US2816013A - Impregnated and coated fuel body and method - Google Patents

Impregnated and coated fuel body and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US2816013A
US2816013A US500645A US50064555A US2816013A US 2816013 A US2816013 A US 2816013A US 500645 A US500645 A US 500645A US 50064555 A US50064555 A US 50064555A US 2816013 A US2816013 A US 2816013A
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Prior art keywords
fuel body
composition
impregnated
charcoal
coating
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US500645A
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George B Powell
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Tamwell Enterprises
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Tamwell Enterprises
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/26—After-treatment of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/32—Coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • This-invention relates to "a fuelbody, and more particularly to an economical, coated and impregnated charcoal fuel body.
  • a further object is the provision of a fuel body that has been impregnated with a liquid hydrocarbon and then coated with a relatively impervious, flammable, organic polymerized material that when dry renders the fuel perfectly clean to handle.
  • Another object is to provide an easily ignitible fuel body that because of the ease and rapidity of manufacture, and the low cost of the materials, may be made available at a reasonably low cost.
  • the fuel body of the present invention is produced by first immersing a charcoal briquette in odorless mineral spirits for approximately one to two seconds. After withdrawing the briquette and holding for 30 seconds above the liquid hydrocarbon tank it is immersed in a tank of flammable coating material for approximately one second. When withdrawn from the tank the briquette is allowed to stand over the tank until the excess material has dropped 01f, then it is placed on a flat surface, such as glass, steel or other like smooth surface. At the end of about three minutes, it is turned over and placed on another like surface. When thoroughly dry it is removed and is ready for packaging.
  • charcoal a product of the destructive distillation of coal or wood
  • charcoal a product of the destructive distillation of coal or wood
  • wood charcoal is preferred, while for other purposes, coal charcoal would be equally satisfactory.
  • the size and shape of the fuel body is determined by the particular need. Charcoal pressed and molded into a self-sustaining briquette is the best form for cooking. Many uses for the present in vention are obvious, however, and therefore the particular need would dictate the size and form of the fuel body. Larger pieces, for instance, would be needed for use in starting'fires in fireplaces and other similar uses.
  • A'ny liquid hydrocarbon of sufficient volatility could be used in the present invention to impregnate the fuel body, but a mixture ofsubstantially pure liquid alkanes gives the preferredresults as the absence of appreciable amounts of aromatics results in substantially no smoke being produced during the burning.
  • These alkanes are commercially available and are usually known by the name odorless mineral spirits.
  • the acrylic ester resins are the preferred polymers, especially methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate. Also utilizable are methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, methyl ethacrylate, ethyl ethacrylate, propyl ethacrylate, methyl propacrylate, ethyl propa-crylate, and propyl propacrylate. Mixtures of the above, as well as copolymers may also be used successfully.
  • Other types of polymers that can be employed in the present process include the nitro celluloses, and the ethyl celluloses which effect the desired result of retaining the liquid hydrocarbon Within the fuel body.
  • cellulose nitrates may be added.
  • the nitrogen content of the cellulose nitrates should ideally be over 12%.
  • a coating material containing 40%50% cellulose nitrate in which the nitrogen content is 13.41% is the most suitable material, and produces a coating that is rapidly flammable and presents no safety hazards.
  • the coating material is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent so that it may easily be applied to the fuel body.
  • a solvent that does not evaporate too rap- Acetone Toluene; ml 25 Polyethyl acrylate gms 10.0 Cellulose nitrate (13.41% nitrogen) gms 7.54
  • the fuel body When dipped in the alkane composition the fuel body absorbs a sufiicient quantity of the liquid hydrocarbon composition during this interval so that it will burn for a period long enough to ignite the fuel body.
  • the flame from the burning of the hydrocarbon composition and coating material lasts for a time sufiicient to ignite the fuel body which becomes a glowing coal.
  • the fuel body If the fuel body is to be used to ignite other material, such as wood in a fireplace, its immersion time in the liquid hydrocarbon may be increased, depending on the particular use anticipated. The increase in absorbed hydrocarbon composition will result in a larger and longer lasting flame.
  • the fuel body after being impregnated with the liquid hydrocarbon, is held over the tank for approximately 30 seconds before being dipped in the coating material. This is to allow the greater part of the air within it to escape, as the air would cause bubbles in the surface of the coating material. Also the coating should be allowed to dry on the fuel body at about 20 C. More than one coat of the organic polymerized material may be applied to the fuel body, and to do this it is best to allow suflicient time between the application of each coat as above set down and then proceed as if only one coat had been applied as previously described. I
  • An easily ignitible fuel body comprising a self-sustaining body of highly porous charcoal, impregnated with a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon composition consisting of liquid alkanes substantially free of unsaturated and cyclic hydrocarbons, said composition having a distillation range between 25 and 300 centigrade, and a relatively impervious, flammable, polymerized coating around the body of suflicient thickness to retain said composition within the body for an extended period of time, said coating being selected from the group consisting of acrylic ester resins, nitro celluloses and ethyl celluloses, and having a melting point within the range of 25 to 300 centigrade.
  • the process of producing an easily ignitible fuel which comprises the steps of immersing a self-sustaining, highly porous body of charcoal in a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon composition consisting of liquid alkanes substantially free of unsaturated and cyclic hydrocarbons, said composition having a distillation range between 25 and 300 centigrade, for a time suflicient to impregnate the body with the composition; and subsequently coating the body with a relatively impervious, flammable, polymerized material of suflicient thickness to retain said composition within the body for an extended period of time, said material being selected from the group consisting of acrylic ester resins, nitro celluloses and ethyl celluloses, and having a melting point within the range of 25 to 300 centigrade.
  • said polymerized material includes cellulose nitrate containing approximately 13.41% nitrogen.

Description

IMPREGNATED AND COATED FUEL BODY AND METHOD George 'B. Powell, Daytona Beach, Fla, assignor to Tamwell Enterprises, Kansas City, Mo., a company Nbnmwing. Application April 1t, 1955', SerialNo. 500,645 5 Claims. (-21. 44-6) This-inventionrelates to "a fuelbody, and more particularly to an economical, coated and impregnated charcoal fuel body.
Theuse'of charcoal as a fuel for cooking food has gained .grea'tpopularity in recent years, both forindoor andoutdoor facilities. This-can'be attributed to a substantial lowering of the cost, the convenient 'forms now available and "the improvement-in the taste 'of food by charcoal broilingi The'most serious drawback totheuse of charcoal as a source of heat in broiling foodon a grill is the init-ial difficultyencountered in getting'thecharcoal to burn. The kindling point of charcoal being higher than the temperature produced by an ordinary match, some method suchas saturating or pouring on a highly flammable fuel before igniting with the match has been necessary. -l n the-alternative afire'of some easily ignitible material'may be started and then the charcoal added,--the cooking being held up until the first materialhas completely burned away because of the smoke and odor produced. Thisinconvenientand laborious processhas been a deterrent to many persons who otherwise would avail themselves (if the advantages of charc'oal broiling. 'Having- 'r'egard-to these problems-"arid difficulties, it-is pri-rnaryobject of-the-presentinvention to provide an easily ignitable fuel body that produces an intense heat. An equally important objcftheprovision of a fuel body that is-subStantialIy free of obnoxious s'itibke' and odor while burning.
A further object is the provision of a fuel body that has been impregnated with a liquid hydrocarbon and then coated with a relatively impervious, flammable, organic polymerized material that when dry renders the fuel perfectly clean to handle.
Another object is to provide an easily ignitible fuel body that because of the ease and rapidity of manufacture, and the low cost of the materials, may be made available at a reasonably low cost.
With these obects in view the process of producing the fuel body may best be demonstrated by the method hereinafter more fully set forth.
The fuel body of the present invention is produced by first immersing a charcoal briquette in odorless mineral spirits for approximately one to two seconds. After withdrawing the briquette and holding for 30 seconds above the liquid hydrocarbon tank it is immersed in a tank of flammable coating material for approximately one second. When withdrawn from the tank the briquette is allowed to stand over the tank until the excess material has dropped 01f, then it is placed on a flat surface, such as glass, steel or other like smooth surface. At the end of about three minutes, it is turned over and placed on another like surface. When thoroughly dry it is removed and is ready for packaging.
Although many porous combustible materials could be utilized in the present fuel body, charcoal, a product of the destructive distillation of coal or wood, has the desired Characteristic of producing an intense heat with substantae atent 2,816,0l3 Patented Dec. 10, 1957 tially no smoke. For cooking purposes wood charcoal is preferred, while for other purposes, coal charcoal would be equally satisfactory. The size and shape of the fuel body is determined by the particular need. Charcoal pressed and molded into a self-sustaining briquette is the best form for cooking. Many uses for the present in vention are obvious, however, and therefore the particular need would dictate the size and form of the fuel body. Larger pieces, for instance, would be needed for use in starting'fires in fireplaces and other similar uses.
A'ny liquid hydrocarbon of sufficient volatility could be used in the present invention to impregnate the fuel body, but a mixture ofsubstantially pure liquid alkanes gives the preferredresults as the absence of appreciable amounts of aromatics results in substantially no smoke being produced during the burning. These alkanes are commercially available and are usually known by the name odorless mineral spirits.
Some important factors must be taken into account in determining th'e'rnost satisfactory mixture to be used. It has been found that the higher the boiling point, the longer the evaporation rate, and the lower the kauri butanol number, the longer the alkane compositions are confined in the charcoal body. The specific gravity of the liquid alkanes must not be too high as excessive white smoke may result during the burning. Aromatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons are not as easily confined within the interstices of the charcoal and also have the objectionable tendency to create odor and smoke when burned. An example of a-suitable alkane mixture is the following:
Distillation ran e, 0.:
Kauri butanol numberttt Flash paint, C 809 Evaporation ra'te (minutes) 1 07 The practical limit of the boiling point would be-approximately 300* centigrade and the minimum would of secessit'ybeno'lewer than 25 Centigrade.
It has been found that various organic polymerized materials are suitable as the coating material for the present fuel body. Many polymers could be utilized, but they preferably should have the following characteristics; melting point within the range of 25 C. to 300 C., flammable, relatively impervious to the liquid hydrocarbon fraction, and produce very little smoke or odor during burning.
The acrylic ester resins are the preferred polymers, especially methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate. Also utilizable are methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, methyl ethacrylate, ethyl ethacrylate, propyl ethacrylate, methyl propacrylate, ethyl propa-crylate, and propyl propacrylate. Mixtures of the above, as well as copolymers may also be used successfully. Other types of polymers that can be employed in the present process include the nitro celluloses, and the ethyl celluloses which effect the desired result of retaining the liquid hydrocarbon Within the fuel body.
In order to render the polyacrylate coating materials more flammable, cellulose nitrates may be added. The nitrogen content of the cellulose nitrates should ideally be over 12%. A coating material containing 40%50% cellulose nitrate in which the nitrogen content is 13.41% is the most suitable material, and produces a coating that is rapidly flammable and presents no safety hazards.
The coating material is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent so that it may easily be applied to the fuel body. In order to assure a monolithic coating without bubbles, it is best to use a solvent that does not evaporate too rap- Acetone Toluene; ml 25 Polyethyl acrylate gms 10.0 Cellulose nitrate (13.41% nitrogen) gms 7.54
When dipped in the alkane composition the fuel body absorbs a sufiicient quantity of the liquid hydrocarbon composition during this interval so that it will burn for a period long enough to ignite the fuel body. The flame from the burning of the hydrocarbon composition and coating material lasts for a time sufiicient to ignite the fuel body which becomes a glowing coal. If the fuel body is to be used to ignite other material, such as wood in a fireplace, its immersion time in the liquid hydrocarbon may be increased, depending on the particular use anticipated. The increase in absorbed hydrocarbon composition will result in a larger and longer lasting flame.
The fuel body, after being impregnated with the liquid hydrocarbon, is held over the tank for approximately 30 seconds before being dipped in the coating material. This is to allow the greater part of the air within it to escape, as the air would cause bubbles in the surface of the coating material. Also the coating should be allowed to dry on the fuel body at about 20 C. More than one coat of the organic polymerized material may be applied to the fuel body, and to do this it is best to allow suflicient time between the application of each coat as above set down and then proceed as if only one coat had been applied as previously described. I
Having thus described the invention what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. An easily ignitible fuel body comprising a self-sustaining body of highly porous charcoal, impregnated with a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon composition consisting of liquid alkanes substantially free of unsaturated and cyclic hydrocarbons, said composition having a distillation range between 25 and 300 centigrade, and a relatively impervious, flammable, polymerized coating around the body of suflicient thickness to retain said composition within the body for an extended period of time, said coating being selected from the group consisting of acrylic ester resins, nitro celluloses and ethyl celluloses, and having a melting point within the range of 25 to 300 centigrade.
2. A fuel body as set forth in claim 1 wherein the distillation range of said composition is within the range of approximately 210 to 240 centigrade, the kauri butanol number of the same is approximately 23 and the evaporation rate thereof is approximately 100 minutes.
3. The process of producing an easily ignitible fuel which comprises the steps of immersing a self-sustaining, highly porous body of charcoal in a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon composition consisting of liquid alkanes substantially free of unsaturated and cyclic hydrocarbons, said composition having a distillation range between 25 and 300 centigrade, for a time suflicient to impregnate the body with the composition; and subsequently coating the body with a relatively impervious, flammable, polymerized material of suflicient thickness to retain said composition within the body for an extended period of time, said material being selected from the group consisting of acrylic ester resins, nitro celluloses and ethyl celluloses, and having a melting point within the range of 25 to 300 centigrade.
4. A process as set forth in claim 3 wherein said polymerized material includes cellulose nitrate containing approximately 13.41% nitrogen.
5. A process as set forth in claim 3 wherein said coating is formed on the body by dipping the latter into a solution containing cellulose nitrate (13.41% N) and polyethyl acrylate dissolved in an admixture of acetone and toluene.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,120,206 Nelson June 7, 1938 2,604,389 Berdick July 22, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 477,770 Canada Oct. 16, 1951

Claims (1)

1. AN EASILY IGNITIBLE FUEL BODY COMPRISING A SELF-SUS TAINING BODY OF HIGHLY POROUS CHARCOAL, IMPREGNATED WITH A SATURATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARNON COMPOSITION CONSISTING OF LIQUID ALKANES SUBSTANTIALLY FREE OF UNSATURATED AND CYCLIC HYDROCARBONS, SAID COMPOSITION HAVING A DISTILLA TION RANGE BERTWEEN 25* AND 300* C, AND A RELATIVELY UMPERVIOUS, FLAMMABLE, POLYMERIZED COATING AROUND THE BODY OF SUFFICIENT THICKNESS TO RETAIN SAID COMPOSITION WITHIN THE BODY FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME, SAID COATING BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ACRYLIC ESTER RESINS, NITRO CELLULOSES AND ETHYL CELLULOSES, AND HAVING A MELTING POINT WITHIN THE RANGE OF 25* TO 300% CENTIGRADE.
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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2963352A (en) * 1956-11-05 1960-12-06 Claude E Davis Packaged impregnated charcoal fuel product
DE1237531B (en) * 1958-05-20 1967-03-30 Hoechst Ag Process for wrapping coal briquettes
US3337312A (en) * 1963-12-09 1967-08-22 Douglas Louis Breithaupt Solid fuel coatings
DE1270000B (en) * 1961-12-14 1968-06-12 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Hardening of briquettes
US3395002A (en) * 1966-11-02 1968-07-30 Fmc Corp Instant igniting charcoal
US3431093A (en) * 1967-01-10 1969-03-04 Fmc Corp Instant-igniting charcoal
FR2514024A1 (en) * 1981-10-06 1983-04-08 Int Monopoly Ass WATERPROOF BRIQUETTES AND THEIR PREPARATION METHOD
FR2595099A1 (en) * 1986-02-12 1987-09-04 Guerout Philippe Coating for charcoal
US4810256A (en) * 1987-01-15 1989-03-07 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Composite fuel article
US6093224A (en) * 1999-04-26 2000-07-25 Jones; Gary T. Long burning fire starter
US20030080456A1 (en) * 2001-06-13 2003-05-01 Tai Cui Bao Combustible fuel composition and method
DE102007030402A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-02 Alfons Schiller Fuel for heating a grilling arrangement, comprises a first component, which consists of charcoal, and charcoal ignition components, which consist of inflammable materials
US20100192454A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2010-08-05 Alfons Schiller Fuel for Heating an Appliance for Grilling
US20150166917A1 (en) * 2011-09-07 2015-06-18 Clean Coal Technologies, Inc. Treatment of coal

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2120206A (en) * 1935-08-30 1938-06-07 Texas Co Treated fuel
CA477770A (en) * 1951-10-16 Melvin Nordvall Erick Fire kindlers
US2604389A (en) * 1949-11-04 1952-07-22 Berdick Murray Compressed fuel units of diisopropylideneglyoxal

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA477770A (en) * 1951-10-16 Melvin Nordvall Erick Fire kindlers
US2120206A (en) * 1935-08-30 1938-06-07 Texas Co Treated fuel
US2604389A (en) * 1949-11-04 1952-07-22 Berdick Murray Compressed fuel units of diisopropylideneglyoxal

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2963352A (en) * 1956-11-05 1960-12-06 Claude E Davis Packaged impregnated charcoal fuel product
DE1237531B (en) * 1958-05-20 1967-03-30 Hoechst Ag Process for wrapping coal briquettes
DE1270000B (en) * 1961-12-14 1968-06-12 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Hardening of briquettes
US3337312A (en) * 1963-12-09 1967-08-22 Douglas Louis Breithaupt Solid fuel coatings
US3395002A (en) * 1966-11-02 1968-07-30 Fmc Corp Instant igniting charcoal
US3431093A (en) * 1967-01-10 1969-03-04 Fmc Corp Instant-igniting charcoal
FR2514024A1 (en) * 1981-10-06 1983-04-08 Int Monopoly Ass WATERPROOF BRIQUETTES AND THEIR PREPARATION METHOD
FR2595099A1 (en) * 1986-02-12 1987-09-04 Guerout Philippe Coating for charcoal
US4810256A (en) * 1987-01-15 1989-03-07 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Composite fuel article
US6093224A (en) * 1999-04-26 2000-07-25 Jones; Gary T. Long burning fire starter
US20030080456A1 (en) * 2001-06-13 2003-05-01 Tai Cui Bao Combustible fuel composition and method
US7022147B2 (en) 2001-06-13 2006-04-04 Mbzq, L.L.C. Combustible fuel composition and method
DE102007030402A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-02 Alfons Schiller Fuel for heating a grilling arrangement, comprises a first component, which consists of charcoal, and charcoal ignition components, which consist of inflammable materials
US20100192454A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2010-08-05 Alfons Schiller Fuel for Heating an Appliance for Grilling
US20150166917A1 (en) * 2011-09-07 2015-06-18 Clean Coal Technologies, Inc. Treatment of coal

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