US2816057A - Wood preserving composition - Google Patents

Wood preserving composition Download PDF

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US2816057A
US2816057A US522366A US52236655A US2816057A US 2816057 A US2816057 A US 2816057A US 522366 A US522366 A US 522366A US 52236655 A US52236655 A US 52236655A US 2816057 A US2816057 A US 2816057A
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free flowing
dichromate
wood
sodium
composition
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US522366A
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Cook Charles Donald
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HICKSON S TIMBER IMPREGNATION
HICKSON'S TIMBER IMPREGNATION CO (G B) Ltd
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HICKSON S TIMBER IMPREGNATION
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/12—Powders or granules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A01N59/20—Copper
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A01N59/22—Arsenic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/20—Compounds of alkali metals or ammonium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/32—Mixtures of different inorganic impregnating agents

Definitions

  • This invention is concerned with improvements in or relating to wood preservative compositions in powder form and is more particularly concerned with such wood preservatives as contain arsenic compounds.
  • arsenic compounds in wood preservative compositions is well known and in particular the use of compositions containing arsenic pentoxide, an alkali metal dichromate and copper and/or zinc salts has been proposed.
  • arsenic pentoxide in free form, has however been known to give rise to various difliculties, thus, for example, arsenic pentoxide is diflicult to handle by virtue of its tendency to deliquesce, its use is attended by health hazards, and the material cannot be ground readily to a fine powder.
  • compound with loosely combined water I mean compounds such as, for example, copper sulphate pentahydrate, which can lose a proportion of their water of crystallisation at temperatures of, for example, 20 C. and in particular at temperatures of 3540 C., that is temperatures which can be experienced in tropical or subtropical areas, in which the preservative might either be stored or through which it might be transported.
  • a deliquescent compound such as sodium dichromate or arsenic pentoxide the loss of water from, for example, copper sulphate penta-hydrate is accelerated with the result that the mixture will agglomerate or become a paste.
  • compositions containing arsenic pentoxide, in free form, copper salts and chromates and/ or dichromates has not developed to any great extent, although there are clear indications that such prepa rations would be advantageous from a preservative point of view.
  • alkali metal arsenates of a certain type hereinafter referred to as low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder may be conveniently used in the formulation of a wood preservative in powder form with improved results from the above-mentioned point of view.
  • I use the term low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder to designate an alkali metal or ammonium arsenate, preferably a sodium arsenate which in 1.2 w./v. aqueous solution gives rise to a pH of less than 4.6, preferably less than 3.6, but not less than 2.0.
  • the symbol w./v. indicates weight/volume on the metric scale.
  • Various grades of low pH alkaii arsenate free flowing powder can be prepared and I prefer to employ a low pH sodium arsenate free flowing powder containing from 60-70% by weight of combined arsenic calculated as arsenic pentoxide (AS205) based on an oven dry weight at C. It is to be noted that it may be desirable to add to the low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder, during its manufacture, or at a later stage, various diluents in order to regulate the characteristics, such as the pH and consistency, of the final product. Thus it has been found to be advantageous to add sodium sulphate to the low pH sodium arsenate free flowing powder to facilitate grinding. The incorporation of sodium bisulphate has also been found to be advantageous in facilitating the production of a free flowing powder and for regulating the pH of the preservative composition.
  • Such low pH arsenates can be preparedas free flowing powders and have a lesser tendency to pick up moisture than arsenic pentoxide.
  • the invention comprises a wood preservative composition in a powdered free flowing form adapted
  • a low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder as above defined together with a non-delinquescent copper and/ or Zinc salt and one or more of the following substances, namely potassium dichromate, ammonium dichromate and anhydrous sodium dichromate.
  • wood preserving composition according to the invention should not contain any deliquescent compounds.
  • deliquescent as used herein is used to designate such compounds for example as arsenic pentoxide or sodium dichromate which may absorb moisture from the surrounding atmosphere to such an extent that.
  • a wood preservative composition according to the present invention may also contain other compounds which have a preserving action. Such compounds are,
  • compositions according to the invention are therefore preferably such as have in aqueous 4% solution a pH within the range of from 2.0-2.8, preferably 2.1-2.25.
  • Alkali metal dichromates which can be used in the manufacture of wood preservative compositions include the dichromates of potassium and sodium. Of these we prefer to use potassium dichromate. When sodium dichromate is used there are certain disadvantages. Thus a mixture comprising a low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder, sodium dichromate and copper sulphate penta-hydrate can in general be stored for a reasonable length of time in a temperate climate when packed in air-tight containers. However, once the product is exposed to the atmosphere it quickly agglomerates or liquifies and becomes difficult and hazardous to handle. If, however, the anhydrous sodium dichromate is replaced by potassium dichromate the mixture can be exposed to the atmosphere for a substantially longer period without serious agglomeration and pasting.
  • copper sulphate penta-hydrate may be used providing a low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder containing less than 70% by weight of combined arsenic, calculated as arsenic pentoxide (AS205) based on an oven dry weight at 100 C., is employed.
  • AS205 arsenic pentoxide
  • Example 1 A wood preserving composition was made up as follows:
  • Example 2 A wood preserving composition was made up as follows:
  • Example 5 A composition was made up as follows:
  • Example 6 A composition was made up as follows:
  • Example 7 I A composition was made up as follows:
  • a wood preservative composition in a powdered free flowing form adapted to be dissolved in water prior to use for wood preservation comprising in admixture a member of the group consisting of alkali metal and ammonium arsenates which in 1.2% w./v. aqueous solution give a pH of less than 4.6, a member of the group consisting of non-deliquescent copper and zinc salts, and a member of the group consisting of potassium dichromate, ammonium dichromate and anhydrous sodium dichromate.
  • a wood preservative composition as claimed in claim 1 which has in 4% W./v. aqueous solution a pH within the range of from 2.0-2.8.
  • a wood preservative composition as claimed in claim 2 which contains sodium bisulphate.
  • a wood preservative composition as claimed in claim 3 having in 4% w./v. aqueous solution a pH within the range of from 2.1-2.25.
  • a wood preservative composition as claimed in claim 4 which contains sodium bisulphate.
  • a wood preservative composition in a powdered free flowing form adapted to be dissolved in water prior to 5 6 use for wood preservation comprising in admixture a References Cited in the file of this patent member of the group consisting of alkali metal and am- UNITED STATES PATENTS monium arsenates which in 1.2 W./v.
  • aqueous solution give a pH within the range of 2.0-3.6, a member of the 1520452 Ciumn 1927 group consisting of copper sulphate penta-hydrate and zinc 5 1365948 butt July 1932 sulphate hepta-hydrate, and a member of the group con- FOREIGN PATENTS sisting of potassium dichromate, ammonium dichromate 993,654 France Nov 5, 1951 and anhydrous sodium dichromate.

Description

2,816,057 PatentedDec. 10, 1957 Fire Woon PRESERVING coMPosrrioN Charles Donald Cook, Castleford, England, assiguor to Hicksons Timber impregnation Co. (G. B.) Limited, Castleford, Engiand, a British company No Drawing. Application July 15, 1955, Serial No. 522,366
Claims priority, application Great Britain February 3, 1955 6 Claims. (Cl. 16738.5)
This invention is concerned with improvements in or relating to wood preservative compositions in powder form and is more particularly concerned with such wood preservatives as contain arsenic compounds.
The use of arsenic compounds in wood preservative compositions is well known and in particular the use of compositions containing arsenic pentoxide, an alkali metal dichromate and copper and/or zinc salts has been proposed.
The use of arsenic pentoxide in free form, has however been known to give rise to various difliculties, thus, for example, arsenic pentoxide is diflicult to handle by virtue of its tendency to deliquesce, its use is attended by health hazards, and the material cannot be ground readily to a fine powder.
Initially dry compositions containing arsenic pento-xide, in free form, and one or more ingredients containing loosely combined water, for example copper sulphate penta-hydrate, in general quickly liquefy or become pasty even when packed in air-tight containers. Thus such a composition when packed in drums or other containers, becomes in general, virtually impossible to handle satisfactorily even after a short storage period. Thus not only are the handling difiiculties increased but the health hazards are likewise increased. The reason for this change in state has been traced to the interchange of water between compounds with loosely combined water (as water of crystallisation), for example copper sulphate penta-hydrate, and the very deliquescent arsenic pentoxide. The rate of interchange of the water is promoted by increasing the temperature on storage, for example the rate of interchange will be much greater in tropical .conditions than in more temperate climates.
By compound with loosely combined water I mean compounds such as, for example, copper sulphate pentahydrate, which can lose a proportion of their water of crystallisation at temperatures of, for example, 20 C. and in particular at temperatures of 3540 C., that is temperatures which can be experienced in tropical or subtropical areas, in which the preservative might either be stored or through which it might be transported. In the presence of a deliquescent compound such as sodium dichromate or arsenic pentoxide the loss of water from, for example, copper sulphate penta-hydrate is accelerated with the result that the mixture will agglomerate or become a paste.
As a result the use of compositions containing arsenic pentoxide, in free form, copper salts and chromates and/ or dichromates has not developed to any great extent, although there are clear indications that such prepa rations would be advantageous from a preservative point of view.
Previously the above mentioned disadvantages have been reduced to some extent by obtaining the several ingredients separately and making up the preservative at the time of use. Such a procedure is, however, inconvenient and may, inter alia, give rise to incorrect mixing of the ingredients and hence poor treatments. A further disadvantage is that the plant operator is exposed to the health hazards associated with the use of arsenic pentoxide either in solid or liquid form. Again these disadvantages have also been in part reduced by manufacturing a concentrated solution. Such a procedure oflers certain problems on storage and the concentrated solution is not as easy to handle as the free flowing powder at the treatment plant. Moreover the handling of a concentrated liquid containing arsenic pentoxide has been found to subject the plant operator to health hazards.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a wood preservative containing arsenic in the form of a free flowing powder wherein the above-mentioned disadvantages are reduced and which, for a reasonable time, remains in a form, which can be handled more readily, particularly at the treatment plants, than hitherto known compositions containing arsenic.
My investigations have shown that alkali metal arsenates of a certain type hereinafter referred to as low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder may be conveniently used in the formulation of a wood preservative in powder form with improved results from the above-mentioned point of view.
I use the term low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder to designate an alkali metal or ammonium arsenate, preferably a sodium arsenate which in 1.2 w./v. aqueous solution gives rise to a pH of less than 4.6, preferably less than 3.6, but not less than 2.0. The symbol w./v. indicates weight/volume on the metric scale.
Various grades of low pH alkaii arsenate free flowing powder can be prepared and I prefer to employ a low pH sodium arsenate free flowing powder containing from 60-70% by weight of combined arsenic calculated as arsenic pentoxide (AS205) based on an oven dry weight at C. It is to be noted that it may be desirable to add to the low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder, during its manufacture, or at a later stage, various diluents in order to regulate the characteristics, such as the pH and consistency, of the final product. Thus it has been found to be advantageous to add sodium sulphate to the low pH sodium arsenate free flowing powder to facilitate grinding. The incorporation of sodium bisulphate has also been found to be advantageous in facilitating the production of a free flowing powder and for regulating the pH of the preservative composition.
Such low pH arsenates can be preparedas free flowing powders and have a lesser tendency to pick up moisture than arsenic pentoxide.
Accordingly the invention comprises a wood preservative composition in a powdered free flowing form adapted,
to be dissolved in water prior to use for wood preservation comprising in admixture a low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder as above defined together with a non-delinquescent copper and/ or Zinc salt and one or more of the following substances, namely potassium dichromate, ammonium dichromate and anhydrous sodium dichromate.
It is preferred that the wood preserving composition according to the invention should not contain any deliquescent compounds.
The term deliquescent as used herein is used to designate such compounds for example as arsenic pentoxide or sodium dichromate which may absorb moisture from the surrounding atmosphere to such an extent that.
they become liquified.
A wood preservative composition according to the present invention may also contain other compounds which have a preserving action. Such compounds are,
By restricting the pH of the compositions according to the invention to not less than 2.0 or 2.1 it has been discovered that in addition to the above advantages of reducing the deliquescence and producing a free flowing powder, the rate of sludging of the preservative when in contact with the wood is also reduced. The compositions according to the invention are therefore preferably such as have in aqueous 4% solution a pH within the range of from 2.0-2.8, preferably 2.1-2.25.
Alkali metal dichromates which can be used in the manufacture of wood preservative compositions include the dichromates of potassium and sodium. Of these we prefer to use potassium dichromate. When sodium dichromate is used there are certain disadvantages. Thus a mixture comprising a low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder, sodium dichromate and copper sulphate penta-hydrate can in general be stored for a reasonable length of time in a temperate climate when packed in air-tight containers. However, once the product is exposed to the atmosphere it quickly agglomerates or liquifies and becomes difficult and hazardous to handle. If, however, the anhydrous sodium dichromate is replaced by potassium dichromate the mixture can be exposed to the atmosphere for a substantially longer period without serious agglomeration and pasting.
Where copper salts are to be used copper sulphate penta-hydrate may be used providing a low pH alkali arsenate free flowing powder containing less than 70% by weight of combined arsenic, calculated as arsenic pentoxide (AS205) based on an oven dry weight at 100 C., is employed.
In order that the invention may be well understood the following examples are given by way of illustration only:
Example 1 A wood preserving composition was made up as follows:
Percent by weight CuSO H O 28 NaHSO 15 NaH AsO (pH 4.5) 20 Kzcl'zoq This composition remained as a reasonably free flowing powder when stored in air-tight containers for considerable periods and could be exposed to atmospheric moisture pick up for a reasonable period without serious caking or congealing.
Example 2 A wood preserving composition was made up as follows:
Low pH sodium arsenate free flowing powder (pH 2.2-As O 2H O67%) containing sodium bisulphate 27 Cl-ISO45H3O This mixture can be stored for prolonged periods in temperate regions without substantial caking.
Such a mixture is stable to storage for several weeks in a temperate climate and could be exposed to atmospheric moisture pick up for a reasonable period without serious caking or congealing.
Example 5 A composition was made up as follows:
Percent by weight 41 K Cr 0 CuSO 5H O Low pH sodium arsenate free flowing powder (pH 2.2) containing sodium bisulphate: As O 2H O content 70% 26 Such a mix is stable to storage for several weeks in a temperate climate and could be exposed to atmospheric moisture pick up for a reasonable period without serious caking or agglomeration.
Example 6 A composition was made up as follows:
Percent by weight CuSO 5H O 35 Low pH sodium arsenate free flowing powder (pH 2.2As O 2H O67%) containing sodium bisulphate 26 Anhydrous sodium dichromate 39 Such a composition remains stable for a longer period than a similar composition containing arsenic pentoxide in place of the low pH sodium arsenate free flowing powder.
Example 7 I A composition was made up as follows:
Percent by weight (NH4)2C12O7 Low pH sodium arsenate free flowing powder (pH 2.2-As O 2H O67%) containing sodium bisulphate 26 Such a mixture is stable to storage for several weeks.
7 I claim:
1. A wood preservative composition in a powdered free flowing form adapted to be dissolved in water prior to use for wood preservation comprising in admixture a member of the group consisting of alkali metal and ammonium arsenates which in 1.2% w./v. aqueous solution give a pH of less than 4.6, a member of the group consisting of non-deliquescent copper and zinc salts, and a member of the group consisting of potassium dichromate, ammonium dichromate and anhydrous sodium dichromate.
2. A wood preservative composition as claimed in claim 1 which has in 4% W./v. aqueous solution a pH within the range of from 2.0-2.8.
3. A wood preservative composition as claimed in claim 2 which contains sodium bisulphate.
4. A wood preservative composition as claimed in claim 3 having in 4% w./v. aqueous solution a pH within the range of from 2.1-2.25.
5. A wood preservative composition as claimed in claim 4 which contains sodium bisulphate.
6. A wood preservative composition in a powdered free flowing form adapted to be dissolved in water prior to 5 6 use for wood preservation comprising in admixture a References Cited in the file of this patent member of the group consisting of alkali metal and am- UNITED STATES PATENTS monium arsenates which in 1.2 W./v. aqueous solution give a pH within the range of 2.0-3.6, a member of the 1520452 Ciumn 1927 group consisting of copper sulphate penta-hydrate and zinc 5 1365948 butt July 1932 sulphate hepta-hydrate, and a member of the group con- FOREIGN PATENTS sisting of potassium dichromate, ammonium dichromate 993,654 France Nov 5, 1951 and anhydrous sodium dichromate.

Claims (1)

1. A WOOD PRESERVATIVE COMPOSITION IN A POWDERED FREE FLOWING FORM ADAPTED TO BE DISSOLVED IN WATER PRIOR TO USE FOR WOOD PRESERVATION COMPRISING IN ADMIXTURE A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKALI METAL AND AMMONIUM ARSENATES WHICH IN 1.2% W./V. AQUEOUS SOLUTION GIVE A PH OF LESS THAN 4.6 A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CON-NSISTING OF NON-DELIQUESCENT COPPER AND ZINC SALTS, AND A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF POTASSIUM DICHROMATE, AMMONIUM DICHROMATE AND ANHYDROUS SOLDIUM DICHROMATE.
US522366A 1955-02-03 1955-07-15 Wood preserving composition Expired - Lifetime US2816057A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3094459A (en) * 1960-03-01 1963-06-18 James H Pickren Wood preservative
US3230137A (en) * 1961-03-22 1966-01-18 Silaco Chemical Company Control of slime in paper-making using ultra-violet irradiated silver fluoride

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1620152A (en) * 1925-06-24 1927-03-08 Western Union Telegraph Co Method of preserving wood and solutions therefor
US1865948A (en) * 1928-06-11 1932-07-05 Nutt William Francis Deodorant and cleansing powder
FR993654A (en) * 1949-03-02 1951-11-05 Osmose Holzimpragnierung Improvements to powdery and crystalloid impregnation products for wood

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1620152A (en) * 1925-06-24 1927-03-08 Western Union Telegraph Co Method of preserving wood and solutions therefor
US1865948A (en) * 1928-06-11 1932-07-05 Nutt William Francis Deodorant and cleansing powder
FR993654A (en) * 1949-03-02 1951-11-05 Osmose Holzimpragnierung Improvements to powdery and crystalloid impregnation products for wood

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3094459A (en) * 1960-03-01 1963-06-18 James H Pickren Wood preservative
US3230137A (en) * 1961-03-22 1966-01-18 Silaco Chemical Company Control of slime in paper-making using ultra-violet irradiated silver fluoride

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