US2851397A - Process for the manufacture of coal-tar pitch - Google Patents
Process for the manufacture of coal-tar pitch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2851397A US2851397A US450798A US45079854A US2851397A US 2851397 A US2851397 A US 2851397A US 450798 A US450798 A US 450798A US 45079854 A US45079854 A US 45079854A US 2851397 A US2851397 A US 2851397A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- pitch
- coals
- bed
- tar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940108066 coal tar Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
- C10C1/00—Working-up tar
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high yield process for the manufacture of coal-tar pitch for road surfacing.
- One of the objects of the invention is to obtain a high yield of pitch in proportion to the amount of coal treated.
- coal-tars it is known that when coal is distilled in a neutral or reducing atmosphere, a solid product is obtained, on the one hand, known as coke or semi-coke, and on the other hand, volatile products are obtained, some gaseous, others condensable at normal temperatures which are called coal-tars.
- coal-tar pitches When the coal-tars are fractionated, light hydrocarbons and heavy products, known as coal-tar pitches,
- coal-tars there are numerous distillation processes which yield cokes and coal-tars which are specially suitable for specific uses but, usually, coal-tars are considered to be mere by-products of the coking process.
- the usual yields of coal-tar are, at the most, equal to 5% of the initial charge of coal used when produced in the conventional processes, that is to say, in coke and gas-works furnaces, and are equal to 10% to 12% when the operation is carried out at low temperature, and the corresponding yields of pitch residues are, in general, 3% and from 5% to 6%.
- coal-tars thus obtained are rich in products of high molecular weight having binding properties suitable for use either alone, with or without topping or after mixing with other coal-tars or fluid oils which act at the same time as solvent, plasticizer and condensation agent, so that it suffices to addthem to said coal-tars, before they are distilled, in order to obtain as a solid residue a coal-tar pitch having good binding properties.
- the invention also relates to the pitches obtained by the said process.
- Example 1 1000 kg. of small coal containing 32-35% of volatile materials, are distilled at a temperature of 550 C., in
- the gas when passing over this layer, agitates the same and transforms the mass into a fluidized bed in which the solid particles are vigorously stirred in a whirling movement, but are not carried away except for the finest or lightest particles.
- the said current of gas also heats this layer, under excellent conditions, the heat being transferred directly, without the help of any intermediary body, from the gas to the solid under conditions of agitation which are highly favorable to exchanges and which ensure the bed being maintained at a uniform temperature.
- the solid particles are rapidly raised to the required reaction temperature and escape from the apparatus through a discharge device by gravity. The volatile products produced during the operation are carried away by the gases and normally escape by an appropriate outlet.
- Example 2 In a distilling process similar to that of Example 1 but which is carried out at 500 C., 210 kg. of coal-tar, having a softening point of about 50 C., are prepared from 1000 kg. of coal, having 32-35% of volatile materials. This coal-tar is then mixed with an equal weight of high temperature coal-tar whose yield in pitch having a softening point K. S. of 75 C., is equal to 55%. This mixture is then distilled under a pressure of 20 mm. of mercury until the softening point K. S. of the residue reaches 75 C. In this way 385 kg. of pitch, whose properties are similar to those of the pitch described in the preceding example, are obtained.
- said stream of nitrogen being at a temperature of 550 C.
- said mixture consisting of equal weights of said heavy coaltar and anthracene oil at a temperature of 100 C., and said mixture being distilled under a pressure of 18 mm. of mercury until the softening point K. S. of said residue of said mixture reaches 73 C.
- said stream of nitrogen being at a temperature of 500 C.
- said mixture consisting of equal weights of said heavy coal-tar and high temperature coal-tar having a 55% yield of pitch of softening point K. S. of 75 C., and said mixture being distilled under a pressure of 20 mm. of mercury until the softening K. S. point of said residue of said mixture reaches 75 C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Working-Up Tar And Pitch (AREA)
Description
PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE or COAL-TAR PITCH Andr Agnan Raineau, Verneuil, France, assignor to Charbonnages de France, Paris, Erance, a public 1!]- stitution of France No Drawing. Application August 18, 1954 e ial No, 50, 8
Claims priority, application France August 27, 1953 Claim (Cl. 196-22) The present invention relates to a high yield process for the manufacture of coal-tar pitch for road surfacing.
One of the objects of the invention is to obtain a high yield of pitch in proportion to the amount of coal treated.
It is known that when coal is distilled in a neutral or reducing atmosphere, a solid product is obtained, on the one hand, known as coke or semi-coke, and on the other hand, volatile products are obtained, some gaseous, others condensable at normal temperatures which are called coal-tars.
When the coal-tars are fractionated, light hydrocarbons and heavy products, known as coal-tar pitches,
plasticizing properties.
There are numerous distillation processes which yield cokes and coal-tars which are specially suitable for specific uses but, usually, coal-tars are considered to be mere by-products of the coking process. The usual yields of coal-tar are, at the most, equal to 5% of the initial charge of coal used when produced in the conventional processes, that is to say, in coke and gas-works furnaces, and are equal to 10% to 12% when the operation is carried out at low temperature, and the corresponding yields of pitch residues are, in general, 3% and from 5% to 6%.
It has been found, and this is another object of the present invention, that the yield of coal-tar is exceptionally high when the coal is distilled in a bed strongly fluidized by a rapidly moving current of gas, such as a neutral gas, or nitrogen, by a low temperature distillation at between 500 C. and 600 C., as a result of which an exceptionally high yield, of the order of about 20%, of heavy coal tar, rich in pitch, is obtained.
It has been found, and this is yet another object of the invention, that the coal-tars thus obtained are rich in products of high molecular weight having binding properties suitable for use either alone, with or without topping or after mixing with other coal-tars or fluid oils which act at the same time as solvent, plasticizer and condensation agent, so that it suffices to addthem to said coal-tars, before they are distilled, in order to obtain as a solid residue a coal-tar pitch having good binding properties.
The invention also relates to the pitches obtained by the said process.
The specific features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description Which is merely given by way of example, without being in any way restrictive.
Example 1 1000 kg. of small coal containing 32-35% of volatile materials, are distilled at a temperature of 550 C., in
a current of a neutral gas, or nitrogen, at a speed of 0.3 or 0.4 metre per second relative to the carbonization nited States Patent 2,851,397 Patented Sept. 9, 1958 hie WhlCh they are put into contact with the gas entering the lower part of the reactor. The gas, when passing over this layer, agitates the same and transforms the mass into a fluidized bed in which the solid particles are vigorously stirred in a whirling movement, but are not carried away except for the finest or lightest particles. The said current of gas also heats this layer, under excellent conditions, the heat being transferred directly, without the help of any intermediary body, from the gas to the solid under conditions of agitation which are highly favorable to exchanges and which ensure the bed being maintained at a uniform temperature. The solid particles are rapidly raised to the required reaction temperature and escape from the apparatus through a discharge device by gravity. The volatile products produced during the operation are carried away by the gases and normally escape by an appropriate outlet.
By treating the charge of coal in this type of apparatus, granulated coke is obtained, on the one hand, and, on the other, 200 kg. of heavy coal-tar having a softening point of about 50 C. K. S. These 200 kg. of coaltar are thinneddown with-200 kg. of anthracene oil at 100 C. The mixture is distilled under a pressure of 18 mm. of mercury until the softening point K. S. of the residue reaches 73 C. About 300 kg. of pitch having binding and plasticizing properties which are perfectly suitable, in particular, for agglomerating purposes and for road surfacing, are thus obtained.
Example 2 In a distilling process similar to that of Example 1 but which is carried out at 500 C., 210 kg. of coal-tar, having a softening point of about 50 C., are prepared from 1000 kg. of coal, having 32-35% of volatile materials. This coal-tar is then mixed with an equal weight of high temperature coal-tar whose yield in pitch having a softening point K. S. of 75 C., is equal to 55%. This mixture is then distilled under a pressure of 20 mm. of mercury until the softening point K. S. of the residue reaches 75 C. In this way 385 kg. of pitch, whose properties are similar to those of the pitch described in the preceding example, are obtained.
This invention has been described and illustrated by the above examples in an explanatory way, which is by no means restrictive, and alterations of detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the prising the steps of establishing a bed of small granular coals in a reactor, passing a stream of nitrogen at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 600 C. through coal-tars having a 55% yield of pitch with softening point K. S. of 75 C. and anthracene oil, and distilling said mixture under a pressure ranging from 18 mm. to 20 mm. of mercury until the residue attains a softening point K. S. ranging from 73 C. to 75 C., whereby a solid pitch having high binding and road-surfacing qualities is obtained.
2. In the process according to claim 1, said stream of nitrogen being at a temperature of 550 C., said mixture consisting of equal weights of said heavy coaltar and anthracene oil at a temperature of 100 C., and said mixture being distilled under a pressure of 18 mm. of mercury until the softening point K. S. of said residue of said mixture reaches 73 C.
3. In the process according to claim 1, said stream of nitrogen being at a temperature of 500 C., said mixture consisting of equal weights of said heavy coal-tar and high temperature coal-tar having a 55% yield of pitch of softening point K. S. of 75 C., and said mixture being distilled under a pressure of 20 mm. of mercury until the softening K. S. point of said residue of said mixture reaches 75 C.
4. The process of manufacturing coal-tar pitch from a coal-tar obtained by distillation of coal in a fluidized bed; comprising the steps of forming a mixture at a temperature of 100 C. of equal weights of anthracene oil and said coal-tar, and distilling said mixture under a pressure ranging from 18 mm. to 20 mm. of mercury until the residue reaches a K. S. softening point ranging from 73 C. to 75 C., whereby a solid pitch having high binding and road-surfacing qualities is obtained.
5. The process of manufacturing coal-tar pitch from a coal-tar obtained by distillation of coal in a fluidized bed; comprising the steps of forming a mixture at a temperature of 100 C. of equal weights of anthracene oil and said coal-tar, and distilling said mixture under a pressure of 18 mm. of mercury until the residue reaches a K. S. softening point of 73 C., whereby a solid pitch having high binding and road-surfacing qualities is obtained.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,005,077 Dickson June 18, 1935 2,297,455 Brautigam et al. Sept. 29, 1942 2,319,326 Jenkner May 18, 1943 2,340,847 Parkes Feb. 1, 1944 2,395,041 Fair Feb. 19, 1946 2,414,586 Egloff Jan. 21, 1947 2,478,654 Croyere Aug. 9, 1949 2,606,145 Creelrnan Aug. 5, 1952 2,711,387 Matheson et a1. June 21, 1955 OTHER REFERENCES Abraham: Asphalts and Allied Substances, vol. I, 5th edition (New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 1945); page relied on.
Parry-ct al.: Drying and Carbonizing Fine Coal in Entrained and Fluidized State, Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 4954; page 22 relied on.
Claims (1)
1. IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING COAL-TAR PITCH FOR USE AS AGGLOMERATING AND ROAD SURFACING AGENTS, COMPRISING THE STEPS OF ESTABLISHING A BED OF SMALL GRANULAR COALS IN A REACTOR, PASSING A STREAM OF NITROGEN AT A TEMPERATURE RANGING FROM 500*C. TO 600*C. THROUGH SAID BED OF COALS FROM BELOW THE LATTER AT A RATE OF FLOW OF 0.3 TO 0.4 METER PER SECOND, WHEREBY SAID STREAM OF NITROGEN FLUDIZES SAID BED OF COALS AND AGITATES SAID COALS TO THEREBY ENSURE TRANSFER OF SUFFICIENT HEAT TO SAID COALS TO EFFECT DISTILLATION OF THE LATTER WITH A RESULTING YIELD OF ABOUT 20% OF HEAVY COAL-AIR RICH IN PITCH; THE FURTHER STEPS OF FORMING A MIXTURE OF A PREDETERMINED WEIGHT OF SAID COAL-AIR WITH AN EQUAL WEIGHT OF AN AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE COAL-TARS HAVING A 55% YIELD OF PITCH WITH SOFETENING POINT K.S. OF 75*C. AND ANTHRACENE OIL, AND DISTILLING SAID MIXTURE UNDER A PRESSURE RANGING FROM 18 MM. TO 20 MM. OF MERCURY UNTIL THE RESIDUE ATTAINS A SIFTENING POINT K.S. RANGING FROM 73*C. TO 75*C., WHEREBY A SOLID PITCH HAVING HIGH BINDING AND RIAD-SURFACING QUALITIES IS OBTAINED.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2851397X | 1953-08-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2851397A true US2851397A (en) | 1958-09-09 |
Family
ID=9689312
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US450798A Expired - Lifetime US2851397A (en) | 1953-08-27 | 1954-08-18 | Process for the manufacture of coal-tar pitch |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2851397A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4778585A (en) * | 1983-07-14 | 1988-10-18 | Research Foundation Of The City Univ. Of Ny | Two-stage pyrolysis of coal for producing liquid hydrocarbon fuels |
| US5314609A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-05-24 | Aristech Chemical Corporation | Process for preparing debenzolized tar and low-benzene centrifuged tar sludge |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US260614A (en) * | 1882-07-04 | Iron fence-post | ||
| US2005077A (en) * | 1931-06-12 | 1935-06-18 | Barrett Co | Coal tar oil and pitch |
| US2297455A (en) * | 1939-04-27 | 1942-09-29 | Brautigam Alfred | Coal tar pitch and a method for preparing the same |
| US2319326A (en) * | 1939-10-06 | 1943-05-18 | Jenkner Adolf | Process of producing bitumenlike materials from coal |
| US2340847A (en) * | 1940-01-19 | 1944-02-01 | Midland Tar Distillers Ltd | Tar product |
| US2395041A (en) * | 1942-12-03 | 1946-02-19 | Koppers Co Inc | Bituminous composition and process of manufacturing the same |
| US2414586A (en) * | 1942-09-05 | 1947-01-21 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Distillation of hydrocarbonaceous solids |
| US2478654A (en) * | 1944-10-27 | 1949-08-09 | Louvroil Montbard Aulnoye | Plastic bituminous material and method of making the same |
| US2711387A (en) * | 1949-11-30 | 1955-06-21 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Treating subdivided solids |
-
1954
- 1954-08-18 US US450798A patent/US2851397A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US260614A (en) * | 1882-07-04 | Iron fence-post | ||
| US2005077A (en) * | 1931-06-12 | 1935-06-18 | Barrett Co | Coal tar oil and pitch |
| US2297455A (en) * | 1939-04-27 | 1942-09-29 | Brautigam Alfred | Coal tar pitch and a method for preparing the same |
| US2319326A (en) * | 1939-10-06 | 1943-05-18 | Jenkner Adolf | Process of producing bitumenlike materials from coal |
| US2340847A (en) * | 1940-01-19 | 1944-02-01 | Midland Tar Distillers Ltd | Tar product |
| US2414586A (en) * | 1942-09-05 | 1947-01-21 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Distillation of hydrocarbonaceous solids |
| US2395041A (en) * | 1942-12-03 | 1946-02-19 | Koppers Co Inc | Bituminous composition and process of manufacturing the same |
| US2478654A (en) * | 1944-10-27 | 1949-08-09 | Louvroil Montbard Aulnoye | Plastic bituminous material and method of making the same |
| US2711387A (en) * | 1949-11-30 | 1955-06-21 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Treating subdivided solids |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4778585A (en) * | 1983-07-14 | 1988-10-18 | Research Foundation Of The City Univ. Of Ny | Two-stage pyrolysis of coal for producing liquid hydrocarbon fuels |
| US5314609A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-05-24 | Aristech Chemical Corporation | Process for preparing debenzolized tar and low-benzene centrifuged tar sludge |
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