US28091A - Constbtjction of cement drains - Google Patents

Description

B. LIVERMORE.

Laying Cement Aqueducts. v No. 28,091. Patented May 1, 1860.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN LIVERMORE, OF HARTLAND, VERMONT.

CONSTRUCTION OF CEMENT DRAINS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 28,091, dated May 1, 1860.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN LIVERMORE, of Hartland, in the county of IVindsor and State of Vermont, have invented a new and Improved Mode of Laying Cement Aqueducts or l/Vater-Pipes, and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which Figure 1, represents a top view of the improvement. Fig. 2, represents a side view of the same, the sides of the ditch being removed.

This invention consists in covering, or enveloping the mortar as it is placed around the rod or core in the ditch, or trench, to form the aqueduct, or water pipe, with a, strip of cloth, paper, or any other similar flexible material, to prevent the bare mortar from coming in contact with the mold or former, and adhering to it while the mortar is being molded or formed into shape around the rod or core, and to hold the newly formed pipe in place and shape, around the rod or core, and revent stones and lumps of earth from sett ing into it while the earth is being thrown on, and firmly tamped and compressed around it. Also to prevent the earth from coming in contact with the bare fresh mortar and rendering it more friable and porous, by absorbing a port-ion of the water and cement therefrom. And also, when laying the aqueduct or Water pipe, through wet ground, to prevent the water from pressing against, and into the bare and freshly laid mortar and dissolving it.

To enable others skilled in the art to make use of my invention I will proceed to describe it.

In the drawings a, a, represents the ditch or trench.

5, represents the cement aqueduct, or water pipe, as it is being laid in a groove, or channel, in the bottom of the ditch or trench a, a.

0, represents the rod or core, around which the mortar is placed to form the pipe 6. This rod or core should be about nine feet in length, smooth, flexible, and slightly tapering.

0?, represents a strip of cloth, paper, or some other similar flexible material, to cover or envelop the pipe 6.

6, represents the mold or former, to mold and press the mortar into place and shape, around the rod or core (2, to form the pipe I).

f, represents a spindle attached to the mold or former e, to contain the strip of cloth or material (I, used to cover or envelop the aqueduct Z).

71-, 72-, represent braces to support the spindle f in its place on the mold or former a.

i, represents a button, to retain the spindle f, in the braces 71, h.

j, represents a strip of cloth, paper, or some other similar suitable material, to place in the roove or channel in the bot-tom of the ditc 1 or trench a, a, on which the mortar to form the pipe 6 is placed, in wet ground, to prevent the water from pressing up against and into the bare and newly laid mortar and dissolving it.

The mortar used to construct this kind of aqueduct is made, as it usually is for other. hydraulic purposes, by. mixing together the proper proportions of common hydraulic cement or water lime, sand, and gravel, and adding sufficient water to reduce it to the right consistency of good mortar, or concrete.

To form the aqueduct or pipe I), place suflicient mortar around the rod or core 0, in the ditch or trench a, a, to make the pipe 6, the thickness desired. Move the mold or former e forward over it, pressing the mortar into place and shape around the core or rod 0, while at the same time a portion of the strip of cloth or material used (Z unrolls from the spindle f, and passing underneath the mold or former e, is pressed on and around the aqueduct or pipe 6. Place earth on and firmly tamp and compress it around the newly formed pipe, while the rod or core 0 is within it. Draw the rod or core 0 forward two or three feet, leaving its remaining length in the newly made pipe, place more mortar around the rod or core 0, and by continuing as before a pipe of any length desired may be produced.

In laying the aqueduct through wet ground, it is necessary to entirely envelop the aqueduct or pipe I) to )revent the water from pressing agamst an into the freshly laid mortar and dissolving it. This I do by placing a strip of cloth, paper, or some other similar flexible material j, in the ditch or trench, and laying the aqueduct or pipe upon and water lines, of which these aqueducts are usually constructed set in a few minutes sufficiently hard to hold them in shape and place, yet for a long time they remain in a weak and friable condition, unable of their own stren h to sustain any considerable pressure 0 water, and only after the lapse of from six months to a year do they become hard and perfect- And as they are hardened and perfected by the agency of water,

' therefore it is highly important that these pipes should be capable of sustaining apressure of water and allow its introduction into them soon after being laid. Allthe methods of laying these aqueducts of which I have any knowledge, fail in a great measure to accomplish this object. Those in which the earth is thrown on the bare mortar as soon as it is laid'are liable to be more friable and porous on account of the earths taking up or absorbing a portion of their water and cement, and are more liable to be uneven in thickness, on account of not being protected against stones and lumps of earth which will be sometimes contained in the earth with which they are covered. Those in which the pipe is left bare for a time after being laid, are liable to injuries from drying and accidents. My mode of covering or enveloping these aqueducts-or pipes as they are being made in the ditch or trench and tamping and compressing the earth firmly around them, while the rod or core is within them, accomplishes this object, and overcomes these difliculties by producing a more even and solid pipe, which, while the firmness and pressure of the earth against its outer surface is suflicient to sustain the pressure of water, they are so nearly impervious as only to allow water enough to saturate them as is requisite to harden and perfect them. a

' Having thus described my inventionwhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is I 1. Covering or enveloping the cement aqueduct or water pipeas it is being laid in the ditch or trench, with the flexible material (Z, 9', in the manner and for the purposes substantially as described and. set forth. V c r.

2. Also the attachment to the mold or former of the spindle f for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereto set my signature this twelfth day of March, A. D. 1860.

BENJAMIN LIVERMORE.

Witnesses:

LEWIS EMMONS, Moses T. SWAN.

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