn starch; various polymerizable monomers and copolymers such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, vinylacetate, vinylchloride-vinylacetate, butadiene, and the like are illustrative incompatible carriers.
- a suitable composition may initially contain a carrier which is compatible with the rodent repellent compound, but which when applied in accordance with a proper expedient is no longer compatible.
- a carrier which is compatible with the rodent repellent compound, but which when applied in accordance with a proper expedient is no longer compatible.
- compositions such as paints which contain a material in which both the compound and ultimate film (coating) forming components are mutually compatible, but wherein the material, usually an industrial solvent, is not present in the final coating.
- solvents typically are removed by air drying or heating such that the actual coating contains incompatible constituents.
- Solid formulations notably dusts, of the contemplated compounds are also useful. They may be prepared, for example, by spraying the compound as a liquid (molten or in a volatile solvent) onto a highly absorptive material such as highly absorptive silica. Addition of other finely divided materials such as chalk, calcium carbonate, talc, sodium silicate, wood flour, calcium silicate, diatomaceous earths, etc. to provide a more dilute composition is possible. It is also possible to grind the compound and solid carrier in a hammer mill to provide a solid dust like formulation.
- concentration of the rodent repellent compound in formulations hereinbefore described is possible. Usually such concentration is selected to provide an ultimate concentration of up to 50 milligrams of compound per square inch of exposed stu'face (surface undergoing protective treatment). Surfaces containing as low as 1 milligram and less per square inch are often satisfactory. Slight variations in the optimum concentrations, depending on the specific activity of the individual compound, are to be expected. However, compositions containing from 0.5 to 25 percent by weight of the compound generally suit the requirements.
- Example I The rodent repellent qualities of these compounds is demonstrated by conducting food acceptance tests with various rat species.
- rats are provided with a weighed portion of untreated food and a weighed portion of food including 2 percent by weight of the compound.
- the quantity of each of the two portions of food eaten by therat is ascertained at given intervals.
- the rats refused to eat the treated food when untreated food was available; when untreated food was devoured,
- Example II An illustrative formulation containing the active tetrachlorinated benzene derivatives herein contemplated has this composition in parts by weight.
- Polyvinylacetate-ehloride (Vinylite VYHH) 167 Dioctyl phthalate 14 Methyl isobutyl ketone 266 Methyl ethyl ketone 266 Toluene 400 2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrophenol 200
- 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl n-butyl ether, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenetole, 2,3,5,6- tetrachloronitrobenzene, or other described active compounds be used.
- Example Ill Incorporation of an active compound in a film prior to formation of the film is accomplished by mixing the following (in parts by weight) at about C. with stirring.
- Polyvinyl chloride (Geon 101) 2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrophenol 70 Dioctyl phthalate 15 Calcium stearate 2 Lead stearate 2 This is added to a rubber mill and heated to 138 C. to provide a smooth stock, which is sheeted off as a film about 5 mils in thickness.
Description
United States Patent METHODS OF REPELLING RODEN TS EMPLOYING 'CHLORINATED PHENOL DERIVATIVES Blaine .0. Pray, Wadsworth, and William E. Bissinger,
Akron, Ohio, assignors to Columbia-Southern Chemical'Corporation No Drawing. Application October 30, 1953 Serial No. 389,480
Claims. (Cl. 167-46) This invention pertains to novel expedients for protecting property from damage ,by .rodents such as rats. More particularly, it concerns novel compositions and methods for imparting rodent repellent qualities to such property.
It has been discovered, in accordance Wlth'thlS invention that certain tetrachlorinated aromatic compounds are rodent repellents. Further, it has been found that compositions containing one or more of such compounds preferably admixed with a material which is incompatible therewith may be used to impart unusually effective rodent repellent properties.
Compounds which evidence rodent repellent qualities according -to this invention are derivatives of 2,3,5,6- tetrachlorobenzene which conform to the following formula:
wherein R is hydrogen, OH, or'an alkoxy group, preferably an alkoxy group containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, e. g. ethoxy, propoxy and'butoxy; and R is hydrogen or NO not more than one of said radicals (R and R) being hydrogen.
Typical compounds contemplated by this invention include: 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol; 2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrophenol;v 2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrobenzene; 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl n-butyl ether; 2,3,5,6etetrachlorophenetole. Of these, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrophenol exhibits the most effective rodent repellency qualities, with 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl n-butyl ether being next in that regard. Generally, it has also been observed that the nitro derivatives (e. g. those wherein R is NO are more active than'the parent (e. g. wherein R is hydrogen).
If property which is normally damaged by rodents is treatedwith a compound of the herein described class a substantial decrease in the damage results and often almost complete protection against rodents is afforded. Inasmuch as rodents are responsible for widespread and costly damage, this invention provides an answer to a heretofore serious problem.
Advantageous utilization of the rodent repellent properties of these compounds may be achieved in any number of ways. They involve providing for the presence of the compound in the area to be protected. Depending, therefore, on the specific article or area being treated, diiferent'iexpedients are selected which are appropriate for accomplishing the desired end.
In the case of packaged goods, particularly packaged foods which attract rodents, the compound is normally disposed in or on the wrapping or packaging material. This may be accomplished by treating the material before or after the article is packaged with the compound,
2 notably in the manner hereinafterdescribed. Or, for example, the packagemay be provided with a liner that has been treated with the compound. Also, tape which contains one-or more of the compounds may be pasted over particularly vulnerable portions of the package, generally sharp edges, corners and cracks.
Many other items are subject to severe-damage by rodents, especially rats. Several such items include ropes of .all kinds, notably aboard ship, fiber-glass conduits such as those present in air conditioningsystems, insulating materials, etc., including many construction materials, e. g. wooden and textile articles. Damage is sustained both during storage and use of these articles.
Practice of thisinvention may also be employed for an objective other'than preventing damage, namely to keep rodents out of a particular area or object even though the rodents do not cause physical damage. The presence of rodents is undesirable per se for many reasons including the filth and disease they spread, the disturbances they cause, notably in walls and conduits, etc.
Thus, even articles or areas not damaged by actual destruction by rodents may require protection. Such areas often entice rodents, not solely because food is available, but because climatic conditions are favorable, e. g. a warm area in winter, cool area in summer, dry place in wet weather, etc.
As already discussed, rodent protection is achieved by insuring the presence of one of the described compounds. Large areas are protected, for example, by painting with a coating containing the compound, distributing the com.- pound by dusting in the form a finely solidformulation of the compound, etc. Manufactured articlesor packages are susceptible of protection by. incorporating the compound in or on their exposed surfaces.
The compound, or particular compositions thereof, may be used .to coat,,or impregnate materials including woven and non-woven cellulosic articles such as paper, cardboard, woodboard, wood, sisal, hemp, etc., textiles such as cottons and other natural cellulosiccontaining woven materials including synthetic cellulosic fibers, .e. g. rayons, etc. Woolens, wovenand matted (felted), furs, silks, and other proteinaceous ,goods ,may likewise be treated. Fiber glass, insulating compositions such as mineral wool and other inorganic compositions may also be treated. Synthetics include v-wovenand non-woven forms of polyamides, e. g. nylon, polyacrylonitriles, polyacrylates, notably methyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride-acetate and various other polymerizable monomers and copolymers from which films and ,fibersmay be prepared.
Suitable treatment of the woven and non-woven articles may involve coating or impregnation by spraying, roller application, vapor depositionfbrushing, dipping and like operations Besides this, incorporation of the compound may be accomplished during the manufacture, such as in paper by inclusion.inthe-beaterpulp during manufacture, etc. With'resinous shootings, notably polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate type sheets, the'compound may be added prior to polymerization and formation of the sheet, as by inclusion in the unpolymerized material.
The compound may be suitably introduced into various coating compositions during or after their formation. Thus, one embodiment includes providing covering compositions such as-paint s, shellacs, varnishes, and the like with a concentration of the compound prior to their 'application to a surface. Insofar as it does not interfere with the film forming characteristics, this is a convenient expedient. Also, cementitious compositions including mortar, concrete, etc. may be provided with a low concentration of the compound prior to setting. Various wood preservatives may be handled similarly.
Compositions containing the contemplated compounds and a carrier wherein the carrier and compound are incompatible are of especial value and constitute a preferred embodiment of the invention. They permit suitable application of the compound to a surface and provide for a protective coating of exposed compound. Starches, notably naturally occurring starches including potato starch and corn starch; various polymerizable monomers and copolymers such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, vinylacetate, vinylchloride-vinylacetate, butadiene, and the like are illustrative incompatible carriers.
It is to be understood that incompatibility, as herein employed is intended to denote the state that exists when the composition has been applied and treated to provide the contemplated protective coating. Thus, a suitable composition may initially contain a carrier which is compatible with the rodent repellent compound, but which when applied in accordance with a proper expedient is no longer compatible. In the case of polymerizable materials, monomers and copolymers, this is particularly true; in the unpolymerized state the two components often may be compatible whereas after polymerization they are incompatible.
Also intended are compositions such as paints which contain a material in which both the compound and ultimate film (coating) forming components are mutually compatible, but wherein the material, usually an industrial solvent, is not present in the final coating. Such solvents typically are removed by air drying or heating such that the actual coating contains incompatible constituents.
Solid formulations, notably dusts, of the contemplated compounds are also useful. They may be prepared, for example, by spraying the compound as a liquid (molten or in a volatile solvent) onto a highly absorptive material such as highly absorptive silica. Addition of other finely divided materials such as chalk, calcium carbonate, talc, sodium silicate, wood flour, calcium silicate, diatomaceous earths, etc. to provide a more dilute composition is possible. It is also possible to grind the compound and solid carrier in a hammer mill to provide a solid dust like formulation.
Wide latitude in the concentration of the rodent repellent compound in formulations hereinbefore described is possible. Usually such concentration is selected to provide an ultimate concentration of up to 50 milligrams of compound per square inch of exposed stu'face (surface undergoing protective treatment). Surfaces containing as low as 1 milligram and less per square inch are often satisfactory. Slight variations in the optimum concentrations, depending on the specific activity of the individual compound, are to be expected. However, compositions containing from 0.5 to 25 percent by weight of the compound generally suit the requirements.
The following examples illustrate the manner in which i the invention may be prepared.
Example I The rodent repellent qualities of these compounds is demonstrated by conducting food acceptance tests with various rat species. In such experiments, rats are provided with a weighed portion of untreated food and a weighed portion of food including 2 percent by weight of the compound. The quantity of each of the two portions of food eaten by therat is ascertained at given intervals. In the case of the herein named compounds, the rats refused to eat the treated food when untreated food was available; when untreated food was devoured,
they refused to accept the treated food with rare exception.
4 Example II An illustrative formulation containing the active tetrachlorinated benzene derivatives herein contemplated has this composition in parts by weight.
Polyvinylacetate-ehloride (Vinylite VYHH) 167 Dioctyl phthalate 14 Methyl isobutyl ketone 266 Methyl ethyl ketone 266 Toluene 400 2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrophenol 200 In lieu of or in combination with 2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrophenol in the above composition, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl n-butyl ether, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenetole, 2,3,5,6- tetrachloronitrobenzene, or other described active compounds be used.
Example Ill Incorporation of an active compound in a film prior to formation of the film is accomplished by mixing the following (in parts by weight) at about C. with stirring.
Polyvinyl chloride (Geon 101) 2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrophenol 70 Dioctyl phthalate 15 Calcium stearate 2 Lead stearate 2 This is added to a rubber mill and heated to 138 C. to provide a smooth stock, which is sheeted off as a film about 5 mils in thickness.
Although the instant invention has been described with reference to specific details of such embodiments, it is not intended that the invention be restricted to such details except insofar as they are enumerated in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. The method of protecting property normally infested by rodents from rodents by imparting rodent repellency thereto which comprises applying to said property a compound having the following formula:
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,615,801 Brown Oct. 28, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 567,808 Great Britain Mar. 5, 1945 OTHER REFERENCES Chem. Abstracts, vol. 37 (1943), pp. 5035 and 5036.
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF PROTECTING PROPERTY NORMALLY INFESTED BY RODENTS FROM RODENTS BY IMPARTING RODENT REPELLENCY THERETO WHICH COMPRISES APPLYING TO SAID PROPERTY A COMPOUND HAVING THE FOLLOWING FORMULA:
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US389480A US2862849A (en) | 1953-10-30 | 1953-10-30 | Methods of repelling rodents employing chlorinated phenol derivatives |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US389480A US2862849A (en) | 1953-10-30 | 1953-10-30 | Methods of repelling rodents employing chlorinated phenol derivatives |
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US2862849A true US2862849A (en) | 1958-12-02 |
Family
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US389480A Expired - Lifetime US2862849A (en) | 1953-10-30 | 1953-10-30 | Methods of repelling rodents employing chlorinated phenol derivatives |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2971883A (en) * | 1958-08-07 | 1961-02-14 | Theodore C Swinyar | Method and composition for preventing the growth of micro-organisms on surfaces |
US3156613A (en) * | 1959-08-24 | 1964-11-10 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Method of repelling birds with substituted pyrimidine compounds |
US3158537A (en) * | 1959-08-28 | 1964-11-24 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Repelling birds |
FR2458218A1 (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1981-01-02 | Soyez Jean Louis | Repelling birds and animals from crops - by treating with nitro, amino or sulpho deriv. of thiocarbamate or thiuram |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB567808A (en) * | 1943-06-21 | 1945-03-05 | Henry Atlas | Compositions for killing rats and mice |
US2615801A (en) * | 1947-03-18 | 1952-10-28 | Sterling Drug Inc | Antisprouting methods and compositions |
-
1953
- 1953-10-30 US US389480A patent/US2862849A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB567808A (en) * | 1943-06-21 | 1945-03-05 | Henry Atlas | Compositions for killing rats and mice |
US2615801A (en) * | 1947-03-18 | 1952-10-28 | Sterling Drug Inc | Antisprouting methods and compositions |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2971883A (en) * | 1958-08-07 | 1961-02-14 | Theodore C Swinyar | Method and composition for preventing the growth of micro-organisms on surfaces |
US3156613A (en) * | 1959-08-24 | 1964-11-10 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Method of repelling birds with substituted pyrimidine compounds |
US3158537A (en) * | 1959-08-28 | 1964-11-24 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Repelling birds |
FR2458218A1 (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1981-01-02 | Soyez Jean Louis | Repelling birds and animals from crops - by treating with nitro, amino or sulpho deriv. of thiocarbamate or thiuram |
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