US2861047A - Low temperature preparation of alkyd resins from long chain fatty acids - Google Patents
Low temperature preparation of alkyd resins from long chain fatty acids Download PDFInfo
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- US2861047A US2861047A US516804A US51680455A US2861047A US 2861047 A US2861047 A US 2861047A US 516804 A US516804 A US 516804A US 51680455 A US51680455 A US 51680455A US 2861047 A US2861047 A US 2861047A
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- fatty acid
- long chain
- acid
- chain fatty
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- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 17
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 9
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006670 Chlorogalum pomeridianum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007836 Chlorogalum pomeridianum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004347 Perilla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000124853 Perilla frutescens Species 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000009895 amole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/46—Polyesters chemically modified by esterification
Definitions
- isophthalic acid in place of the phthalic acid or anhydride has also been described.
- isophthalic acid calls for more stringent reaction conditions.
- the usual manner of preparing the alkyds is simply to mix together the requisite amounts of long chain fatty acid, polyhydric alcohol, and isophthalic acid, heat the mixture to a temperature of at least about 290 C., and maintain the temperature at that high level until the desired acid number is obtained.
- the invention contemplates reacting a long chain fatty acid with pentaerythritol in the ratio of about 1.0 to 2.2 equivalents of fatty acid to about 4 equivalents of alcohol.
- the isophthalic acid is then added to this partial ester at a temperature in the range of about 220-260 C. and in an amount of about 0.5-1.5 equivalents of isophthalic acid per 4 equivalents of polyhydric alcohol. Thereafter the balance of the long chain fatty acid is reacted with the product.
- the long chain fatty acids contemplated for use in the process of the present invention are those obtained from drying, semidrying, or nondrying oils.
- oils from which the fatty acids are obtained are soy bean, linseed, cottonseed, castor, dehydrated castor, corn, perilla, tall, coconut, and tallow oils.
- the long chain fatty acids are those known to be present in such oils, as for example, stearic, el eostearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, ricinoleic, and often lauric.
- the various isomers of these acids such as are found in some processed oils are also suitable.
- the styrene or vinyl toluene modified siccative oils may be used as total or partial replacements for the fatty acids. These productsare prepared by reacting styrene or vinyl toluene with a bodied drying v polyhydricalcohol, however, the isophthalic acid swiftly Patented Nov. 18, 1958 or semidrying oil, preferably in the presence of a catalyst to produce a modified oil generally having an oil length of about 60%.
- the polyhydric alcohol to be used in the present process must contain four hydroxy groups. .Should the alcohol contain less than the requisite four hydroxy groups, as for example glycerine with three, the resulting alkyd does not possess suflicient molecular weight to serve the role intended.
- the dibasic acid used in the present invention is isophthalic acid.
- the invention contemplates reacting initially a portion of the total of the long chain fatty acids with the pentaerythr'itol.
- the relative amounts of the fatty acid and the polyhydric alcohol in'the initial reaction must be maintained within fairly narrow limits if the isophthalic acid is to react swiftly on subsequent addition.
- the ratio is about 1.0 to about 2.2 equivalents of fatty acid to about 4 equivalents of alcohol.
- the conditions of the initial reaction of the long chain fatty acid and the pentaerythritol are in accordance with usual alkyd practice. ried out at a, temperature in the range of about 250 C., and preferably at about 220 C. At this latter temperature, the reaction generally takes about 3 hours, during which times substantially all the fatty acid reacts. It is preferred that the acid number be brought down to 3-10.
- the isophthalic acid is added and the reaction mixture is raised to a' temperature of between about 220275 C., and preferably about 250 C.
- the amount of isophthalic acid to be added will be greater than 0 and less than 2 equivalents per 4equivale'nts of the polyhydric alcohol. Gen erally speaking, the amount of isophthalic acid will rangev heat the mixture to a temperature of about 250 C., it
- the isophthalic acid By adding the isophthalic acid to a reaction mixture comprising substantially a 'diester of the fatty acid and In fact, it has been found that if in the initial reaction may be cargoes into solution, usually taking /z1 hour to do so. Additional reaction time may be utilized if desired.
- the balance of the long chain fatty acid may be added to the mixture.
- this amount of long chain fatty acid will be about 0.3-2.5 equivalents per 4 equivalents of polyhydric alcohol.
- “metem 'eraane should'be maintained in the range of about 220T275' C., and preferably at about 250 C., until the desired extentof reaction has taken place.
- the alkyd re'sinis to be used as a paint vehicle, it is preferred that the acid number of the final product be in the range of about 5-10.
- Example I To an alkyd reactor equipped with agitator, reflux condenser, water trap, and CO inlet tube there was added 453 parts Acintol FA-l (tall oil fatty acids, 1% rosin), which was then heated to 200 C. To the fatty acids was added 105 parts technical pentaerythritol, sold under the name Pentek, and the reaction mixture was maintained at 200 C. for 2 hours and then 220 C. for 3 hours. The mixture was then raised to a temperature of 250 C., whereupon there was added 83 parts isophthalic acid, and the mixture was maintained at 250 C. for 2 hour. There was then added an additional 110 parts of fatty acid. The resultant mixture was maintained at 250 C. for 2 hours to an acid number of 8.
- Acintol FA-l total oil fatty acids, 1% rosin
- the resultant alkyd was an excellent paint vehicle.
- Example 11 A mixture of 386 parts vinyl toluene modified fatty acid of 70% oil length wherein the fatty acid consisted of 90% tall oil fatty acids and dehydrated castor oil fatty acids, plus 66 parts Pentek," was heated to 220 C. for 2 hours. There was then added 23 parts isophthalic acid, and the mixture raised to 250 C. and maintained at that temperature for /2 hour. At the end of the V2 hour, the solution had cleared; the isophthalic acid had completely dissolved. There was then added 224 parts of the vinyl toluene modified tall oil described above and the mixture was maintained at 250 C. for 7 hours to an acid number of 4.76.
- Example IV A mixture of 465 parts of vinyl toluene modified tall oil (65% oil length) plus 75 parts Pentek was heated 4 to 220 C. for 2 hours. There was then added 38 parts Pentek and the mixture was heated to 250 C. for 1 hour. At the end of the hour, the solution was clear. There was then added 157 parts of the vinyl toluene modified tall oil fatty acids described above, and the mixture was maintained at 250 C. for 7 hours to an acid number of 4.15.
- Example V To show the effect of the ratio of reactants in the initial reaction on the solution of the isophthalic acid, five runs were made using 63 parts (4 equivalents) pentaerythritol and varying amounts of tall oil fatty acids. 50 parts isophthalic acid was then added and the mixture was maintained at 250 C. for 2 /2 hours. The appearance of the mixture was then noted. Following arethe results:
- Example VII A mixture of 340 parts (2.5 equivalents) tall oil fatty acids, 63 parts (4 equivalents) pentaerythritol, and 50 parts (1.4 equivalents) isophthalic acid was heated to 250 C. and maintained at that temperature for 2 /2 hours. The acid number was 24, and the mixture remained very cloudy with undissolved isophthalic acid.
- an alkyd resin comprising reacting at a temperature in the range of about 250 C. a long chain fatty acid obtained from an oil selected from the group consisting of drying oils, semidrying oils, nondrying oils, and mixtures thereof with pentaerythritol in the ratio of about 1.3 to 2.2 equivalents of fatty acid to about 4 equivalents of pentaerythritol to form fatty acid-pentaerythritol diester, dissolving in said diester at a temperature in the range of about 220-260 C. about 0.5-1.5 equivalents of isophthalic acid, and reacting with the resulting product about 0.3-2.5 equivalents of said long chain fatty acid.
- a long chain fatty acid obtained from an oil selected from the group consisting of drying oils, semidrying oils, nondrying oils, and mixtures thereof with pentaerythritol in the ratio of about 1.3 to 2.2 equivalents of fatty acid to about 4 equivalents of pentaerythritol to form
- said fatty acid comprises a vinyl toluene modified fatty acid of a drying oil.
Description
United States Patent O LOW TEMPERATURE PREPARATION OF ALKYD RESINS FROM LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS John S. Heckles, Lancaster Township, Lancaster County, Pa., assignor to Armstrong Cork Company, Lancaster, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Application June 20, 1955 Serial No. 516,804
6 Claims c1. 260 -22 ing oil length. For example, the formation of an alkyd 1 from tall oil fatty acid, pentaerythritol, and phthalic acid or anhydride has been thoroughly explored in the art.
The use of isophthalic acid in place of the phthalic acid or anhydride has also been described. However, isophthalic acid calls for more stringent reaction conditions. Thus, the usual manner of preparing the alkyds is simply to mix together the requisite amounts of long chain fatty acid, polyhydric alcohol, and isophthalic acid, heat the mixture to a temperature of at least about 290 C., and maintain the temperature at that high level until the desired acid number is obtained. Although such a procedure produces an excellent alkyd resin, there is an unavoidable loss of isophthalic acid and pentaerythritol dueto entrainment, or sublimation, or other similar mechanism.
It is the primary object of the present invention to present a process whereby such losses are avoided. It-
is a further object of the present invention to present a process whereby reaction between a long chain fatty acid, a polyhydric alcohol, and isophthalicacid may be accomplished at temperatures substantially lower than those previously found necessary.
These objects have been accomplished in a surprisingly effective manner. The invention contemplates reacting a long chain fatty acid with pentaerythritol in the ratio of about 1.0 to 2.2 equivalents of fatty acid to about 4 equivalents of alcohol. The isophthalic acid is then added to this partial ester at a temperature in the range of about 220-260 C. and in an amount of about 0.5-1.5 equivalents of isophthalic acid per 4 equivalents of polyhydric alcohol. Thereafter the balance of the long chain fatty acid is reacted with the product.
The long chain fatty acids contemplated for use in the process of the present invention are those obtained from drying, semidrying, or nondrying oils. Exemplary of the oils from which the fatty acids are obtained are soy bean, linseed, cottonseed, castor, dehydrated castor, corn, perilla, tall, coconut, and tallow oils. The long chain fatty acids are those known to be present in such oils, as for example, stearic, el eostearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, ricinoleic, and often lauric. The various isomers of these acids such as are found in some processed oils are also suitable. The styrene or vinyl toluene modified siccative oils may be used as total or partial replacements for the fatty acids. These productsare prepared by reacting styrene or vinyl toluene with a bodied drying v polyhydricalcohol, however, the isophthalic acid swiftly Patented Nov. 18, 1958 or semidrying oil, preferably in the presence of a catalyst to produce a modified oil generally having an oil length of about 60%. v p
:The polyhydric alcohol to be used in the present process must contain four hydroxy groups. .Should the alcohol contain less than the requisite four hydroxy groups, as for example glycerine with three, the resulting alkyd does not possess suflicient molecular weight to serve the role intended.
The dibasic acid used in the present invention is isophthalic acid. a
The invention contemplates reacting initially a portion of the total of the long chain fatty acids with the pentaerythr'itol. The relative amounts of the fatty acid and the polyhydric alcohol in'the initial reaction must be maintained within fairly narrow limits if the isophthalic acid is to react swiftly on subsequent addition. On an equivalent basis, the ratio is about 1.0 to about 2.2 equivalents of fatty acid to about 4 equivalents of alcohol.
On amole basis, about 1-2 moles of fatty acid are reacted with about 1 mole of pentaerythritol. It can readily be seen that the goal in general in this initial reaction is to form the fatty acid-pentaerythritol diester. One of the surprising features of the present invention is that the initial reaction should not produce a compound substantially varying from the diester, otherwise the isophthalic acid will i not dissolve in the reaction product at the relatively low temperatures contemplated by the present process. reaction about 2.4 equivalents of the fatty acid are reacted with about 4 equivalents of the polyhydric alcohol, the subsequent addition of isophthalic acid will not pro duce, a;reaction within a reasonable time at the temperatur'es contemplated by the present invention.
The conditions of the initial reaction of the long chain fatty acid and the pentaerythritol are in accordance with usual alkyd practice. ried out at a, temperature in the range of about 250 C., and preferably at about 220 C. At this latter temperature, the reaction generally takes about 3 hours, during which times substantially all the fatty acid reacts. It is preferred that the acid number be brought down to 3-10. I
When the initial reaction is complete, the isophthalic acid is added and the reaction mixture is raised to a' temperature of between about 220275 C., and preferably about 250 C. The amount of isophthalic acid to be added will be greater than 0 and less than 2 equivalents per 4equivale'nts of the polyhydric alcohol. Gen erally speaking, the amount of isophthalic acid will rangev heat the mixture to a temperature of about 250 C., it
with known practice involving isophthalic acid; this prac- A tice, ,.how ever,yproduces losses due to volatilization or entrainment of the pentaerythritol and isophthalic acid,
as explained earlier. 7
By adding the isophthalic acid to a reaction mixture comprising substantially a 'diester of the fatty acid and In fact, it has been found that if in the initial The initial reaction may be cargoes into solution, usually taking /z1 hour to do so. Additional reaction time may be utilized if desired.
Once the isophthalic acid has dissolved, the balance of the long chain fatty acid may be added to the mixture. In accordance with the amouhfts given above, this amount of long chain fatty acid will be about 0.3-2.5 equivalents per 4 equivalents of polyhydric alcohol. "metem 'eraane should'be maintained in the range of about 220T275' C., and preferably at about 250 C., until the desired extentof reaction has taken place. Where the alkyd re'sinis" to be used as a paint vehicle, it is preferred that the acid number of the final product be in the range of about 5-10.
Varying the relative amounts of ingredients within the ranges listed above will produce alkyd resins having slightly different properties in accordance with precisely what is desired. For instance, increasing the amount of isophthalic acid within the above-listed ranges gives a tougher paint film, higher solvent resistance, quicker cure, and tends to yield a paint vehicle that gives a heatcured film as opposed to an air-cured film. In accordance with usual alkyd practice, the total carboxylic acid equivalents should be about equal to the total hydroxyl equivalents in the reactants; a 5% excess of hydroxy equivalents is preferred.
The following examples illustrate several embodiments ofthe invention. All parts are by weight unless otherwise stated.
Example I To an alkyd reactor equipped with agitator, reflux condenser, water trap, and CO inlet tube there was added 453 parts Acintol FA-l (tall oil fatty acids, 1% rosin), which was then heated to 200 C. To the fatty acids was added 105 parts technical pentaerythritol, sold under the name Pentek, and the reaction mixture was maintained at 200 C. for 2 hours and then 220 C. for 3 hours. The mixture was then raised to a temperature of 250 C., whereupon there was added 83 parts isophthalic acid, and the mixture was maintained at 250 C. for 2 hour. There was then added an additional 110 parts of fatty acid. The resultant mixture was maintained at 250 C. for 2 hours to an acid number of 8.
The resultant alkyd was an excellent paint vehicle.
Example 11 Example III A mixture of 386 parts vinyl toluene modified fatty acid of 70% oil length wherein the fatty acid consisted of 90% tall oil fatty acids and dehydrated castor oil fatty acids, plus 66 parts Pentek," was heated to 220 C. for 2 hours. There was then added 23 parts isophthalic acid, and the mixture raised to 250 C. and maintained at that temperature for /2 hour. At the end of the V2 hour, the solution had cleared; the isophthalic acid had completely dissolved. There was then added 224 parts of the vinyl toluene modified tall oil described above and the mixture was maintained at 250 C. for 7 hours to an acid number of 4.76.
Example IV A mixture of 465 parts of vinyl toluene modified tall oil (65% oil length) plus 75 parts Pentek was heated 4 to 220 C. for 2 hours. There was then added 38 parts Pentek and the mixture was heated to 250 C. for 1 hour. At the end of the hour, the solution was clear. There was then added 157 parts of the vinyl toluene modified tall oil fatty acids described above, and the mixture Was maintained at 250 C. for 7 hours to an acid number of 4.15.
Example V To show the effect of the ratio of reactants in the initial reaction on the solution of the isophthalic acid, five runs were made using 63 parts (4 equivalents) pentaerythritol and varying amounts of tall oil fatty acids. 50 parts isophthalic acid was then added and the mixture was maintained at 250 C. for 2 /2 hours. The appearance of the mixture was then noted. Following arethe results:
lfydroxyl Fatty Acid Appearance 2% Hours After Addition Eqs. Acid Eqs. N o. of Isophthalic Acid 4- 2.5 4 Cloudy; batch filled with undissolved isophthalic acid. 4 2. 2 4 Very slight cloudiness. 4 2.0 3 Batch cleared after 55 minutes. 4 1. 5 3 D0. 4 1.3 3 Very slight cloudiness.
Example VII A mixture of 340 parts (2.5 equivalents) tall oil fatty acids, 63 parts (4 equivalents) pentaerythritol, and 50 parts (1.4 equivalents) isophthalic acid was heated to 250 C. and maintained at that temperature for 2 /2 hours. The acid number was 24, and the mixture remained very cloudy with undissolved isophthalic acid.
I claim:
1. The method of making an alkyd resin comprising reacting at a temperature in the range of about 250 C. a long chain fatty acid obtained from an oil selected from the group consisting of drying oils, semidrying oils, nondrying oils, and mixtures thereof with pentaerythritol in the ratio of about 1.3 to 2.2 equivalents of fatty acid to about 4 equivalents of pentaerythritol to form fatty acid-pentaerythritol diester, dissolving in said diester at a temperature in the range of about 220-260 C. about 0.5-1.5 equivalents of isophthalic acid, and reacting with the resulting product about 0.3-2.5 equivalents of said long chain fatty acid.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said long chain fatty acid comprises a tall oil acid.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein said fatty acid comprises a vinyl toluene modified fatty acid of a drying oil.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein said diester has an acid number in the range of about 310.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the final alkyd resin product has an acid number in the range of about 5-10.
.6. The method according to claim 1 wherein said fatty acid comprises a mixture of tall oil fatty acid and dehydrated castor oil fatty acid.
(References on following page) References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Kienle Dec. 6, 1932 Saunders Feb. 16, 1937 5 Canfield Oct. 24, 1950 Lum Feb. 3, 1953 Brunner -Q. June 17, 1956 6 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain Aug. 6, 1929 OTHER REFERENCES Isophthalic, Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, February 10, 1955, pages 10-17.
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF MAKING AN ALKYD RESIN COMPRISING REACTING AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 150*250*C. A LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID OBTAINED FROM AN OIL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DRYING OILS, SEMIDRYING OILS, NONDRYING OILS, AND MIXTURES THEREOF WITH PENTAERYTHRITOL IN THE RATIO OF ABOUT 1.3 TO 2.2 EQUIVALENTS OF FATTY ACID TO ABOUT 4 EQUIVALENTS OF PENTAERYTHRITOL TO FORM FATTY ACID-PENTAERYTHRITOL DIESTER, DISSOLVING IN SAID DIESTER AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 220*-260* C. ABOUT 0.5-1.5 EQUIVALENTS OF ISOPHTHALIC ACID, AND REACTING WITH THE RESULTING PRODUCT ABOUT 0.3-2.5 EQUIVALENTS OF SAID LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2973331A (en) * | 1957-02-01 | 1961-02-28 | Heyden Newport Chemical Corp | Forming alkyd resins by the incremental addition of the monobasic acid |
US3054763A (en) * | 1959-03-31 | 1962-09-18 | Standard Oil Co | Styrene modified isophthalic alkyds |
US3389015A (en) * | 1964-02-27 | 1968-06-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Dicyclopentadiene polymer modified polyester wire enamel and varnish |
EP3766914A1 (en) | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-20 | PPG Europe B.V. | A coating composition |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB316914A (en) * | 1928-05-03 | 1929-08-06 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Process for the manufacture of new resin-like products |
US1889923A (en) * | 1928-07-27 | 1932-12-06 | Gen Electric | Resinous condensation product |
US2071313A (en) * | 1933-12-21 | 1937-02-16 | Saunders Sydney Leonard Morgan | Process for preparing a synthetic resin composition |
US2527057A (en) * | 1948-01-08 | 1950-10-24 | Montclair Res Corp | Jute fiber-coating resinous material and process of making same |
US2627508A (en) * | 1949-06-27 | 1953-02-03 | California Research Corp | Long oil alkyd resins |
US2731430A (en) * | 1950-08-04 | 1956-01-17 | Ici Ltd | Vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons reacted with glyceride oils using boron halide catalyst |
-
1955
- 1955-06-20 US US516804A patent/US2861047A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB316914A (en) * | 1928-05-03 | 1929-08-06 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Process for the manufacture of new resin-like products |
US1889923A (en) * | 1928-07-27 | 1932-12-06 | Gen Electric | Resinous condensation product |
US2071313A (en) * | 1933-12-21 | 1937-02-16 | Saunders Sydney Leonard Morgan | Process for preparing a synthetic resin composition |
US2527057A (en) * | 1948-01-08 | 1950-10-24 | Montclair Res Corp | Jute fiber-coating resinous material and process of making same |
US2627508A (en) * | 1949-06-27 | 1953-02-03 | California Research Corp | Long oil alkyd resins |
US2731430A (en) * | 1950-08-04 | 1956-01-17 | Ici Ltd | Vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons reacted with glyceride oils using boron halide catalyst |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2973331A (en) * | 1957-02-01 | 1961-02-28 | Heyden Newport Chemical Corp | Forming alkyd resins by the incremental addition of the monobasic acid |
US3054763A (en) * | 1959-03-31 | 1962-09-18 | Standard Oil Co | Styrene modified isophthalic alkyds |
US3389015A (en) * | 1964-02-27 | 1968-06-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Dicyclopentadiene polymer modified polyester wire enamel and varnish |
EP3766914A1 (en) | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-20 | PPG Europe B.V. | A coating composition |
WO2021009079A1 (en) | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-21 | Ppg Europe B.V | A coating composition |
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