US2862279A - Tow crimping apparatus - Google Patents

Tow crimping apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2862279A
US2862279A US577331A US57733156A US2862279A US 2862279 A US2862279 A US 2862279A US 577331 A US577331 A US 577331A US 57733156 A US57733156 A US 57733156A US 2862279 A US2862279 A US 2862279A
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crimping
rolls
chamber
roll
filaments
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US577331A
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Jr Harry D Fardon
Jr Herbert J Pike
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Allied Corp
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Allied Chemical Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/12—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved crimping apparatus of the type wherein a pair of rolls forces filamentary material through the nip of the rolls into a crimping chamber.
  • filamentary material we mean atow of continuous filaments or a sliver of staple filaments.
  • the present invention represents a simple and efiective means of mitigating the problem of trapped and fused filaments.
  • Our invention comprises feeding a bundle of filaments through the nip between a pair of cylindrical feed rolls into a crimping chamber adjacent the nip with the feed of the filaments being at a speed of at least about 150 feet per minute; and spraying liquid, e. g. Water, from outside the crimping chamber into the crevice where the surface of a feed roll meets a wall of the crimping chamber.
  • liquid e. g. Water
  • the spray is delivered by a header type spray tube mounted outside the crimping chamber and having an inlet for liquid, and outlets for liquid which are directed toward said crevice; and the crevice is formed by a knife edge meeting a surface.
  • a considerable pressure on the liquid being sprayed is best, e. g. pressure in the range between about 30 and about 100 p. s. i. g.
  • the spray outlets can be holes of diameter in the range between and about ,5 inch and can be arranged in a line with separations between centers in the range between about A; and about 4 inch.
  • the flow rate (in G. P. M.) of the spray liquid from the outlets is suitably between about 0.01 U. S. gallon and about 0.5 U. S. gallon per minute, per inch of linear contact between the roll surface and the crimping chamber wall.
  • the line of contact is defined by a knife edge as explained in more detail below.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away
  • Fig. 2 is a detail view showing the lower wall 7 of the crimping chamber of Fig. 1 as it comes to a knife edge, fitted with'one of our spray tubes.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are detail views showing the location of the spray tubes in an alternative form of our inventron.
  • Fig. 1 suitable for use in accordance with our invention are shown in Fig. 1. These parts are a pair of cylindrical feed rolls land 2 and an adjacent crimping chamber.
  • the feed rolls of Fig. 1 comprise an inner roll with a shrunk onannular outer sleeve 14 thereon. Roll is' fixed in place and'roll 2 is supported for vertical move ment to accommodate, in the nip between the rolls, tows of varying thickness.
  • sleeve .15 is beveled to a circumferential knife edge meeting the crimping chamber side wall 3. This sleeve is designed to be replaceable when the knife edge or the cylindrical surface of the sleeve becomes worn...
  • the crimping chamber of Fig. 1 comprises side plates 3- fitting against the circular ends of the feed rolls;
  • the inwardly urged gate 7 is suitably connected, e. g. by being affixed to a supporting plate, to form a single unit with a rotatable arm 5.
  • the arm 5 is pivoted concentrically about the axis 20 of movable feed roll 2 so that the edge of the gate will remain at the same close clearance from the circumference of the feed roll as the gate moves in and out of the chamber, or as movable feed roll 2 itself moves up or down to close or open the nip between the rolls.
  • pneumatic piston 8 urges roll 2 toward roll 1
  • pneumatic piston 9 urges gate 7 inwardly into the crimping chamber.
  • At least one header type spray tube (10 in Figs. 1 and 2, and 16 in Figs. 3 and 4) is mounted outside the crimping chamber, preferably aflixed near the knife edge contact between feed roll surface and crimper wall.
  • These spray tubes have inlets for liquid designated 13 in Figs. 1 and 2, and 18 in Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the spray tubes have outlets, illustrated by holes 11 of Fig. 2 and holes 17 of Figs. 3 and 4, directed toward the crevice between the feed roll and the crimper wall.
  • tow is fed by the feed rolls into the crimping chamber against the resistance of the inwardly urged gate 7.
  • the liquid for the spray e. g. water
  • the spray tubes at pressure suitably about 40-80 pounds per sq. in., and sprays from the outlets at rates suitably between 0.05 and 0.25 U. S. gallon per minute per inch of roll Width.
  • Example The crimping apparatus used was of the type shown in Fig. 1 wherein a pair of rolls 6 inches in diameter and 3 inches in width forced a tow of polycaprolactam filaments of 200,000 total denier, 6 denier per filament into a crimping chamber at 350 feet per minute. Doctor blade and gate were set to meet the rolls at 0.001 inch clearance; and gate and nip pressures were adjusted to give 20 crimps per inch.
  • the spray tubes had & holes located apart.
  • Processof crimping a bundle of filaments'fed'by cylindrical rolls into a crimping chamber which comprises feeding-such bundle at a linear'speed of at least about 150 feet per minute into said chamber and spraying liquid from outside the chamber into the crevice where a surface 'of a feed roll meets a wall of the crimping chamher.
  • liquid is underpressure in the range between about 30 and about 100p. s: i. g.; thecrevice is'formed by a knife edge meeting a surface; and the flow rate of liquidspray is in the range between about 0.01 U. S. gallon and about 0.5 U. S. gallon per minute per inchof contact between said knife edge and said surface.
  • Apparatus for crimping bundles of filaments comprising a pair of cylindrical feed rolls mounted to form a nip; a crimping chamber adjacent said nip; a knife edge line of contact between a surface of at least one of said rolls and wall of said crimping chamber; and at least one header mounted outside the crimping chamber having an inlet for liquidand outlets'directedtoward said knife edge line of contact between the surface of the roll and the crimping chamber wall.
  • the crimping chamber comprises a pair of side plates fitting against the circular ends of the feed rolls and a pair of walls meeting the cylindrical surfaces of the feed rolls in knife edges, a header is affixed on the outside near the knife edge of each of said walls; and the outlets from the headers have diameter in the range between about & inch and about inch and are arranged in 'a line with separations between centers in the range between about inch and about inch.

Description

- Dec. 2, 1958 H. D. FARDON, JR, ET AL 2,
TOW CRIMPING APPARATUS Filed April 10. 1956 INVENTORS HARRY D.FARDON,JR HERBERT BY J. PIKE ,JR.
RM 6:. M
ATTORNEY row CRIMPING APPARATUS Harry D. Fardon, Jr., Parsippany, and Herbert J. Pike, Jr.,
Morristown, N. J., assignors to Allied Chenucal Corporation, a corporation of New York Application April 10, 1956, Serial No. 577,331 4 Claims. (Cl. 28- 1) This invention relates to improved crimping apparatus of the type wherein a pair of rolls forces filamentary material through the nip of the rolls into a crimping chamber. By' filamentary material we mean atow of continuous filaments or a sliver of staple filaments.
In apparatus of the above stated type, especially when operated at speeds of at least about 150 feet per minute, and especially when operated using a fusible thermoplastic such as. .polycaprolactam, problems frequently arise due to lodging and entrapment of filaments being crimped, in crevices where vthe walls of the crimping chamber closely approach the circular side surfaces of the feed rolls, e. g. with clearance of about 0.01 inch or less. A special problem with thermoplastic filaments is created by the fusion of filaments under frictional heat, e. g. filaments in contact with the surfaces of the feed rolls and/or in contact with walls of the crimping chamber. Hard lumps in the tow and/or a deposit in the crevice results. These faults seriously impair tow quality and uniformity of crimping action of the crimping apparatus. The deposits soon necessitate shut-down of the apparatus. These problems are especially acute in operations at high speed because in such operations the feed rolls carry the filaments toward the crevices with great force and high friction.
The present invention represents a simple and efiective means of mitigating the problem of trapped and fused filaments. Our invention comprises feeding a bundle of filaments through the nip between a pair of cylindrical feed rolls into a crimping chamber adjacent the nip with the feed of the filaments being at a speed of at least about 150 feet per minute; and spraying liquid, e. g. Water, from outside the crimping chamber into the crevice where the surface of a feed roll meets a wall of the crimping chamber. In particular in accordance with our invention the spray is delivered by a header type spray tube mounted outside the crimping chamber and having an inlet for liquid, and outlets for liquid which are directed toward said crevice; and the crevice is formed by a knife edge meeting a surface.
Where meeting of a roll surface with chamber walls, or line of contact or linear contact is referred to herein it is to be understood that approach at close clearance is included in the scope of these terms.
A considerable pressure on the liquid being sprayed is best, e. g. pressure in the range between about 30 and about 100 p. s. i. g. Suitably the spray outlets can be holes of diameter in the range between and about ,5 inch and can be arranged in a line with separations between centers in the range between about A; and about 4 inch. The flow rate (in G. P. M.) of the spray liquid from the outlets is suitably between about 0.01 U. S. gallon and about 0.5 U. S. gallon per minute, per inch of linear contact between the roll surface and the crimping chamber wall. Preferably the line of contact is defined by a knife edge as explained in more detail below.
In the accompanying drawings, which are partially diagrammatic,
7 cc w Fig. 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away,
7 showing a crimping apparatus provided with our'spray tubes.
Fig. 2 is a detail view showing the lower wall 7 of the crimping chamber of Fig. 1 as it comes to a knife edge, fitted with'one of our spray tubes. v
Figs. 3 and 4 are detail views showing the location of the spray tubes in an alternative form of our inventron.
The principal p arts of a crimping apparatus of a type:
suitable for use in accordance with our invention are shown in Fig. 1. These parts are a pair of cylindrical feed rolls land 2 and an adjacent crimping chamber. The feed rolls of Fig. 1 comprise an inner roll with a shrunk onannular outer sleeve 14 thereon. Roll is' fixed in place and'roll 2 is supported for vertical move ment to accommodate, in the nip between the rolls, tows of varying thickness.
In Figs. 3 and 4 showing an alternative form of outer sleeve on the rolls, the sleeve .15 is beveled to a circumferential knife edge meeting the crimping chamber side wall 3. This sleeve is designed to be replaceable when the knife edge or the cylindrical surface of the sleeve becomes worn...
The crimping chamber of Fig. 1 comprises side plates 3- fitting against the circular ends of the feed rolls; the
fixed wall or doctor blade 6 meeting the cylindrical surface of feed roll 1 in a knife edge; and the inwardly urged wall or gate 7 meeting the cylindrical surface of feed roll 2 in a knife edge 12.
As shown in Fig. '1 the inwardly urged gate 7 is suitably connected, e. g. by being affixed to a supporting plate, to form a single unit with a rotatable arm 5. The arm 5 is pivoted concentrically about the axis 20 of movable feed roll 2 so that the edge of the gate will remain at the same close clearance from the circumference of the feed roll as the gate moves in and out of the chamber, or as movable feed roll 2 itself moves up or down to close or open the nip between the rolls.
Suitably pneumatic piston 8 urges roll 2 toward roll 1, and pneumatic piston 9 urges gate 7 inwardly into the crimping chamber.
In accordance with our invention at least one header type spray tube (10 in Figs. 1 and 2, and 16 in Figs. 3 and 4) is mounted outside the crimping chamber, preferably aflixed near the knife edge contact between feed roll surface and crimper wall. These spray tubes have inlets for liquid designated 13 in Figs. 1 and 2, and 18 in Figs. 3 and 4. The spray tubes have outlets, illustrated by holes 11 of Fig. 2 and holes 17 of Figs. 3 and 4, directed toward the crevice between the feed roll and the crimper wall.
In operation, tow is fed by the feed rolls into the crimping chamber against the resistance of the inwardly urged gate 7. The liquid for the spray, e. g. water, is simultaneously fed into the spray tubes at pressure suitably about 40-80 pounds per sq. in., and sprays from the outlets at rates suitably between 0.05 and 0.25 U. S. gallon per minute per inch of roll Width.
The following example is illustrative of the operation and advantages of a process and apparatus in accordance with our invention; but the invention is not to be considered as limited to all details of the example.
Example The crimping apparatus used was of the type shown in Fig. 1 wherein a pair of rolls 6 inches in diameter and 3 inches in width forced a tow of polycaprolactam filaments of 200,000 total denier, 6 denier per filament into a crimping chamber at 350 feet per minute. Doctor blade and gate were set to meet the rolls at 0.001 inch clearance; and gate and nip pressures were adjusted to give 20 crimps per inch. The spray tubes had & holes located apart.
Using 0.5 G. P. M. of water under 40 p. s. i. g. pressure at each tube, a well crimped high quality tow free of. fused sections was produced'withsmooth, uniform operation.
When the water in the top or bottom tube was turned 01f, fusing'occurredon the top or bottom of thetow, respectively. When the water was turned on, fusing ceased. Moisture content of the towwas uniform and could be controlled.
When, under otherwise the above described operating conditions, water was sprayed on the full width of the rolls at 6 G. P. M., instead of using our spray-tubes, fusion-of; the-top and bottom of the tow occurred. Water was squeezed err the tow by the rolls; The moisture content of the tow-was notuniform-and was hard to control. Water is-=a-suitable liquid for use because of its effects of cooling; lubricating; and softening thefilaments heated by friction. Any other cooling liquid can be used, with at least some of the benefits obtainedusing water; in accordance with our invention.
We claim:
1. Processof crimping a bundle of filaments'fed'by cylindrical rolls into a crimping chamber, which comprises feeding-such bundle at a linear'speed of at least about 150 feet per minute into said chamber and spraying liquid from outside the chamber into the crevice where a surface 'of a feed roll meets a wall of the crimping chamher.
2; Process as defined in claim 1, wherein the liquid is underpressure in the range between about 30 and about 100p. s: i. g.; thecrevice is'formed by a knife edge meeting a surface; and the flow rate of liquidspray is in the range between about 0.01 U. S. gallon and about 0.5 U. S. gallon per minute per inchof contact between said knife edge and said surface.
3. Apparatus for crimping bundles of filaments comprising a pair of cylindrical feed rolls mounted to form a nip; a crimping chamber adjacent said nip; a knife edge line of contact between a surface of at least one of said rolls and wall of said crimping chamber; and at least one header mounted outside the crimping chamber having an inlet for liquidand outlets'directedtoward said knife edge line of contact between the surface of the roll and the crimping chamber wall. 4
4. Apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein the crimping chamber comprises a pair of side plates fitting against the circular ends of the feed rolls and a pair of walls meeting the cylindrical surfaces of the feed rolls in knife edges, a header is affixed on the outside near the knife edge of each of said walls; and the outlets from the headers have diameter in the range between about & inch and about inch and are arranged in 'a line with separations between centers in the range between about inch and about inch.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,230,272 Slayter Feb. 4, 1941 2,311,174 Hitt Feb; 16, 1943 2,407,108 Spalding et al Sept. 3, 1946 2,686,339 Holt Aug. 17, 1954 2,698,970 Wicker Jan. 11, 1955 FOREIGN PATENTS 437,711 Great Britian' Iune'24, 193s
US577331A 1956-04-10 1956-04-10 Tow crimping apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2862279A (en)

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2917784A (en) * 1957-06-05 1959-12-22 Dow Chemical Co Crimping fibers
US3113367A (en) * 1961-12-18 1963-12-10 Monsanto Chemicals Wear devices
US3139664A (en) * 1962-03-27 1964-07-07 Turbo Machine Co Tow fiber crimping apparatus
US3174206A (en) * 1961-11-29 1965-03-23 Klinger Mfg Co Ltd Apparatus for crimping yarn by bunching
US3217376A (en) * 1962-11-23 1965-11-16 Monsanto Co Yarn crimping apparatus
US3423184A (en) * 1963-06-28 1969-01-21 Degussa Apparatus for the production of finely divided amorphous silica
US3491420A (en) * 1967-10-17 1970-01-27 Techniservice Corp Strand crimping
DE1816028A1 (en) * 1968-12-20 1970-06-25 Vepa Ag Device for curling synthetic thread sheets
US3545058A (en) * 1967-10-17 1970-12-08 Techniservice Corp Stuffer crimper with cooling fluid wretreatment means
DE2039621A1 (en) * 1970-08-10 1972-02-17 Vepa Ag Crimp apparatus - with pressure control system
DE2039623A1 (en) * 1968-12-20 1972-02-17 Vepa Ag Crimp apparatus - with pressure control system
DE2053269A1 (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-05-04 Vepa Ag, Basel (Schweiz) Crimp apparatus - with pressure control system
US3662439A (en) * 1970-08-18 1972-05-16 Du Pont Stuffer box crimper lubricating system
DE2062877A1 (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-06-29 Vepa Ag, Basel (Schweiz) Crimp apparatus - with pressure control system
DE2119002A1 (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-11-09 Vepa Ag, Riehen (Schweiz) Crimp apparatus - with pressure control system
EP0108705A2 (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-05-16 Polymer Processing Research Institute Limited Apparatus for crimping textile fibrous materials
EP0109923A2 (en) * 1982-11-19 1984-05-30 Polymer Processing Research Institute Limited Apparatus for crimping textile fibrous materials
EP0159285A2 (en) * 1984-04-03 1985-10-23 Polymer Processing Research Institute Limited Apparatus for crimping tows of filaments at high speed
EP0180715A2 (en) * 1984-11-09 1986-05-14 Neumünstersche Maschinen- und Apparatebau Gesellschaft mbH (NEUMAG) Method and apparatus for crimping synthetic filament cables
EP0268031A3 (en) * 1986-09-19 1990-01-31 Bayer Ag Stuffer box and method for making crimped synthetic fibres
DE19538423A1 (en) * 1995-10-16 1997-04-17 Neumag Gmbh Device for crimping synthetic bundles of threads or tapes
US20090230583A1 (en) * 2008-03-03 2009-09-17 M.A.E. S.P.A. Apparatus for crimping chemical-fibre filaments and control methods thereof
US9951445B2 (en) 2012-08-23 2018-04-24 Columbia Insurance Company Systems and methods for improving and controlling yarn texture
US10113252B2 (en) 2012-08-23 2018-10-30 Columbia Insurance Company Systems and methods for improving and controlling yarn texture

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB487711A (en) * 1937-04-24 1938-06-24 Linen Ind Res Ass Improvements in serrating and breaking flax and other fibrous plants and apparatus therefor
US2230272A (en) * 1938-08-04 1941-02-04 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of producing glass fibers
US2311174A (en) * 1940-12-06 1943-02-16 Du Pont Textile crinkler
US2407108A (en) * 1941-10-04 1946-09-03 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for crimping filamentary materials
US2686339A (en) * 1950-10-04 1954-08-17 Chemstrand Corp Treatiment of acrylonitrile polymer fibers
US2698970A (en) * 1951-11-24 1955-01-11 American Cyanamid Co Tow crimper

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB487711A (en) * 1937-04-24 1938-06-24 Linen Ind Res Ass Improvements in serrating and breaking flax and other fibrous plants and apparatus therefor
US2230272A (en) * 1938-08-04 1941-02-04 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of producing glass fibers
US2311174A (en) * 1940-12-06 1943-02-16 Du Pont Textile crinkler
US2407108A (en) * 1941-10-04 1946-09-03 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for crimping filamentary materials
US2686339A (en) * 1950-10-04 1954-08-17 Chemstrand Corp Treatiment of acrylonitrile polymer fibers
US2698970A (en) * 1951-11-24 1955-01-11 American Cyanamid Co Tow crimper

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2917784A (en) * 1957-06-05 1959-12-22 Dow Chemical Co Crimping fibers
US3174206A (en) * 1961-11-29 1965-03-23 Klinger Mfg Co Ltd Apparatus for crimping yarn by bunching
US3113367A (en) * 1961-12-18 1963-12-10 Monsanto Chemicals Wear devices
US3139664A (en) * 1962-03-27 1964-07-07 Turbo Machine Co Tow fiber crimping apparatus
US3217376A (en) * 1962-11-23 1965-11-16 Monsanto Co Yarn crimping apparatus
US3423184A (en) * 1963-06-28 1969-01-21 Degussa Apparatus for the production of finely divided amorphous silica
US3545058A (en) * 1967-10-17 1970-12-08 Techniservice Corp Stuffer crimper with cooling fluid wretreatment means
US3491420A (en) * 1967-10-17 1970-01-27 Techniservice Corp Strand crimping
DE1816028A1 (en) * 1968-12-20 1970-06-25 Vepa Ag Device for curling synthetic thread sheets
DE2039623A1 (en) * 1968-12-20 1972-02-17 Vepa Ag Crimp apparatus - with pressure control system
DE2039621A1 (en) * 1970-08-10 1972-02-17 Vepa Ag Crimp apparatus - with pressure control system
US3662439A (en) * 1970-08-18 1972-05-16 Du Pont Stuffer box crimper lubricating system
DE2053269A1 (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-05-04 Vepa Ag, Basel (Schweiz) Crimp apparatus - with pressure control system
DE2062877A1 (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-06-29 Vepa Ag, Basel (Schweiz) Crimp apparatus - with pressure control system
DE2119002A1 (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-11-09 Vepa Ag, Riehen (Schweiz) Crimp apparatus - with pressure control system
EP0108705A3 (en) * 1982-09-27 1986-03-12 Polymer Processing Research Institute Limited Apparatus for crimping textile fibrous materials
EP0108705A2 (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-05-16 Polymer Processing Research Institute Limited Apparatus for crimping textile fibrous materials
EP0109923A2 (en) * 1982-11-19 1984-05-30 Polymer Processing Research Institute Limited Apparatus for crimping textile fibrous materials
EP0109923A3 (en) * 1982-11-19 1986-03-12 Polymer Processing Research Institute Limited Apparatus for crimping textile fibrous materials
EP0159285A3 (en) * 1984-04-03 1986-03-05 Polymer Processing Research Institute Limited Apparatus for crimping tows of filaments at high speed
EP0159285A2 (en) * 1984-04-03 1985-10-23 Polymer Processing Research Institute Limited Apparatus for crimping tows of filaments at high speed
US4756063A (en) * 1984-11-09 1988-07-12 Neumuenstersche Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Gmbh Method and arrangement for crimping cables of synthetic fibers
DE3440975A1 (en) * 1984-11-09 1986-05-15 Neumünstersche Maschinen- und Apparatebau GmbH (Neumag), 2350 Neumünster METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PULLING CABLES FROM SYNTHETIC THREADS
EP0180715A3 (en) * 1984-11-09 1987-04-01 Neumunstersche Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Gesellschaft Mbh. (Neumag) Method and apparatus for crimping synthetic filament cables
EP0180715A2 (en) * 1984-11-09 1986-05-14 Neumünstersche Maschinen- und Apparatebau Gesellschaft mbH (NEUMAG) Method and apparatus for crimping synthetic filament cables
EP0268031A3 (en) * 1986-09-19 1990-01-31 Bayer Ag Stuffer box and method for making crimped synthetic fibres
DE19538423A1 (en) * 1995-10-16 1997-04-17 Neumag Gmbh Device for crimping synthetic bundles of threads or tapes
US6009606A (en) * 1995-10-16 2000-01-04 Neumag-Neumuenstersche Mashinen-Und Analagenbau Gmbh Device for crimping of synthetic bundles or slivers of yarns
US20090230583A1 (en) * 2008-03-03 2009-09-17 M.A.E. S.P.A. Apparatus for crimping chemical-fibre filaments and control methods thereof
US7748092B2 (en) * 2008-03-03 2010-07-06 M.A.E. S.P.A. Apparatus for crimping chemical-fibre filaments and control methods thereof
US9951445B2 (en) 2012-08-23 2018-04-24 Columbia Insurance Company Systems and methods for improving and controlling yarn texture
US10113252B2 (en) 2012-08-23 2018-10-30 Columbia Insurance Company Systems and methods for improving and controlling yarn texture

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