US2847741A - Method of making washed shell mold - Google Patents
Method of making washed shell mold Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2847741A US2847741A US471930A US47193054A US2847741A US 2847741 A US2847741 A US 2847741A US 471930 A US471930 A US 471930A US 47193054 A US47193054 A US 47193054A US 2847741 A US2847741 A US 2847741A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- shell
- shell mold
- particles
- casting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052840 fayalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007603 infrared drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010112 shell-mould casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
Definitions
- This invention relates to shell molding and more particularly to the elimination of characteristic surface defects in low carbon, low alloy steel castings produced in conventional shell molds.
- such molds are generally formed of a mixture of silica or zirconite sand and a thermo-setting phenolic resin, either in powder form or in a solvent to achieve uniform coating of the grains of sand.
- dust suppressants are used for health purposes and sometimes a release agent is incorporated in the mixture to prevent the shell from sticking to the pattern which is heated during forming of the shell mold to set the resin.
- the characteristic surface defects of such low carbon, low alloy steel castings results from a reaction between the molten steel and the mold, and between components of the mold. It is believed that this reaction is at least partially caused by the gases produced in the formation of silicon carbide by combination of carbon in the phenolic resin with the sand, and it is further believed that the molten steel participates in this reaction by developing high temperatures sufficient to cause the production of such gas, and possibly the carbon in the steel accentuates the formation of such gas by participating in the reaction. It has also been discovered that the molten steel tends to pick up carbon from the mold when this reaction occurs, thereby resulting in undesirable carbon fluctuation in portions of the surface of the steel castings.
- the tion is to eliminate the characteristic surface defects of low carbon, low alloy steel castings formed in conventional shell molds, without the necessity of altering the conventional shell mold mixture and Without the necessity of burning the phenolic resin from the mold after formation thereof.
- a more Specific object of the invention is to wash the casting contacting surfaces of a conventional shell mold Without destroying the dimensional accuracy thereof.
- Another object of the invention is to wash the casting contacting surfaces of a shell mold with a material which penetrates the surfaces and is preferably inert with respect to the molten steel and with respect to the phenolic resin and the sand in the presence of molten steel, to prevent the formation of gases or other phenomena causing the characteristic surface defect of low carbon, low alloy steel castings produced in conventional shell molds.
- a further object of the invention is to devise a mold wash in the form of a slurry of water, and a wetting agent, such as, for example, alcohol and finely divided material such as titanium dioxide, manganese dioxide and cerium oxide in a particle size capable of penetrating the casting surface of a shell mold to a sutficient depth to prevent the reaction which causes the characteristic surface defects of low carbon, low alloy steel castings.
- a wetting agent such as, for example, alcohol and finely divided material such as titanium dioxide, manganese dioxide and cerium oxide in a particle size capable of penetrating the casting surface of a shell mold to a sutficient depth to prevent the reaction which causes the characteristic surface defects of low carbon, low alloy steel castings.
- the maximum efiiective particle size of such powders when used on conventional shell molds is about one micron, although it will be understood that the size of the pores in the shell mold determines the effective size of the wash particles which must penetrate the pores to be effective for the purposes above set forth. The penetration is necessary to provide a barrier to reaction of the shell components beneath the casting contacting surfaces thereof without developing a layer on the casting contacting surfaces substantially thicker than 20 microns.
- wash particles are most effective when the casting surface of the shell mold has been penetrated by such particles to a depth of at least of an inch and preferably of an inch.
- the casting contacting surfaces of the mold which define the casting cavity in which the casting is to be formed by molten steel poured in the usual manner are washed, as for example, by brushing, spraying, or flushing with a slurry of particles, such as titanium dioxide, manganese dioxide, or cerium oxide and. a wetting agent in water.
- the wash is applied until it has penetrated the casting surfaces of the mold, but has not built up a layer on such surfaces in excess of 20 microns.
- the washed shell is then dried by the application of heat as, for example, by heating in an oven, or by infra red drying, or by application of a torch primary object of the present invenflame to the layer. It has been discovered that this prevents the reaction which causes the characteristic surface defects of low carbon, low alloy steel castings without destroying the dimensional accuracy of the mold.
- the shell mold is then filled in the usual manner with molten low carbon, low alloy steel herein defined as a steel having a carboncontent not substantially in excess of about 1.5 percent by weight and a content of chromium, manganese, nickel, molybdenum, copper, vanadium, titanium and aluminum, singly or in any combination thereof within a range of about nil to 15 percent by weight. It has been found that steel castings produced in this manner are substantially free from the characteristic surface defects of low carbon, low alloy steel castings formed in shell molds according to conventional practices.
- a method of producing low carbon, low alloy steel castings comprising making a shell mold having sand particles bonded together by a thermo-setting resin, said mold having. a porous surface. defining a contour of a' casting tially in excess of 1 micron and then filling saidmold with said molten steel.
Description
United States Patent Ofltice 2,847,741 Patented Aug. 19, 1958 2,847,741 METHOD OF MAKING WASHED SHELL MOLD Application November 29, 1954 Serial N 0. 471,930
4 Claims. (Cl. 22-193) No Drawing.
This invention relates to shell molding and more particularly to the elimination of characteristic surface defects in low carbon, low alloy steel castings produced in conventional shell molds.
As is known in the art, such molds are generally formed of a mixture of silica or zirconite sand and a thermo-setting phenolic resin, either in powder form or in a solvent to achieve uniform coating of the grains of sand.
In some mixtures dust suppressants are used for health purposes and sometimes a release agent is incorporated in the mixture to prevent the shell from sticking to the pattern which is heated during forming of the shell mold to set the resin.
Although such shell molds ordinarily produce commercially acceptable iron castings and stainless steel castings, it is Well known in the art that low carbon, low alloy steel castings, such as those formed, for example of grade 8" steel, are subject to characteristic surface defects when formed in such molds. It is also known that this and other difficulties exist with respect to certain grades of stainless steel and malleable iron. Prior art efforts to solve this problem have largely been directed in one of two channels. One approach to the problem has been to discover a substitute for the sand, such as, for example, olivine, which is a relatively expensive magnesium silicate within the range of forsterite to fayalite. Although such sand substitutes improve the qualities of low carbon, low alloy steel castings, they are expensive and have not completely solved the difficulty.
Another prior art approach to this problem has been the incorporation of ceramic powder in the shell mold mixture. After formation of the shell mold, the phenolic resin has been burned out either by heating the entire mold or by burning the casting surfaces of the mold with a torch. Although such expediencies have eliminated the characteristic surface defects of low carbon, low alloy steel castings produced in shell molds, the expense of such processes is prohibitive, and it has been found that they tend to destroy the dimensional accuracy of the molds.
According to the present invention, it has been discovered that the characteristic surface defects of such low carbon, low alloy steel castings results from a reaction between the molten steel and the mold, and between components of the mold. It is believed that this reaction is at least partially caused by the gases produced in the formation of silicon carbide by combination of carbon in the phenolic resin with the sand, and it is further believed that the molten steel participates in this reaction by developing high temperatures sufficient to cause the production of such gas, and possibly the carbon in the steel accentuates the formation of such gas by participating in the reaction. It has also been discovered that the molten steel tends to pick up carbon from the mold when this reaction occurs, thereby resulting in undesirable carbon fluctuation in portions of the surface of the steel castings.
The use of mold washes to prevent the steel from contacting the shell mold has generally been regarded as impractical due to the fact that such washes destroy the dimensional accuracy of the mold which is produced to very close tolerances.
Accordingly, the tion is to eliminate the characteristic surface defects of low carbon, low alloy steel castings formed in conventional shell molds, without the necessity of altering the conventional shell mold mixture and Without the necessity of burning the phenolic resin from the mold after formation thereof.
A more Specific object of the invention is to wash the casting contacting surfaces of a conventional shell mold Without destroying the dimensional accuracy thereof.
Another object of the invention is to wash the casting contacting surfaces of a shell mold with a material which penetrates the surfaces and is preferably inert with respect to the molten steel and with respect to the phenolic resin and the sand in the presence of molten steel, to prevent the formation of gases or other phenomena causing the characteristic surface defect of low carbon, low alloy steel castings produced in conventional shell molds.
A further object of the invention is to devise a mold wash in the form of a slurry of water, and a wetting agent, such as, for example, alcohol and finely divided material such as titanium dioxide, manganese dioxide and cerium oxide in a particle size capable of penetrating the casting surface of a shell mold to a sutficient depth to prevent the reaction which causes the characteristic surface defects of low carbon, low alloy steel castings.
it has been discovered, in this connection, that grades of cerium oxide, manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide powders are ineffective for the purpose above described when the particles range in size from about 7 to 15 microns or greater. However, it has been found that manganese dioxide, titanium dioxide and cerium oxide powders, having a. particle size of from about .2 to about .75 micron, substantially eliminate such characteristic defects of low carbon, low alloy steel castings produced in shell molds, the casting contacting surfaces of which have been sealed with a slurry of such powder and a wetting agent in water. In this connection, it has been found that the maximum efiiective particle size of such powders when used on conventional shell molds is about one micron, although it will be understood that the size of the pores in the shell mold determines the effective size of the wash particles which must penetrate the pores to be effective for the purposes above set forth. The penetration is necessary to provide a barrier to reaction of the shell components beneath the casting contacting surfaces thereof without developing a layer on the casting contacting surfaces substantially thicker than 20 microns.
It has been found that the wash particles are most effective when the casting surface of the shell mold has been penetrated by such particles to a depth of at least of an inch and preferably of an inch.
According to the invention, after a conventional shell mold has been produced in the usual manner, as above described, the casting contacting surfaces of the mold which define the casting cavity in which the casting is to be formed by molten steel poured in the usual manner are washed, as for example, by brushing, spraying, or flushing with a slurry of particles, such as titanium dioxide, manganese dioxide, or cerium oxide and. a wetting agent in water. The wash is applied until it has penetrated the casting surfaces of the mold, but has not built up a layer on such surfaces in excess of 20 microns. The washed shell is then dried by the application of heat as, for example, by heating in an oven, or by infra red drying, or by application of a torch primary object of the present invenflame to the layer. It has been discovered that this prevents the reaction which causes the characteristic surface defects of low carbon, low alloy steel castings without destroying the dimensional accuracy of the mold.
The shell mold is then filled in the usual manner with molten low carbon, low alloy steel herein defined as a steel having a carboncontent not substantially in excess of about 1.5 percent by weight and a content of chromium, manganese, nickel, molybdenum, copper, vanadium, titanium and aluminum, singly or in any combination thereof within a range of about nil to 15 percent by weight. It has been found that steel castings produced in this manner are substantially free from the characteristic surface defects of low carbon, low alloy steel castings formed in shell molds according to conventional practices.
A Wash which has been particularly effective for the purposes above described has been devised in accordance with the following formulation:
150 parts by weight of water 100 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, particle size about..4 micron of a part by weight of cellulose gum 7 /2 parts by weight of a phenolic resin core binder.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of producing low carbon, low alloy steel castings comprising making a shell mold having sand particles bonded together by a thermo-setting resin, said mold having. a porous surface. defining a contour of a' casting tially in excess of 1 micron and then filling saidmold with said molten steel.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the layer particles are titanium dioxide.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the layer particles are manganese dioxide.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the layer particles are cerium oxide.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,169,386 Hall Aug. 15, 1939 2,491,096 Feagin Dec. 13, 1949 2,544,598 Kalina Mar. 6, 1951 2,592,337 Robertson et al. Apr. 8, 1952 OTHER REFERENCES The Iron Age, Oct. 30, 1952, pages 8892.
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF PRODUCING LOW CARBON, LOW ALLOY STEEL CASTINGS COMPRISING MAKING A SHELL MOLD HAVING SAND PARTICLES BONDED TOGETHER BY A THERMO-SETTING RESIN, SAID MOLD HAVING A POROUS SURFACE DEFINIGN A CONTROUR OF A CASTING TO BE FORMED IN SAID MOLD, THEN FORMING A LAYER ON SAID SURFACE PENETRATING THE PORES THEREOF TO A DEPTH OF AT LEAST 1/04 OF AN INCH AND DEFINING A COATING ON SAID SURFACE NOT SUBSTANTIALLY IN EXCESS OF 20 MICRONS, SAID LAYER BEING FORMED OF PARTICLES CONSISTING OF ONE OR MORE OF THE GROUP OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE, MANGANESE DIOXIDE AND CERIUM OXIDE, SAID PARTICLES BEING CHEMICALLY INACTIVE WITH RESPECT TO SAID SURFACE IN THE PRESENCE OF SAID STEEL IN THE MOLTEN STATE AND HAVING A PARTICLE SIZE NOT SUBSTANTIALLY IN EXCESS OF 1 MICRON AND THEN FILLING SAID MOLD WITH SAID MOLTEN STEEL.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US471930A US2847741A (en) | 1954-11-29 | 1954-11-29 | Method of making washed shell mold |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US471930A US2847741A (en) | 1954-11-29 | 1954-11-29 | Method of making washed shell mold |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2847741A true US2847741A (en) | 1958-08-19 |
Family
ID=23873554
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US471930A Expired - Lifetime US2847741A (en) | 1954-11-29 | 1954-11-29 | Method of making washed shell mold |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2847741A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3116522A (en) * | 1958-07-16 | 1964-01-07 | Howard F Taylor | Shell mold compositions |
| US3121269A (en) * | 1960-11-25 | 1964-02-18 | Amsted Ind Inc | Mold wash |
| US3180632A (en) * | 1961-10-02 | 1965-04-27 | North American Aviation Inc | Coated crucible and crucible and mold coating method |
| US3216074A (en) * | 1964-02-26 | 1965-11-09 | Edward N Harrison | Method for making shaped foundry articles |
| US3216073A (en) * | 1964-02-26 | 1965-11-09 | Edward N Harrison | Method and device for accurately aligning shaped foundry articles |
| US3243397A (en) * | 1961-08-18 | 1966-03-29 | Gen Motors Corp | Mold and core coating composition from calcined hydrated aluminum silicate, mica, and bentonite |
| DE1508720B1 (en) * | 1965-07-09 | 1970-06-04 | Combustible Nucleaire | Refractory coating, resistant to molten uranium, for crucibles, casting molds, their accessories and equipment |
| US3529654A (en) * | 1968-02-15 | 1970-09-22 | Crane Co | Improving the surface of ferrous articles by complexing agents |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2169386A (en) * | 1938-11-05 | 1939-08-15 | Birdsboro Steel Foundry & Mach | Manufacture of foundry molds |
| US2491096A (en) * | 1945-08-31 | 1949-12-13 | Austenal Lab Inc | Casting mold |
| US2544598A (en) * | 1948-02-28 | 1951-03-06 | Wetherill Engineering Company | Metal casting mold |
| US2592337A (en) * | 1949-07-23 | 1952-04-08 | Non Ferrous Die Casting Compan | Method of chill casting brass and other copper alloys containing zinc |
-
1954
- 1954-11-29 US US471930A patent/US2847741A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2169386A (en) * | 1938-11-05 | 1939-08-15 | Birdsboro Steel Foundry & Mach | Manufacture of foundry molds |
| US2491096A (en) * | 1945-08-31 | 1949-12-13 | Austenal Lab Inc | Casting mold |
| US2544598A (en) * | 1948-02-28 | 1951-03-06 | Wetherill Engineering Company | Metal casting mold |
| US2592337A (en) * | 1949-07-23 | 1952-04-08 | Non Ferrous Die Casting Compan | Method of chill casting brass and other copper alloys containing zinc |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3116522A (en) * | 1958-07-16 | 1964-01-07 | Howard F Taylor | Shell mold compositions |
| US3121269A (en) * | 1960-11-25 | 1964-02-18 | Amsted Ind Inc | Mold wash |
| US3243397A (en) * | 1961-08-18 | 1966-03-29 | Gen Motors Corp | Mold and core coating composition from calcined hydrated aluminum silicate, mica, and bentonite |
| US3180632A (en) * | 1961-10-02 | 1965-04-27 | North American Aviation Inc | Coated crucible and crucible and mold coating method |
| US3216074A (en) * | 1964-02-26 | 1965-11-09 | Edward N Harrison | Method for making shaped foundry articles |
| US3216073A (en) * | 1964-02-26 | 1965-11-09 | Edward N Harrison | Method and device for accurately aligning shaped foundry articles |
| DE1508720B1 (en) * | 1965-07-09 | 1970-06-04 | Combustible Nucleaire | Refractory coating, resistant to molten uranium, for crucibles, casting molds, their accessories and equipment |
| US3529654A (en) * | 1968-02-15 | 1970-09-22 | Crane Co | Improving the surface of ferrous articles by complexing agents |
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