US2836161A

US2836161A - Internal combustion engines

Info

Publication number: US2836161A
Application number: US613404A
Authority: US
Inventors: Primakoff Gregory Gavriilovich
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1956-10-02
Filing date: 1956-10-02
Publication date: 1958-05-27
Anticipated expiration: 1975-05-27

Description

May 1958 5. G. PRIMAKOFF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 2, 1956 v Inventor GREGORY lql R/lwwcw R/MAKQFF 6414/214 4 8mm, flmaam A Horn e ys May 1958 G. G. PRIMAKOFF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed-Oct. 2, 1956 I n venior 6RE60RY G4 VRl/LOV/OH PR/MAKOFF 5;

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Oct. 2, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Inventor GREGORY Game/mower! PRIMAKOFF A llorneva itates United INTERNAL COMBUSTIQN ENGINES Gregory Gavriilovich Primakoif, Bombay, India Application October 2, 1956, Serial No. 613,494

6 Claims. (Cl. 123122) where correct conditions are set up for the efficient combustion of the fuel delivered from the carburetor. The fuel mixture is converted into gaseous state and the heat of the exhaust gases of the engine is utilised for such conversion.

We are aware that it is already known to vaporise the fuel before it is introduced in the cylinders by utilising the heat from the exhaust gases which heat is supplied by one of the following means:

(a) The air is preheated before it enters the carburetor;

(b) The intake manifold is covered by a jacket through which exhaust gases are passed.

This invention has for its object to propose an improved method of and device for converting the fuel mixture into gaseous state before it is introduced into the cylinders of the engine.

It is also the object of this invention to propose means for supplying'water to the fuel mixture for cooling the gases that are formed from the fuel mixture.

It is usual in internal combustion engines to provide a mixing device such as a carburetor in which the fuel and air are mixed, the respective volumes of each being controlled. The mixture is drawn into the intake manifold by suction and from the said manifold the mixture is fed to the respective cylinders with which the manifold is communicating. In engines employing the carburetor and the intake manifold, it has been impossible heretobefore, it is believed, to distribute the fuel mixture uniformly to all the cylinders.

Another object of this invention resides, therefore, in

thedistribution of uniform quantity of fuel mixture at substantially uniform speed simultaneously to all the cylinders of the engine.

According to this invention the improved method of supply or distributing fuel mixture to the cylinders is characterised by that the fuel mixture from the carburetor is first lead into an inlet chamber which chamber has a restricted outlet passage and through this outlet passage the fuel mixture is led into a second inlet chamber and at the area of the said outlet passage, the fuel mixture is converted into a gaseous state, the heat at the passage being supplied by the exhaust gases of the cylinders, the fuel mixture in gaseous state being then supplied to the cylinders of the internal combustion engine.

According to another feature of this invention the total area of the outlet passage from the first inlet chamber to the second inlet chamber is not less than the opening of the intake fuel pipe from the carburetor leading into the said first inlet chamber.

The construction and structure of the inlet manifold and the exhaust gases outlet manifold have been modified in accordance with this invention. The inlet and the exhaust manifolds are so combined into a single body that the heat from the exhaust manifold can be utilised and this body for the purpose of convenience is referred to as a composite manifold.

The composite manifold according to this invention consists of a body including three chambers, a first fuel inlet chamber having an opening in its wall for receiving the fuel mixture from the carburetor, a second fuel inlet chamber communicating with the first chamber through a narrow outlet passage or slit, a third chamber housed within the second chamber and placed adjacent to the said slit, said third chamber communicating with the exhaust ports of the cylinders and having an outlet for exhaust gases, the second chamber having inlet ports on the opposite side of the said slit, said ports being connected to the inlet ports of the cylinders.

The invention will now be more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 shows sectional plan of the combined or composite inlet and exhaust manifold;

Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show respectively sections at BB, CC, DD, EE and FF of the composite manifold.

Fig. 7 shows the end View of the composite manifold.

Fig. 8 shows a perspective view partly in section.

Referring to the drawings, 1 shows a casting for the composite manifold body and in this is included the first inlet chamber 2 which has a fuel inlet opening 3 to receive the fuel mixture from the carburetor (not shown). The chamber 2 extends along the length of the engine and particularly up to the inlet ports 4 in the body opening into the respective cylinders (not shown). The embodiment shows by way of illustration a composite manifold for a six cylinder automobile engine in which the inlet ports at the ends feed two cylinders. 5 are the exhaust outlet ports in the body 1 and these receive the hot spent gases from the cylinders.

The chamber 2 is completely closed except for the fuel inlet opening 3 and a restricted passage or slit 6 from the said chamber. The passage 6 is in the form of a continuous or interrupted slit and its dimensions are such that the total area of said passage 6 is not less than the area of the inlet opening 3. The area of the passage or slit 6 is preferably equal to or slightly larger than the area of the inlet opening 3. The slit 6 is formed by projections or

guides

8A and 9A of two

covers

8 and 9 for the composite manifold as will be clear from the sections at CC and EE respectively.

When the engine is running, the fuel is drawn by suc tion through the carburetor and then through the inlet pipe which normally leads to the inlet manifold. In this case the fuel mixture first enters the first fuel inlet chamber 2 and then through the slit 6 enters a second fuel inlet chamber 7 and from the said chamber 7 it is drawn into the cylinders of the engine through inlet ports 4.

The second chamber 7 includes the exhaust gases chamber 10 and according to a preferredfeature the body or manifold 12 for this chamber is so positioned or located within the chamber 7 as to allow the fuel mixture to contact the outer surface of the said manifold as soon as the fuel m'mture is drawn through the slit 6 and wherea and keep the oil clean longer, which in such state drawn into'the area of larger section marked 7'Aintne second fuel inlet chamber 7.

Sections at CC and EE will illustrate that the exhaust gases chamber is made in. the shape of a falling. liquid drop or pear shaped in section so'that thefue'l. mixture drawn from the passage 6 by the suction of the engine immediately contacts a major area of the surface of the said body 12 thereby ensuring complete vaporisation, The converging shape of the body 12 affords easy flow .to

the gases into the enlarged section 7A of the second cham- The fuel mixture first contacts the body 12' immediately a at the foutltmouth of, the slit 6 and is directed along the narrow clearance. 6A so that an intimate contact ensuring complete vaporisation is established.

11 shows the packing material between the covers 8' and 9 and the composite body 1.

It will be'noticed that the fuel mixture first enters th V chamber 2 and from the said chamber it leaves through the slit 6 where it is converted into gaseous state and it then enters the second inlet chamber 7 Q In this chamber the fuel mixture is in complete gaseous state and, thereforeits distribution to the respective cylinders is uniform. The quality of the fuel gas fed to all the cylinders is also uniform so that by. virtue of this con stru'ction the conditions created are such as to result in even distribution of uniform quality of fuelin gaseous state simultaneouslyto all the cylinders.

By the useof the device the fuel mixture which is con- 'vertedinto gaseous state will travel at a uniform rate of speed and will, therefore, be simultaneously supplied in uniform required volume to each of the cylinders in the engine.

The wall 1A of the composite manifold and the exhaust manifold or body 12 can be made integral with each other as shown in the embodiment. The

chambers

2 and 7 are formed by the help of upper and lower covers 8 and 9' and by the

help'of guides

8A and 9A, the narrow slit or passage is formed 6 and clearances 6A are formed.

carburettor to the cylinders of the engine which comprises a composite body 'including'three chambers viz: a first fuel inlet chamber having an opening in its wall for receiving the. fuel mixture from the carburettor, a second fuel inlet chamber communicating with the first chamber through a narrow outlet passage or slit,'a third chamber housed with the second chamber and placed adjacent to the said slit, said third chamber being adapted to communicate with the exhaust ports of the cylinders and havirig an outlet for exhaust gases, the second chamber having inlet ports communicating with the inlet ports of the.

cylinders. p

2. In combination'withan internal combustion engine a device as claimed in claim I inrwhich the total area of the passage or slit from the first inlet'chamber to the second inlet chamber is not less than the opening of the carburettor fuel mixture outlet pipe or the fuel mixture inlet pipe to the first fuel inlet chamber. I i

3.111 combination with an internal combustion engine a device for supplyin'gthe combustible mixture fromthei carburettor to the cylinders of theengine which com prises a composite bodyincluding three chambersviz: a

V first fuel inlet chamber; having an opening in its wall for receiving the fuel mixture'from the carburettor, a second fuel inlet chamber communicating with the first chamber through, a narrow outlet passage or slit, a third chamber, housed with the second chamber and placed adjacent. to the said slit, said third chamber being adapted to communicate with the exhaust ports of the cylinders and having an outlet for exhaust gases, the second chamber having' inlet ports communicating with the inlet: ports of the cylinders, and wherein the composite body isrformed.

' by top and bottom covers and an exhaust manifold body This construction is important to thesuccessf'ul functioning. of; the device.

'14 shows. the flanges by which the composite manifold isconnected to the engine,

15 shows a fibre glass cover.

13, shows a water pipe connecti'on leading into a Water tank- (not shown). A small predetermined quantity of water. is also drawn into the charge by-suction. quantity of water can, however, be controlled by any convenient known means. mended to cool the gaseous fuelmixture whereby the 'etficiency of the engine is improved.i

The device herein proposed will afford effective vaporisationof the fuel for the internal combustion engine.

As fuelyenter's into the combustion chamber in the form of gas it cannot seep into oil sump in the form of fuel, even if firing has not taken place in the cylinder due to some reason. The gas will find its exit through the usual air outlet. in the oil chamber. This factor ill prevent contamination of the oil in the oil chamber turn will prolong the life of the engine. 7 a

I claim: 7 7

1. In combination with internal combustion engines a device for supplying the combustible mixture from the The use of water is recom- The with a wall of the first inlet chamber whereby the first fuel inlet and the second fuel inlet chambers and the ex haust chamber, and the slit are respectively formed. v

4. In combination with an internal combustion engine a device as claimed in claim 3 in which the top and the bottom covers have guides in the form of project-ions'zat their inside which projections combinedly form the out.- let passage from the first fuel inlet chamber to the second fuel inlet. chamber. 7 a

5. In combination with an internal combustion. engine a device for supplying the combustible mixture from the. careburettor to the cylinders of the engine whicmcomprises a composite body including three-chambers, the

first fuel inlet chamber, a second fuel inlet chamber; and e an exhaust chamber within the second fuelinlet cham I her, said body with the three chambers beingiflformedtby a single casting with top and bottom covers, said-single casting, comprising a wall of the'first inlet chamber and the exhaust manifold, the covers having guides in the form of projections at their inside which projections com-' binedly form the outlet passage or slit from the firstfuel inlet chamber to the second fuel inlet chamber, the sec.-

' tion of the exhaust manifold being in the shape of a drop in its section, the larger area surface of said exhaust manifold being close to the exhaust outlet passage or. slit.

6. In combination with an internal combustion engine a device as claimed in claim 3 in which packing material is provided between the top and bottom covers andthe body..

References Cited in the file of this. patent UNIIED STATES. PATENTS 1,273,356 Good Iu1y'23, 1918