US2775833A - Signboard structure - Google Patents

Description

1957 R. c. WlSHART SIGNBOARD STRUCTURE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 30, 1953 INVENTOR.

il i J mtw AY'TORNEK Jan. 1, 1957 g, w s 2,775,833

SIGNBOARD STRUCTURE /2 34b n? m w W nn "-n Film. 'fi| j ll lQ Z; 3267 l' 34b 60 I W k n 111W l ll I l -/0 351 Um, Ii 4" Hm I I m) I H W w. I w vl M i wig/ A 7TOKNEK Jan. 1, 1957 R. c. WISHART 2,775,833

SIGNBOARD STRUCTURE Filed July 30, 1953 4 Shets-Sheet s A TTORNEK Jan. 1, 195'? R. c. WISHART 2,775,333

SIGNBOARD STRUCTURE Filed July 50, 1953 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 f? TTORNEK United States Patent SIGNBOARD STRUCTURE Ronald C. Wishart, Kansas City, Mo., assign0r to Butler Manufacturing Company, Kansas City, Mo., a corporation of Missouri Application July 30, 1953, Serial No. 371,277

16 Claims. (Cl. 40---125) The present invention relates in general to outdoor signs, and it deals more particularly with the construction of large signboards of the type used along the roadside for advertising or display purposes.

The object of the invention, broadly speaking, is to provide a signboard made of prefabricated components which can be assembled speedily and easily at the desired site whereby erection of the sign can be effected with little time and labor and the cost of installation thus reduced. In this connection, an important feature of the invention resides in the provision of a sign assembly wherein the panel components can be assembled with the frame working from the front side of the sign only. This has particular advantage where signs are placed back to back, or mounted on the wall of a building.

Another object is to provide a signboard which after erection can be dismantled or disassembled with equal ease and speed and without damage to the components whereby the parts can be reused successively at different locations in the event the initial site is abandoned for any reason.

A further object is to provide a signboard of the foregoing character which is neat and attractive in appearance, which is sturdy and rugged in construction, which is not subject to weathering and requires little maintenance, and whose components are economically manufactured.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a signboard whose display area is composed of a plurality of separate panel sections disposed edge to edge in such positively registering relation that the display matter or advertising may be imposed on the panels before erection of the sign with assurance that when the panels thereafter are assembled at the site there will be no mismatching of the display material at the meeting lines of adjacent panels. In the case of painted signs, for example, this makes it unnecessary for the sign artists to work on open outdoor scaflolding at the site where conditions are not favorable to rapid work and their painting is subject to interruption due to unfavorable weather; instead, they can prepaint the individual panels at a central headquarters, protected from the weather and under ideal working conditions, leaving for less skilled artisans the simple task of assembling the panels at the desired site.

An additional object is to provide a signboard structure upon which posters may be pasted, the display area being framed by an attractive molding or border trim so arranged as to avoid the possibility of its being disfigured as the result of paste being smeared or allowed to drip thereon.

A feature of the invention resides in the use of panels supported on horizontal stringers which are easily mounted on posts or other vertical supports regardless of the lateral spacing of these posts or supports.

Another feature of the invention is the provision of a sign assembly in which the points of support for the panels can be increased with ease and facility to any desirable member to allow for increased wind loads on the panel face.

2,775,833 Patented Jan. 1, 1957 Other and further objects, together with the features of novelty whereby the objects are achieved, will appear in the course of the following description of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings which form a part of the specification and are to be read in conjunction therewith and in which like reference numerals are employed .to indicate like parts of the various Views:

Fig. l is a front elevation of a signboard structure embodying the invention, parts being broken away for purposes of illustration;

Fig. 2 is a rear perspective view showing the signboard in partially erected condition, portions again having been broken away for illustrative purposes;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical cross section taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1 in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation taken along the line 44 of Fig. 3 in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal cross section taken along the time 5-5 of Fig. 1 in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 6 is a horizontal cross section taken along the line 6-6 of Fig. 4 in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 7 is a vertical cross section like that of Fig. 3 but showing a modified form of construction;

Fig. 8 is a horizontal cross section taken along the line 8-8 of Fig. 7 in the direction of the arrows; and

Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional detail showing an alternate way of securing the molding or border trim.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, my signboard has a large central display or poster area composed of a series of vertically elongated panels 10 arranged edge to edge as shown. These are afiixed to and carried by three vertically spaced horizontal stringers 12, 14 and 16; and the stringers in turn are carried by laterally spaced up right posts 18.

In the illustrated embodiment three such posts are used, but it should be understood that two will suflice in some installations while a larger number will be employed in others depending upon the length of the sign and other factors. The posts may be of wood, metal or any other suitable material, those shown being in the form of metal channels although the cross-sectional channel shape is not 'ice critical; it is only necessary, in other words, that they atford support of adequate strength and permit the stringer-carrying brackets 20, 22 and 24 to be mounted thereon easily.

The upper and lower brackets on each post have web portions 20a and 24a, respectively, extending outwardly from the post; these webs are cut out to provide stringerreceiving sockets of irregular shape as may best be seen in Fig. 3, and the particular contour of same will be considered more in detail presently. Projecting laterally from the web, each bracket has a rear flange (20b, 24b) and an oppositely directed forward flange (20c, 24c). Bolts or screws 26 extending through the rear flange serve to fasten the bracket to the posts 18. An auxiliary mounting and clamping plate 28 is carried on the forward flange by means of bolts 30.

As can best be seen in Figs. 2 and 3, the upper stringer 12 is generally box-shaped in cross section and comprises a pair of spaced-apart horizontal strips 32 and 34 having upstanding rear flanges which are welded together as shown in 36, or otherwise secured to one another. The strips also have downwardly depending closely adjacent forward flanges (32a, 34a) also welded together as at 36a, these being tensioned toward one another to have a spring clamping effect upon the panels 10 as will be made clearer presently; the lower margins of these flanges or clamping jaws are bent outwardly at an angle to form a flared entrance for facilitating insertion of the panels therebetween, and in addition providing a rain deflecting member to prevent rain water from entering between the posted paper and the panel. 1

The lower stringer 16 is generally similar to the upper one in that it comprises a pair of vertically spaced apart horizontal strips 38 and 40 having downwardly projecting rear flanges which are welded together as shown at 42; the forward upwardly projecting flanges 38a and 40a form opposed clamping jaws between which the panels are adapted to be received, but unlike the corresponding jaws of the upper stringer, these are tensioned away from one another. Bolts 44 spaced at intervals along the lower stringer and extending horizontally therethrough have nuts 46 on their rear ends and serve when tightened to draw the aforementioned jaws together.

Along the length of the upper and lower stringers, the flanges forming the rear clamping jaws (i. e., flanges 34a and 38a) are notched out at intervals as shown at 34b and 38b, the spacing of adjacent notches being substantially equal to the width of the panels measured between the lateral edges thereof.

Returning briefly now to the stringer-carrying brackets and 24, it will be seen that the web portion 20a of the upper bracket is formed with a short horizontal ledge or lower shoulder 29d and a longer forwardly located upper shoulder 20a, the two being vertically spaced apart by a distance equal to the vertical thickness of the boxlike stringer 12 as measured between the outer faces of horizontal members 32 and 34; a vertical seating edge 20 extends upwardly from the ledge 20d and blends into a cutout pocket 20g for receiving the upstanding rear flanges of the stringer. The lower bracket is of similar construction having upper and lower shoulders 24d and 24e, a vertical rear edge 24f and a pocket 24g intermediate the rear edge and the lower forward shoulder 24c.

The upper brackets 20 are of course in horizontal alignment, and the stringer 12 is introduced into them before the clamping plates 20a are bolted thereon. To do this, the stringers rear flange is advanced upwardly into the pocket 20g until the lower rear corner of the stringer will pass over the ledge 20:2; then it is pushed rearwardly to seat against the edge 20 When so placed, it cannot fall from the brackets, for even if it is left manually unsupported for an interval, it will only rock forwardly as far as permitted by the upstanding rear flange, without leaving the ledge 2%. However, when the clamping plates 28 are subsequently bolted in place, these overlap the forward side of the stringer and hold it positively seated against the edge 20f as shown.

The lower stringer 16 is introduced similarly into the horizontally aligned brackets 24, the depending rear flange of the stringer being advanced downwardly into pockets 24g until the upper rear corner of the box section will pass under the short rear shoulder 24d; then it is pushed back into seating engagement with the vertical rear edge 24 and, at the installers convenience, clamped in place by means of the plates 28.

The intermediate stringer 14 is a Z-shaped member having a horizontal web 14a with a depending forward flange 14b and an upstanding rear flange 140. At intervals along the length of the stringer, lugs 50 are welded to the forward flange 14]), the spacing between adjacent ones thereof being equal to the width of the panels 10. Each lug has at one end an outwardly offset lip 59a spaced from the forward face of the flange by a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the sheet metal of which the panels are formed; the purpose of this construction will be explained hereinafter.

Each of the brackets 22 employed to support this stringer comprises a rear angle member having an upstanding portion 22a adapted to be bolted to one of the posts 18 and a forwardly projecting horizontal flange 22b. As shown, the stringer web 14a rests on the latter and its rear flange 140 is clamped against the upstanding portion 22a of the bracket by means of bolts 48, 48a which serve to draw a clamping plate 220 against the forward face of the flange. Bolts 48 also extend through the flange portion of posts 18 to support the brackets thereon, but

bolts 48a are offset laterally from the posts (see Fig. 1) so they extend only through registering holes in members 22a and 22c.

As previously suggested, the panels 10 are vertically elongated, and each has a pair of rearwardly extending flanges 113a along its opposite longitudinal edges. For increased strength and rigidity, both flanges have inturned lips 1% along their rearmost edges, which lips also serve another purpose as will be clear presently. Midway between the panel face and the rear lip each flange also has a single longitudinally extending concavo convex corrugation or boss 10c forming an outwardly projecting rib at one edge of the panel and a complementary groove at the opposite edge. It will be noted that the corrugations 1% are relatively deep when compared with the width of the flanges 10a, taking on the form of a U having parallel legs. By providing this type of construction, the interlocking of adjacent panels in a common plane is insured even though the panels may not, for some reason, closely abut one another. in other words, should the panels become slightly separated one from another, the panels will still remain locked together in a common plane by virtue of the deep corrugations and no play between the two in a direction normal to the faces thereof will be permitted.

It is thought that the method of assembling the basic sign components and erecting the sign now will be fairly evident. Assuming that the posts 18 are in place, the three brackets 20, 22 and 24 first are mounted on each post, care being taken to insure that the upper brackets are in horizontal alignment and that the same is true of the intermediate and lower brackets, respectively. Then, the upper, intermediate and lower stringers 12, 14 and 16 are inserted in the respective sets of brackets in the manner previously described; before rigidly clamping them in place by tightening down plates 28 in the case of the upper and lower brackets and plates 220 in the case of the intermediate bracket, the stringers are adjusted axially so that notches 34b and 38b of the upper and lower stringers are in vertical alignment and each lug 50 on the intermediate stringer is offset slightly from a vertical line drawn between the upper and lower notches (see Fig. 4). When so positioned, the stringers are clamped in place by tightening bolts 33, 48 and 48a.

Next, panels 10 are added to the stringers one after another beginning at the left-hand end of the structure, as seen in Fig. 1. Referring to Fig. 2, this is accomplished by introducing the upper edge of each panel in turn between the spring clamping jaws 32a and 34a and advancing it upwardly as indicated by arrow 52 until the lower edge of the panel can be swung inwardly over the edge of flange 38a; then the lower panel edge is guided into the narrow space between the stringer flanges 38a and 40a and the panel is allowed to move downwardly under the influence of gravity until the bottoms of the rearwardly extending panel flanges 10a seat on the upper face 33 of the lower stringer 16. It will be seen that the panel flanges now extend rearwardly through notches 34b and 38b of the rear stringer jaws, and, as will be clear from Figs. 3 and 5, the rear lips 10b of the panel abut against the forward flange 14b of the intermediate stringer 14.

To anchor the panel to the latter stringer as it is placed, the panel is simply shifted laterally a small amount to the left, as indicated by arrow 54 in Fig. 5, which slides the right-hand panel lip 10b under the forwardly offset end of lug 50; simultaneously the groove formed by the corrugation at the left-hand edge of the panel moves into meshing or nesting relation with the complementary rib on the edge of the previously placed panel so that both panel edges are now effectively held against movement away from stringer 14. As previously mentioned, the panels are mounted one after another in this fashion until all of them are in place, intermeshed with one another along their vertical edges and firmly supported by all three stringers.

To take up any looseness or slack that may exist between adjacent ones of the panels along their meeting edges, the two end panels are drawn forcibly toward one another thereby to cause the intermediate panels all to be squeezed into tight engagement at their meeting edges. For this purpose I provide a pair of screw-threaded clamping elements near opposite ends of the upper stringer and a corresponding pair near opposite ends of the lower stringer. As may be seen in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 6, each such element comprises an internally threaded block 56 welded to the stringer and carrying a horizontally disposed screw 58. At the end of the screw is a jaw 60 adapted to seat against the inside surface of one of the flanges a of the outermost panel. As indicated in Fig. 6, the jaw is notched out to straddle the rib in the flange and it contains a socket for receiving the end of the screw whereby it is loosely supported on the latter.

Turning of the four screws 58 in a direction to advance the two upper jaws 60 toward one another and the two lower jaws 60 toward one another will clamp the panels tightly together in the desired manner. When this has been done, bolts 44 are tightened down to cause the forward and rear flanges 38a, 48a of the lower stringer to clamp opposite faces of the panels proper. The entire assembly now is very rigid and strong; and it is complete except for mounting the molding or border trim 62 around the margins of the display area.

It hasbeen found also that in many instances, an equally valuable arrangement for taking up the slack between adjacent panels is to convert the clamping elements at one end of the sign to rigid, non-adjustable stops and rely on the elements at the other end for the necessary adjustment to draw the panels together. It will be understood that the rigid element should be at that end of the sign toward which the center stringer clips or lugs 50 open. This insures that the lateral shifting of the panels as the clamp is tightened will be in a direction to more firmly engage them with the lugs 50.

The cross-sectional shape of the molding is best shown in Fig. 3. Referring to the top of that figure, as well as to Fig. 4, it will be seen that each clamping plate 28 has a horizontal flange formed at its upper end, and the outermost edge of the molding is secured to these flanges by bolts 64. The inner edge of the molding is fastened by bolts 66 to an angle strip 68 which in turn is secured to the face of the panels 10 by self-tapping screws 70.

The lower clamping plates 28 have similar horizontal flanges at the bottom thereof and each of the latter contains a slot 28a which loosely receives a reversely bent tongue 72a of a hinge bracket 72 bolted to the outer edge of the lower molding strip. The inner edge of this strip is fastened to the angle member 68 by means of quickrelease screws 74; the screws are of conventional construction such that by turning them a fraction of a revolution with a screw driver, the inner edge of the lower molding is released whereby it can swing away from the face of the signboard and hang in depending fashion from the plates 28.

It is desirable to displace the lower molding strip in this way whenever a new poster is to be pasted on the signboard in order that dripping paste will not run down over the face of the molding and render same unsightly. After the pasting operation, the molding strip can be swung upwardly about its hinged edge and the screws 74 quickly tightened the fraction of a turn required to resecure the upper edge of the molding strip to member 68.

Figs. 7 and 8 show an alternative arrangement for mounting the molding or border trim 62, the signboard structure otherwise being the same as heretofore described. In this, the outer edge of the molding both at the top and bottom of the display panel is secured by bolts 76 to the horizontal flanges on bracket member 78. The latter are like brackets 28 of the other construction except that they have a canted leg 78a extending inwardly of the display area and terminating in a horizontal flange 78b which is spaced away from the face of the signboard. To this flange the inner edge of the molding is secured by S-shaped spring clips 80.

The modified construction is advantageous where the signboard is to be used for poster display purposes because at the margins of the display area the poster may easily be introduced behind the molding; the ragged edges of the paper thus are concealed from sight, and the work of pasting the poster in place is expedited due to elimination of precise edge trimming for neatness, etc. Moreover, any dripping paste does not run over the outer face of the lower molding strip, but rather passes down behind said molding where it does no harm as far as unsightline'ss is concerned.

In lieu of using the S-shaped spring clips 80 for anchoring the inner margin of the molding, the construction shown in Fig. 9 may be employed. As will be seen, this utilizes a self-tapping screw 82 and a C-shaped springclip 34 for receiving same; in this instance, the threaded shank of the screw simply passes through an enlarged hole drilled in the flange 78b of the offset leg of bracket 78 and a registering hole in the edge of the molding strip 62, being received in and anchored to the clip member which straddles the flange on opposite sides of the hole in the latter.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all of the ends and objects hereinbefore set forth, together with other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the structure.

It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the appended claims.

Inasmuch as'many possible embodiments of the invention may be made without departing from the, scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a signboard assembly, a support, a pair of horizontal vertically spaced, parallel stringers mounted on said support, said stringers being provided with confronting, inwardly extending clamping jaws extending substantially throughout the lengths thereof, a plurality of panel members disposed between said stringers and having their upper and lower edges received in slip joint engagement between said clamping jaws, each of said panels being provided with rearwardly extending flanges along their vertical edges, the flanges of adjacent panels being provided with complementary longitudinal ribs and grooves interlocking with one another to maintain said panels in a common plane, adjustable means for forcing the endmost panels at the opposite ends of the assembly toward one another to draw all said panels together in close edge-toedge abutment throughout the length of the signboard, and means for tightening said clamping jaws on at least one of said stringers to firmly grip the panel member therebetween.

2. In a signboard assembly, a support, a pair of spaced parallel stringers mounted on said support, said stringers being provided with confronting, inwardly opening clamping jaws extending substantially throughout the lengths thereof, a plurality of coplanar panel members disposed between and supported by said stringers and forming the face of said signboard, each of said panels being provided along its longitudinal edges with rearwardly extending flanges having inwardly-directed lips parallel to and spaced from the inside of the panel face, jaw means carried by said stringers and receiving the ends of said panels in slip joint engagement, means for tightening at least one of said jaw means to tightly grip the ends of the panels received therein, and an intermediate stringer disposed between and parallel to said first named stringers and also mounted on said support, said intermediate stringer being provided along its length with lugs having slidable engagement with at least one of said lips on each panel.

3. In a signboard assembly, a vertical support, a pair of horizontally disposed, vertically spaced stringers positioned adjacent said support, stringer support brackets projecting from said support and having formed therein notches in which said stringers are slidably received, means for tightly clamping said stringers in said notches to immobilize the stringers with respect to said support, a plurality of coplanar vertically disposed panels forming the face of said signboard, means carried by each of said stringers for slidably receiving the upper and lower ends of said panels, adjustable means for drawing said panels tightly together in edge to edge abutting relationship, and clamp mechanism for immobilizing said panels with respect to said stringers.

4. In a signboard assembly, a vertical support, an upper stringer disposed horizontally with respect to and carried by said support, said stringer being provided along its lower edge with a pair of spring biased clamping jaws, a plurality of coplanar panels having their upper edges slidably received between said jaws and disposed in a vertical plane, a bottom stringer parallel to said upper stringer and carried by said support adjacent the lower edges of said panels, clamping jaws on said lower stringer loosely receiving the lower ends of said panels, said upper jaws being of sufficient length in the vertical direction to permit upward movement of the panels between said upper jaws a distance sufficient to free the lower edges of said panels from said last-named jaws, and releasable means for tightening said last-named jaws to immobilize said panels with respect to said support when said panels are in said last-named jaws.

5. A signboard assembly as in claim 4 including adjustable means for drawing the endmost panels at the opposite ends of the assembly toward one another to draw all said panels together in edge to edge abutting relationship to form a continuous face for the signboard.

6. A signboard assembly as in claim 4 wherein said panels are provided along their vertical edges with rearwardly-directed flanges, the abutting flanges of adjacent panels being provided with meshing longitudinal ribs and corrugations locking the panels in coplanar relationship.

7. In a signboard assembly, a vertical support structure, upper and lower horizontal stringer members extending horizontally across the front of said support structure and substantially parallel to but spaced vertically from one another, at least two longitudinally spaced bracket members extending outwardly from said support structure for each of said upper and lower stringers, said bracket members having forwardly opening recesses in which said stringers are received in a longitudinally slidable fit, clarnping bars loosely connected with said brackets and extending over said recesses to confine said stringers therein,

means for drawing said clamping bars tightly against said stringers to immobilize the stringers with respect to said brackets, a plurality of rectangular, coplanar panels disposed vertically between said upper and lower stringers, each of said stringers having extending therefrom clamping jaws between which the respective ends of said panels are slidably received, one set of clamping jaws being spring-biased toward a closed position and the other set loosely receiving the panels to permit adjustment with respect to the jaws, and means for tightening said other set to firmly grip the panels therein.

8. A signboard assembly as in claim 7 wherein said panels are provided with rearwardly-extending flanges along their vertical edges, the abutting flanges of adjacent panels being provided with complementary longitudinal ribs and grooves interlocking with one another to maintain said panels in a common plane.

9. In a signboard assembly, a support structure, a stringer disposed transversely across said support, at least two stringer brackets mounted on said support and spaced longitudinally along said stringer, said brackets being provided with forwardly-opening pockets in which said stringer is received in a slidable fit, and a removable clamping plate connected with each of said brackets and extending across the open end of said pocket to confine said stringer therein.

10. In a signboard assembly, a support structure, a stringer of generally rectangular cross section disposed transversely across said support, a least two stringer brackets mounted on said support and spaced longitudinally along said stringer, said brackets being provided with forwardly-opening pockets in which said stringer is slidably received, one edge of said pocket being coterminous with the width of said stringer and the opposite edge being only a fraction of the width of the stringer, and means for drawing said stringer into said pocket to seat against the rearward edge thereof.

ll. In a signboard assembly, at least two laterally spaced vertical posts, upper and lower horizontal stringer members disposed across said posts on one side thereof, upper and lower stringer brackets on each post, said brackets having forwardly-opening sockets in which said stringers are loosely received, clamping plates extending across the open ends of said sockets and overlapping said stringers, means for tightening said plates to confine said stringers in said sockets, an intermediate stringer parallel to said upper and lower stringers, means mounted on said posts for slidably supporting said intermediate stringer, clamping means for tightly clamping said intermediate stringer at a fixed position, and a plurality of coplanar panels releasably secured to said stringers to form a continuous flat signboard face.

12. In a signboard assembly wherein the face of the signboard is formed of a plurality of coplanar panels arranged in edge to edge abutting relationship, a support structure comprising at least two upright posts, upper and lower horizontal stringer members disposed across said posts on one side thereof, said stringers having successive panel connecting elements along their confronting edges to receive the individual panels forming the face of the sign, upper and lower stringer brackets mounted on each post, each of said brackets having a forwardly-opening socket in which said stringers are received for longitudinal sliding movement whereby the panel connecting elements on said stringers can be vertically aligned independently of the disposition of the posts, and means con nected with each bracket for releasably clamping said stringers firmly in said sockets.

13. A signboard assembly as in claim 12 including an intermediate stringer between and parallel to said upper and lower stringers, said intermediate stringer having panel connecting elements thereon for each individual panel, means for mounting said intermediate stringer on said posts for longitudinal sliding adjustment, and clamping means for immobilizing said intermediate stringer with its connecting elements aligned with the connecting elements on the upper and lower stringers.

14. In a signboard assembly a support structure, a removable signboard face carried by said support structure, a molding extending around the margin of said face, said molding being connected at its outer edge to said support structure, the molding extending inwardly past the edges of said face to conceal same and being spaced away from said face, a plurality of spaced molding support legs connected withssaid support structure and extending inwardly behind said molding to the inner edge of said molding, and releasable means for securing said molding to said support legs.

15. The assembly as in claim 14 wherein said last named means comprises spring clips.

16. The assembly as in claim 14 wherein said last named means comprises detachable screws.

(Rtferences on following page) 10 References Cited in the file of this patent 1,742,667 Purdy et a1 J an. 7, 1930 1,860,919 Ansel May 31, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,157,931 Byrkett May 9, 1939 1,130,844 Ruby Mar. 9, 1915 2,430,654 Voege Nov. 11, 1947 1,444,488 Whited Feb. 6, 1923 5 2,603,014 Michael July 15, 1952

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