US2770080A

US2770080A - Apparatus for combining sheets of paper

Info

Publication number: US2770080A
Application number: US293535A
Authority: US
Inventors: Edwin R Hoyt
Original assignee: Dorr Oliver Inc
Current assignee: Dorr Oliver Inc
Priority date: 1952-06-14
Filing date: 1952-06-14
Publication date: 1956-11-13
Anticipated expiration: 1973-11-13

Description

12 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. EDWIN R. HOYT BY ATTORNEY E. R. H'OYT Nov. 13, 1956 APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER Filed June 14, 1952 1 rd .runi \m o mmww RQ /7 Q Nu m Nov. 13, 1956 E. R. HOYT 2,770,080

APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER Filed June 14. 1952 l2 Sheets-Sheet 2 LML INVENTOR.

EDWIN R. HOYT I ATTORNEY Nov. 13, 1956 E. R. HOYT 2,770,080

APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER Filed June 14, 1952- 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. sow/1v R. HOXT ATTORNEY Nov. 13, 1956 R HQYT APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER.

12 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 14, 1952 INVENTOR.

12 Sheets-Sheet 5 R. W .0 w N m% M e w A w w I D E Y 1 B I w r E. R. HOYT APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER m f \L Nov. 13, 1956 Filed June 14, 1952 Nov. 13, 1956 E. R. HOYT 2,770,080

APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER Filed June 14, 1952 12 Sheets-Sheet 6 BY (a;

ATTORNEY Nov. 13, 1956 E. R. HOYT 2,770,080

APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER Filed June 14, 1952' 12 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR.

EDW/N R. HOYT ATTORNEY Nov. 13, 1956 E. R. HOYT 2,770,080

APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER Filed June 14. 1952 12 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENTOR.

EDWIN R. HOYT ATTORNEY NOV. 13, R HOYT APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER 12 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed June 14, 1952 A TTOR/VEY Nov. 13, 1956 E. R. HOYT APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER Filed June 14, 1952 12 Sheets-Sheet l1 Nov. 13, 1956 E. R. HOYT APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER 12 sheetswsheet 12 Filed June 14, 1952 INI'ENTOR.

EDWIN R. HOYT [M W2 ATTORNEY nited States Patent APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SHEETS OF PAPER Edwin R. Hoyt, Ashland, Oreg., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Don-Oliver Incorporated, Stamford, Conn, a corporation of Delaware Application June 14, 1952, Serial No. 293,535

6 Claims. (Cl. 51-75) This invention relates to the combining of sheets of paper or the like, and more particularly to the combining of relatively thin paper sheets or webs along adjacent edges to form a combined sheet of increased width.

With respect to so called newsprint paper for which the present invention has found great applicability, the paper is manufactured at the mill in relatively wide roll-s which are subsequently cut up in various widths adapted for use with the various roll fed newspaper presses. These presses do not all handle a standard width roll. Consequently, the paper making machines at the mill manufacture a roll initially wide enough to provide for cutting into various widths in accordance with the orders placed by customers.

In thus cutting an initially manufactured roll, a socalled mill end roll remains which is too narrow for use on any commercial roll fed printing press. As an example, if a paper mill operates a 220" width paper making machine, and a customer places an order for tonnage of 34 width rolls, the result is that the paper mill would be able to cut out six 34 Width rolls from the roll initially manufactured, leaving *a 16" width mill end. The mill ends will vary in width generally up to as much as 16" (depending upon the size of the newsprint rolls which are cut out from the initially manufactured roll). Because these mill ends are not adapted for use in commerioal roll fed printing presses, they have, heretofore, been a more or less economic waste as they had no other accepted uses, except for the mill to shred or chop them and then run the resultant paper stock back into the heaters.

If these mill ends were combined by mere overlapping and securing adjacent edges of the sheets thereof to thus form a plain lap joint, it is apparent that the thickness at the joint would be substantially twice the thickness of the re ainder of the combined sheet. Consequently, mill ends combined by mere overlapping of adjacent edges could not be utilized as newsprint paper for two reasons. First of all, the combined sheet could not be Wound properly into a roll because since the thickness at the joint would be substantially twice the thickness of the remainder of the sheet, the resultant roll would be substantially twice the diameter at the jointed portion or portions compared to the diameter of the remainder of the roll. Secondly, even if such roll could be wound, such combined sheet of newsprint paper with a plain lap joint could not take printed matter across the joint, and could not be run through roll fed printing presses.

Because newsprint paper is relatively thin, being approximately 0.003" in thickness, the combining of mill end sheets with a joint substantially the same thickness as the remainder of the sheet of paper presents a problem.

Summarizing this invention, it comprises an apparatus whereby relatively thin sheets of paper or the like, particularly newsprint paper mill ends, can be combined along 'ice adjacent edges thereof to provide a sheet of increased width in which the joint, or joints, is of substantially the same thickness as the remainder of the paper so that the combined sheet can be rolled into a roll of uniform diameter, can be handled by roll fed printing presses, and can take printing across the joint substantially indistinguishable from the printed matter on the remainder of the sheet. This is accomplished by grinding adjacent edges of the sheets to be combined in such manner as to form a so-called butt-lap joint at such edges, substantially the same thickness as the remainder of the sheet. The grinding is effected by moving a sheet continuously over supporting means; and while the sheet is thus moved, grinding along an edge by means of a grinding wheel positioned in such spaced relationship with respect to the sheet supporting means as to engage the moving sheet to the proper extent, and which contrary to usual practice in grinding wheel operations, is rotated in the direction of movement of the sheet.

The grinding wheel is rotated at a peripheral velocity materially in excess of the speed of movement of the paper being ground in order to prevent burning of or damage to the paper. This has been found to be important; and in order further to avoid such damage to or burning of the paper, the peripheral velocity of the grinding wheel should be at least 20 times the speed of movement of the paper. In this connection, the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel is substantially perpendicular to the path of movement of and substantially parallel to the moving sheet being ground, so as to grind out a suitable rectangularly shaped recess along the edge of the sheet being ground, to provide for a butt lap joint between the adjacent sheets which are subsequently adhesively combined to provide a sheet of increased width.

Each of the adjacent edges of the sheets to be combined, is ground slightly over /2 the thickness of the sheet so that when an adhesive is applied, the sheets can be secured together to provide a joint of substantially the same thickness as the remainder of the sheet but yet allowing room for the film of adhesive. Adhesive is applied to at least one of the ground edges of the adjacent sheets to be combined, but may be applied to both edges if so desired. After the adhesive is applied, the ground edges of the adjacent sheets are brought together to adhesively unite the same. Pressure may be applied after the sheets are brought together to insure firm adhesive union but this is not absolutely necessary, and is not employed in the embodiment of the invention illustrated herein. Preferably, however, after the sheets are brought together with the adhesive applied, the combined sheet is then heated to set the adhesive, after which it is wound into a roll by any conventional paper roll winding mechanism. In this connection, the winding mechanism provides the means for moving the separate sheets to be combined and the combined sheet through the apparatus of this invention.

From the preceding, it is seen that this invention has as its objects; among others, the provision of an improved apparatus for the combining of sheets of paper or the like, particularly relatively thin newsprint paper, which are simple and economical; provide a joint which is substantially the same thickness as the remainder of the paper so as to enable the sheet to be wound in a roll and take even unblurred printing across the joint; enable the combining of the separate sheets to be accomplished rapidly so ras to be commercially economical; and which provide for utilization of, heretofore, waste newsprint mill ends, thus not only rendering available to the market increased production of newsprint paper, but also resulting'in a reduction of cost in the manufacture of such Patented Nov. 13, 1956 3 paper. parent from the following detailed description thereof.

Referring to the drawings, which illustrate an embodiment of the apparatus of the invention presently in successful operation:

Figs. 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D, when laid side byv side in consecutive order from right to left, are a side elevational view of the entire apparatus of the invention; the individual views illustrating portions of such apparatus.

Figs. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D are plan views of the portions of the apparatus illustrated, respectively, in Figs. 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D; portions of the structure being shown broken away and omitted to illustrate more clearly. the construction.

Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view through one of the like grinding wheel supporting carriages and associated mechanism of the apparatus, taken in planes indicated by the line 3-3 in Fig. 2A.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken in a plane indicated by line 4-4 in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken in a plane indicated by line 5-5 in Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view looking up, taken in a plane indicated by line 6-6 in Fig. 3.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary transverse sectional view of a portion of an anvil arrangement of the paper supporting means, which cooperates with the grinding wheel in the grinding of the paper.

Fig. 8 is a section taken in a plane indicated by the line 8-8 in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a preferred form of adhesive applicator in the apparatus, with portions of the structure omitted to disclose more clearly the construction; such applicator being shown at the left end of Figs. 1A and 2A.

Fig. 10 is a vertical section taken in a plane indicated by the line 10-14) in Fig. 9; portions of the structure being omitted to disclose more clearly the construction.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary section taken in a plane indicated by line 11-11 in Fig. 9 illustrating drive gearing in the adhesive applicator.

Fig. 12 is an isometric view of mechanism embodied in the adhesive applicator for controlling the thickness of the film of adhesive applied to the ground edge of one of the sheets of paper.

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view through a joint between adjacent sheets of the combined sheet.

Fig. 14 is a plan view of a sheet of newsprint paper resulting from the combination of three mill end'sheets by the apparatus of this invention, in which is provided a special body color arrangement of the individual sheets.

General arrangement Referring to Figs. 1A through 1D and Figs. 2A through 2D, the apparatus comprises a rigid and strong framework 2 composed of suitable metal beams and struts. At one end of framework 2 (the right end in Figs. 1A and 2A) is mounted a shaft 3 supporting one mill end roll 4 containing one rolled sheet 411 of the paper to be combined. Spaced to the left of shaft 3 is another shaft 6 (Fig. 2B) supporting another separate roll 7 of a rolled sheet 7a to be combined with sheet 4a. As indicated by the direction arrows, sheet 40 is continuously moved generally to the left at a constant speed by suitable means to be described, and sheet 7:: is continuously moved generally to the right, by the same means; the

respective rolls

4 and 7 being laterally spaced to such extent that there will be slight overlapping of the adjacent edges 8 and 9 of sheets 4a and 7a, respectively, which are the edges ground and subsequently united to form a joint in the combined sheet.

In its travel from roll 4 sheet 4a passes over

idler guide rollers

11 and 12, and thence through grinding mechanism, illustrated generally by reference numeral 13, which grinds edge 8, and which will be subsequently described Other objects of the invention will become apin detail. From grinding mechanism 13, sheet 4a passes over idler roller 14 where it is brought together with sheet 7a (Fig. 1A). In this connection from roll 7, sheet 7a passes over

idler rollers

16 and 17, and thence through grinding mechanism, indicated generally by reference numeral 18, and of the construction substantially identical to grinding mechanism 13. From grinding mechanism 18 wherein edge 9 of sheet 7a is ground, sheet 7a passes through an adhesive applicator indicate dgenerally by reference numeral 19, and which will be subsequently described in detail. In the applicator, adhesive is applied along the ground edge of 9 sheet 7a; and from the applicator sheet 7a is brought together with sheet 4a at roller 14. Sheet 7a passes through the applicator (Fig. 1A) by traveling over idler rolls 21 and 22, thence over a roller 23 of the applicator which is driven by the sheet 7a to drive an adhesive applying wheel of the applicator in 'a manner to be described. From driven roller 23, sheet 74 passes over an idler roller 24, and then to the previously mentioned roller 14.

From roller 14 where the separate sheets 4a and 7a are brought together and combined, the combined sheet then travels in the direction indicated by the arrows to idler roller 26, idler roller 27, and

idler rollers

28, 29, 31 and 32 (Fig. 1B). From idler roll 32, the combined sheet then passes through a drier, indicated generally by reference character 33 (Figs. 1B and 1C), for drying and thermosetting the adhesive; the combined sheet traveling over idler rolls 34, 36, 37 and 38 in the drier. Any suitable means may be employed for effecting the drying at a suitable temperature but preferably infra red lamps 39 are utilized, which are mounted on bases 41. The adhesive employed is preferably any suitable latex or resinous type adhesive which is substantially colorless to the extent it will not discolor the paper, and which will dry to a strong but yet pliable and flexible film; the preferred adhesive being a resinous type known as No. 3139 manufactured by National AdhesivesDivision of National Starch Products, Inc. It will thermoset to a strong film of the character related in about 4 to 5 seconds at a temperature of about 225 F.

Upon leaving the last roller 38 of the drier, the combined sheet then passes over a floating alining roller 42 (Figs. 1C and 2C); such alining roller being conventional in paper winding operations. It is journalled at each end in a block 43 slidably mounted in a fixed guideway 44; each block 43 being resiliently thrust by a spring 46 against an adjustable stop in the form of set screw 47. Guideways 44 are fixedly secured to substantially rigid framework 48 of conventional winding mechanism, indicated generally by reference numeral 49 (Figs. 1D and 2D); the winding mechanism to be described in detail hereafter. The travel of the combined sheet between alining roller 42 and winding mechanism 49, is over idler roller 51 (Fig. 1C) and over idler rollers 52, 53 and 54 (Fig. 1D), to the wound roll 56 of the combined sheets 4a and 7a.

Support of rolls to be combined The support of each of separate paper rolls 4 and 7 is the same. Consequently, the same reference characters are applied to each of such supporting means. Each of

roll supporting shafts

3 and 6 is journalled in brackets 61 fixedly secured to the framework 2. The shafts can he slipped in endwise through brackets 61 and through the

respective rolls

4 and 7; the rolls being journalled on the respective shafts and being held against endwise displacement by collars 62 carried by the shafts and held in position by set screws 63. The usual flexible straps 64, preferably of leather, and having weights 64' at their ends are provided over the

respective rolls

4 and 7 to serve as brakes for causing the paper to unwind smoothly from the rolls.

For holding the

respective shafts

3 and 6 against endwise displacement, and also providing a means for adjusting each of said shafts axially so as to efiect proper lateral alinement of the

respective rolls

4 and 7, each of

shafts

3 and 6 has secured to one end thereof a grooved collar 65 in which is loosely engaged a forked arm 66. Each arm 66 is also journalled in an annular groove in a screw 67 threaded in a suitable bracket on framework 2; hand wheel 68 being provided at the outer end of each screw 67. Thus, by manipulation of hand wheel 68 in the proper direction as required, the

respective rolls

4 and 7 can be accurately alined laterally to provide for the desired extent of overlapping of sheets 4a and 7a at the location 14 where they are combined. With respect to the described newsprint paper for which this invention is finding great applicability, the extent of overlap is preferably about /4 of an inch.

Grinding mechanism Each of grinding

mechanisms

13 and 18, is of substantially the same construction, and comprises a flat table 71 fixedly secured to framework 2 by cap screws 72. Such table provides part of the supporting means for the sheet of paper which travels over it, and an edge of which is ground by a grinding wheel 73. The grinding wheel is supported, in a manner to be described in detail, on a carriage 74 (Figs. 1A and 3) which is mounted for precise adjustment, so as to provide for positioning of the grinding wheel in such spaced relationship with respect to table 71 as to effect engagement of the grinding wheel 73 with the paper to the desired extent, and thus form the requisite grinding for the butt lap joint connection when the respective sheets 4a and 7a are combined.

For this purpose, each adjustable carriage 74 has spaced downwardly extending legs 76 at one end portion thereof, which are pivotally connected at their lower ends to the table 71, by means of a cross shaft 77 journalled in suitable brackets 78 on the table and to which legs 76 are fixedly secured by means of bolts and nuts at 79; the lower ends of legs 76 being split at 81 to enable clamping of the legs to shaft 77. At the end portion of carriage 74 opposite the pivotally connected portion at 77, the carriage is also provided with downwardly extending spaced legs 82 which have accurately machined lower faces 83 that rest against the upper ends of stops in the form of set screws 84. Each of set screws 84 is screwed in a bracket 86 on table 71, and is fixedly held in position by a lock nut 87. Thus, by adjustment of set screws 84 grinding wheel 73 can be accurately and precisely positioned with respect to the sheet of paper being ground.

Means is provided for resiliently holding carriage 74 against stops 84. To accomplish this, table 71 has secured thereto an angle iron 88; and carriage 74 has secured thereto a similar angle iron 89. A pair of laterally spaced threaded rods 91 extend loosely through the horizontal legs of each of

angle irons

88 and 89; and each of these rods is provided at its lower end with a lock nut abutment 92 adapted to engage the horizontal leg of angle iron 88. At its upper end, each rod 91 is also provided with an adjustable lock nut abutment 93 under which is provided an abutment collar 94 for a coil spring 96 which is positioned about each rod 91 between the horizontal leg of bracket 89 and collar 94. A centering sleeve 97 is preferably provided about each shaft 91, and extends loosely through the horizontal leg of bracket 89 in engagement at its lower end with the horizontal leg of bracket 88 and at its upper end with collar 94. 'Thus, springs 96 maintain the carriage 7 4 in resilient engagement with stops 84; and compression on the springs 96 can be adjusted at will by regulation of the lock nut abutments to apply the desired force thereon for holding carriage 74 steady.

Mechanism is provided for lifting carriage 7 4 off of stops 84- in case this is desired for any purpose. With reference to Figs. =1A, 2A and 3, such lmechanism comprises a pair of laterally spaced rods 101 which are pivotally connected at their upper ends in laterally spaced brackets 102 fixedly secured to the top of carriage 74.

These rods have a slip fit connection in laterally spaced sleeves 103 which are fixedly clamped in proper position to the respective rods 101, by conventional split cla-rnping structures at 104. The lower end of each sleeve 1103 is formed with a bear-ing v106 in which is journalled a disc 107. Both of these discs 107 are eccentrically and fixedly secured to a cross shaft 108 which is journalled in spaced depending brackets 109 extending downwardly from table 71. At one end thereof, cross shaft 108 has secured thereto a handle 111 to enable the cross shaft to be turned. Because of the eccentric mounting of discs 107, it is evident carriage 74 can be lifted off stops '84 on the table, by turning cross shaft 108 through handle 1 11.

Referring particularly to Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6, grinding wheel 73 is supported on a rotatable cross shaft 112, the axis of which extends at a right angle to the path of movement of the sheet of paper being ground and also substantially parallel to such sheet, so that -a true rectangularly shaped groove can be ground along the edge of the sheet for formation of one of the elements of a butt la-p joint. Cross shaft 112 is firmly fixedly mounted for rotation on the underside of carriage 7 4, and is journalled in antifriction hearings to provide for minimum vibration. For these purposes, the underside of carriage 74 is formed with a plurality of transversely extending T-slots 113 which provide for holding a plurality of bearing

brackets

114, 116 and 117, by means of T-bolt and nut connections 1 18; the brackets being accurately held in alinement by transversely extending keys 119.

The T-bolts with the brackets to which they are connected are laterally slidable in T-slots 113, so that the bearings can be laterally adjusted in any selected position. This adjustment is desirable for at least the center bracket 11 6 to provide clearance room for grinding wheel 73 depending upon the width of the sheet of paper being ground, and the number of sheets being handled by the grinder. Another T-slot 120 is provided in carriage 74 to provide for attachment of a dresser wheel for dressing grinding wheel 73 when this is desired.

The left hand bracket 11 4 appearing in Fig. 5 has mounted therein an antifriction bearing 1-21; and a hearing housing is formed by means of caps 122 secured to the bracket by cap screws 123; the housing providing a lubricant chamber 124 into which lubricant can be introduced when desired, through normally sealed lubricant passage 126. The central bearing bracket 116 has secured thereto, by cap screws 127 a pair of caps 128 through which extends a sleeve 129 rotatable with shaft 112; the sleeve being split at the ends and clamped to the shaft by nuts 131 rotatable therewith. Sleeve 129 has a shoulder 162 against which the inner race of antifriction bearing 133 is clamped by a nut 1 34 tightened against a collar 1 35; the bearing being interposed between sleeve 129 and bracket 116. Caps 128 provide a lubricant chamber 136 into which lubricant can be introduced when desired through normally sealed lubricant passages 137.

.The bearing arrangement at the right hand bearing bracket 1 17 appearing in Fig. 5 is similar to the bear-ing arrangement at bracket 114, being provided with antifriction roller bearing 138 and lubricant chamber 139 into which lubricant can be introduced through normally sealed passage 141. However, the grinding wheel shaft 112 extends outside of the bearing structure at bracket 117, to provide a mounting for driven pulley r142; a nut 143 being screwed on shaft 112 inside of lubricant chamber 139 to abut the inner race of bearing 138 and thereby hold shaft 112 in position through suitable shoulders on the shaft. Pulley 1 42 is driven to rotate shaft 112 and consequently grind-ing wheel 73, by means of belt drive 1 44 connected to a suitable electric motor 146 mounted on top of carriage 74.

Grinding wheel 7-3 is fixedly secured in an axially adjusted position depending upon the width of the paper sheet to provide for proper width and positioning of the groove being ground, by means of a split sleeve 1'51 fixedly held in position by a clamping nut 152; the sleeve being provided with a peripheral relief groove 153 to insure even clamping. Sleeve 151 has an annular shoulder 154 against which one face of grinding wheel 73 is fixedly clamped by means of a nut 156 screwed on sleeve 151 and bearing against the opposite face of the wheel.

It will be noted from Fig. that grinding wheel 73 is provided with a true cylindrical grinding face 157 which is parallel to the axis of shaft 112 and also to the sheet of paper being ground, so as to provide for the type of ground groove in the paper for producing the butt lap joint connection. It has been found that for best results the grinding wheel should contain an abrasive of very hard fine grit so that sharp points will not break otf upon wear thereof. A grit size of approximately 60 and a silicon carbide abrasive have been found quite satisfactory for this purpose. Also, for best results, the binder of the wheel should be a resin type binder, such as any suitable phenol formaldehyde resin, so that the wheel is relatively non-heat absorbent to thereby obviate burning of the paper being ground, as the wheel is rotated at an extremely high speed as will be explained more fully hereafter and generation of heat should be minimized. However, any other type of grinding wheel can be employed, which is relatively nonheat absorbent and which has a relatively fine grit abrasive.

The supporting means for the paper at the location where it is ground by wheel 73 is designed to obviate generation of excessive heat which might otherwise result in damage to or burning of the paper, and also to provide a firm relatively immovable support for the paper substantially only at the location where it is ground because of the preciseness of the grind. With particular reference to Figs. 3, 5, 7 and 8, it will be noted that table 71 is formed with a transversely extending recess 161 extending perpendicular to the path of movement of the paper, and in which is mounted an accurately machined steel bar 162 which provides support for a rounded grinding anvil 163 in the form of a rod which is fixedly secured in bar 162, and extends perpendicular to the path of movement of the paper. Anvil member 163 is also substantially parallel to and lies in the same plane as the axis of rotation of the grinding Wheel.

For fixedly holding bar 162 in recess 161, the bar is provided with a cylindrical passage in which is journalled a rod 164; the rod being provided with grooves 166 at laterally spaced locations and with curved cam surfaces 167 at such grooves. Extending through one side 168 of bar 162 are a plurality of pins 169, the inner ends of which project into grooves 166 so as to be capable of being engaged by cam surfaces 167. These pins 169 are held loosely in position in bar 162 by means of upright pins 171 passing through the top of bar 162 with their lowers ends engaging in peripheral grooves 172 in pins 169. From the preceding it will be seen that turning of rod 164 results in a clamping effect when cam surfaces 167 ride over the inner ends of pins 169, so that the side 173 of bar 162 opposite to side 168, is rigidly clamped against the adjacent side of recess 161 whereby bar 162 can be fixedly clamped in position. To elfect turning of rod 164, one end thereof is provided with a non-circular recess 174 to permit insertion of a suitable instrument, such as an Allen wrench, which can be manually turned. Should it be desired to remove bar 162 for any purpose, this can be readily accomplished by turning rod 164 in a direction to loosen the described clamping structure.

Bar 162 provides an accurate fixed mounting for anvil 163 so that it can be properly positioned, and held with its axis perpendicular to the path of movement of the sheet of paper being ground, and substantially parallel to and lying in the same plane as the axis of shaft 112, to insure travel of the sheet in a plane parallel to grinding face 157 of the grinding wheel. In this connection, anvil 163 is circular in cross section, and seats within a groove 176 formed in the top side of bar 162 and which is also perpendicular to the path of movement of the paper. Groove 176 is of a depth greater than the radius of anvil 163, and is trapezoidal in cross sectional shape, being wider at the bottom than at the top. A plurality of spaced set screws 177 extend through side 173 of bar 162 with their inner ends engaging the anvil 163. By adjustably tightening set screws 177, anvil 163 can be accurately positioned and clamped for the purpose related.

It will be noted from Figs. 1A, 3 and 8 that bar 162 projects above the plane of table 71, and anvil 163 projects above the top side of bar 162. As a result, the sheet of paper being ground travels through the grinder in an arched path, and has only three point contact with the supporting means therefor in the grinder, namely over anvil 163 where it is ground, and at the ends of table 71. Thus, frictional resistance to the movement of the sheet being ground is minimized. Also, the supporting of the paper only by the anvil over which the paper rides at the grinding wheel provides a narrow zone of support of the paper between anvil 163 and the rotating grinding wheel to insure'an accurate grind over the anvil.

At least the portion of anvil 163 where the paperis being ground should be substantially non-porous to paper dust. Otherwise, dust may collect in relatively porous material, building up a frictional layer which would result in generation of heat as the paper moves thereover; and this might cause a spotty or ragged grind, and even might burn the paper. The most satisfactory material for this purpose has been found to be dull chrome plated drill rod which is substantially non-porous. However, any other suitable material can be employed in its place, which is substantially non-porous to the extent that dust cannot collect on the surface, such as hard glass or diamond. To effect removal of grinding dust, an exhaust system is provided, including nozzle member 178 to one side of and extending the length of table 71, and which is connected to an exhaust pipe 179 which in turn is connected to any suitable exhaust pump (not shown).

In initially setting the grinding wheel by adjustment of carriage 74, so that the wheel will grind the paper only to the desired depth, the operator may inadvertently cause the wheel to grind against anvil 163 thereby damaging the same. When this occurs the anvil has to be replaced because the paper must ride over a relatively smooth non-porous surface. having to replace the entire anvil, it is preferably made in a plurality of separate parts (Fig. 5) so that only a portion thereof adjacent the grinding wheel need be removed for replacement should the necessity for replacement occur.

The mode of grinding is an extremely important feature of this invention, as it has been found that grinding wheel 73 should be rotated in the direction of movement of the paper and at a peripheral speed materially in excess of the speed of movement of the paper, which is preferably at least 250 ft. per minute to effect economy in operation. In effect, the grinding wheel movement overrides the movement of the paper. With such mode of operation, accurate grinding without damage to the paper is obtained. If the wheel were rotated in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the paper, tearing of relatively thin paper, ragged grinding or stretching thereof will occur.

For best results, the peripheral speed of grinding wheel 73, which will of course depend upon the diameter of the wheel as well as its speed of rotation, should not be much lower than 20 times the speed of movement of the paper, the greater such speed of relative movement the better. The maximum peripheral speed of the grinding wheel relative to the paper is determined by the centrifugal forces that the wheel can withstand without breaking. Thus withavery fine grit close grained resin bonded To avoid the necessity of wheel of a diameter of inches, as is preferred herein, the peripheral speed should not exceed much over 75 times the speed of the paper. A good operating speed is a speed of movement of the paper of about 500 ft. per minute and a peripheral speed of the grinding wheel of about 15,000 ft. per minute, which is a ratio of about 30 to 1.

Adhesive applicator As previously related, sheet 7a, after passing through grinding mechanism 18, has adhesive applied thereto in adhesive applicator 19, along its ground edge before it is combined with sheet 4a at roller 14. The preferred adhesive applicator is of the roller type; and the moving sheet of paper 7:: is utilized to drive the adhesive applying roller. Referring particularly to Figs. 1A and 2A, and Figs. 9 through 12, applicator 19 comprises a pan 181 adapted to contain the adhesive and which is removably mounted in a frame 182. A conventional rotatable adhesive applying roller 183 is mounted on a cross shaft 184 journalled for rotation in the applicator; the roller being rotatable through the adhesive in applicator pan 181. Roller 183 is driven in the direction of movement of the sheet of paper 7a to which the adhesive is applied, by means of engagement of the paper sheet over the previously mentioned driven roller 23 which is mounted on a shaft 186 journalled in the applicator frame. In this connection, it will be noted with reference to Fig. 1A that sheet 7a makes a turn about roller 23 so that in the applicator it has an upper portion 187 moving to the right with reference to the figure, and a lower portion 188 moving to the left to the underside of which the adhesive is applied along the ground edge 9.

At one end, shaft 186 carries a sprocket which engages a chain 189 in turn passing around a sprocket on a stub shaft 191 journalled on the applicator frame. Stub shaft 191 also carries a pinion 192 in engagement with a gear 193 carried by the shaft 184 upon which adhesive applying roller 183 is fixedly mounted. The gear ratio is such that roller 183 is driven at the proper speed with reference to the lower portion 188 of sheet 70, thus applying the adhesive to the edge portion 9 ground thereon in grinder mechanism 18.

To insure that the adhesive is applied properly along the ground joint and to avoid application of adhesive at a location off the joint, a plate 196 is adjustably mounted on the applicator frame to support and shield section 188 of sheet 7a as it moves through the adhesive applicator. The plate is carried by a shaft 197 which is turnably mounted in a bracket 198, and held in adjusted position in the bracket by set screw 199. Ahead of applicator roller 183, plate 196 is formed with an upright guide flange 201 against which the ground edge of sheet 7a is properly guided; and over roller 183, plate 196 is formed with a cut-away portion 202 which is of a width just sufficient to expose the ground edge of the sheet to the roller.

Means is provided to engage the sides of adhesive roller 183 to wipe off adhesive from such sides asthe adhesive is applied to the ground edge of the sheet, and thereby obviate collection of an adhesive mess that might soil the paper. As can be seen more clearly from Figs. 9 and 10, such means comprises a pair of side wiper plates 203, each engaging a side of roller 183. Each plate is fixedly mounted at one end of shaft 204; the opposite end of which is secured to the adhesive applicator frame.

A driven wiper roller 206, which is adjustably mounted with reference to adhesive applicator roller 183, is provided to control the thickness of the film of adhesive applied to the paper. This roller is carried by a shaft 207 which is journalled for rotation in a pair of spaced discs 208; the discs being fixedly connected adjacent the periphery thereof to a pivot shaft 209 which is pivotally mounted in the frame of the adhesive applicator. Shaft 207 projects beyond one of discs 208; and the projecting end thereof carries a gear 211 which meshes with another gear 212 on driven shaft 184. Hence, the wiper roller 206 is driven from the same source that applicator roller 183 is driven; the ratio of the gearing 211 and 212 being such as to drive wiper roller 206 at the proper speed with reference to roller 183.

Because of the pivotal mounting of shaft 209, the space between wiper roller 206 and applicator roller 183 can be accurately adjusted to fix the desired thickness of the film of adhesive applied by applicator roller 183. For permitting the adjustment and holding wiper roller 206 in adjusted position, each of discs 208 is provided with an arcuate slot 213 through which projects a screw 214 threaded in the applicator frame and which carries a clamping nut 215 at its inner end adapted to clamp against a disc 208. Upon loosening of screws 214 the adjustment can be effected; and upon tightening the screws, the adhesive roller mounting is held in adjusted position. Since the adjustment which will normally be effected is minute, such adjustment will not interfere with meshing of the teeth of gears 211 and 212. Any suitable thermostat controlled heating mechanism (not shown) can be employed to maintain the adhesive in pan 181 at the desired temperature and viscosity for applying the same to the paper.

Winding mechanism As is illustrated in Figs. 1D and 2D, the winding mechanism which rewinds the combined sheets 4a and 7a into roll 56 comprises a pair of rollers 216 which are spaced apart to form a cradle for the rewound roll 56. One of rollers 216, the left one appearing in Fig. 1D is freely journalled, while the other roller is driven, being mounted on a shaft which carries pulley 217 connected by a multiple belt drive connection 218, to a pulley 219 on a journal-led shaft 221. Shaft 221 also carries a pulley 222 which is connected by multiple belt drive connection 223, to a drive pulley 224 driven by any suitable prime mover 226. In this connection, the pulley ratios are such as to provide a drive of the desired rate.

The previously mentioned idler roller 54 of the winding mechanism, over which the combined sheet passes before formation of roll 56, is rotatably carried in a pair of spaced brackets 227 which are slidably mounted on framework 48 of the winding mechanism, and having each a set screw 228 to provide for accurate alinement of roller 54 before brackets 227 are clamped in position through suitable clamping means 229; the alinement being desirable to insure proper tracking of the combined paper to roll 56.

Such Winding mechanism is of conventional construction; and as is usual in mechanisms of this type, roll 56 is formed about a mandrel 231 which is slidably mounted in spaced upright guideways 232. Roll 56 as it is being formed, always rests on the roller cradle which includes the right hand driving roller 216. This roller is driven at a substantially constant desired velocity through the previously described driving means. Hence, the combined sheet, as well as the separate sheets 4a and 7a before they are combined, will be pulled through the entire apparatus at a substantially constant velocity; the winding mechanism providing the sole means for moving the combined sheet and the separate sheets 4a and 7a through the apparatus.

Product Because the butt lap joint connection between the separate sheets 4:: and 7a is of substantially the same thickness as the remainder of the paper, roll 56 will be of substantially constant diameter throughout. Hence, no problem obtains in winding the combined sheet into roll 56; or when the paper of roll 56 is to be printed upon in a roll fed newspaper printing press, there is no problem in subsequently feeding the combined sheet of roll 56 to such press. Also, since the combined sheet is of substantially constant thickness throughout, including the joint, it can be handled by the printing press; and the printing will not be blurred or distorted across the joint.

Fig. 13 illustrates the particular construction of the joint in which the adhesive layer is indicated at 241. It will be noted that each of the sheets 4a and 7a is ground with a truly rectangularly shaped recess along the edge to provide for the butt lap joint connection. With respect to newsprint paper, which as previously mentioned, is approximately 0.003 inch thick, the paper is ground to leave a thickness of 0.00125 inch at the unground edge portion 242 of each sheet. This leaves a thickness of approximately 0.00050 inch for the film of adhesive 241.

In the embodiment of the invention described, two separate sheets 4a and 7a are combined but it is to be understood that the apparatus can combine any desired number of sheets by the described mechanism, and by alinement of the adjacent edges of the adjacent sheets to be combined. For example, if it is desired to combine three sheets, another grinding wheel can be employed in each grinding

mechanism

13 and 18, and also another adhesive applicator roller in adhesive applicator 19. Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate in phantom lines the position of another grinding wheel 243 in grinding mechanism 13 for grinding an edge of an additional sheet 244 to be combined with the edge of sheet 7a opposite the edge 9 thereof combined with sheet 4a; it being understood that grinding mechanism 18 will also have an additional grinding wheel at the proper location for this purpose and adhesive applicator 19 an additional adhesive applicator roller to apply the adhesive for securing the additional joint. The lateral adjustable mounting for the bearing brackets in the grinding mechanisms, which support the grinding wheel shaft 112, permit proper positioning of the brackets to carry the additional grinding wheel on the shaft without interference.

Fig. 14 illustrates in plan view a newspaper sheet which is formed of three separate combined

sheets

246, 247 and 248 of mill end stock. They are combined at the

joints

249 and 251; the printing on such sheet being diagrammatically illustrated and indicated by reference numeral 252. If the mill ends are sufiiciently wide only two separate sheets need be combined.

The invention lends itself very readily to special advertising and publicity effects. This is so because each of the

separate sheets

246, 247 and 248 to be combined need not all be of the same usual white body color but can be originally of a difierent body color. For example sheet 246 may be pink, sheet 247 white, and sheet 248 green. However, to produce such effect, each of the sheets need not be of a body color different from the others, as long as at least one of them is of a difierent body color. Such vari-colored sheets when combined will produce a newspaper sheet having at least one stripe of a body color throughout different from that of another sheet; and this creates a striking advertising effect. Thus, the separa e sheets of this invention need not be dyed or colored after they are combined to produce such efiect, which makes for a construction different from that which obtains where the diiferent stripes of color are formed by mere printed coloring or overprinting on an integral sheet. This makes for economy when such effect is desired, inasmuch as vari-body colored newsprint sheet rolls are produced at the mill from which mill ends are cut.

Although the invention has found great applicability and is presently employed in the production of useful newsprint sheets from waste mill ends, it is apparent that any other types of paper or sheet materials which can be adhesively secured and are relatively flexible, can be combined in the manner related. In this connection because of the special grinding apparatus and method, relatively thin flexible sheets of paper can be combined. Furthermore, the special manner described herein, with its resultant advantages, of grinding a paper sheet or the like,

12 which includes rotating a grinding wheel in the direction of movement of the sheet so that it overrides the sheet, is useful alone for the grinding of any type of paper where grinding of such paper is desired for any purpose besides combining of such sheets.

I claim:

1. In apparatus of the character described, meansfor supporting a moving sheet of paper including a table and a rounded anvil member extending transversely of the path of movement of the sheet and over which the sheet is adapted to ride, means fixedly mounting the anvil member on the table with the anvil member projected to provide an arched path of movement of the sheet over the table with substantially a single point contact of the moving sheet with said anvil member and a substantially single point contact of the sheet at each side of the anvil member, a rotatable grinding wheel over the anvil member and having a cylindrical abrasive grining surface posioned over the sheet with the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel substantially prependicular to the path of movement of the sheet, a support structure upon which the grinding wheel is mounted, means adjustably supporting said support structure for movement relative to the anvil member, a stop engaging the support structure to maintain the grinding surface of said wheel a predetermined fixed distance from the anvil member whereby the sheet can be ground to a predetermined depth, at least the portion of the anvil member supporting the portion of the sheet engaged by'thegrinding wheel being of material substantially non-porous. to paper dust, resilient means connected to said support structure to hold the same against said stop, and means including an exhaust nozzle adjacent said anvil to efiect removal of ground dust.

2. In apparatus of the character described: means for supporting a moving sheet of paper including a table and a rounded anvil member extending transversely of the path of movement of the sheet and over which the sheet is adapted to ride; means fixedly mounting the anvil member on the table with the anvil member projected to provide an arched path of movement of the sheet over the table with substantially a single point contact of the moving sheet with said anvil member and a substantially single point contact of the sheet at each side of the anvil member; a rotatable grinding wheel over the anvil member and having a cylindrical abrasive grinding surface positioned over the sheet with the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel substantially perpendicular to the path of movement of the sheet; a supporting member upon which the grinding wheel is mounted, means for adjusting one of said members relative to the other, of saidmembers, a stop engaging one of said members to maintain the grinding surface of said wheel a predetermined fixed distance from the anvil member whereby the sheet can be. ground to a predetermined depth, at least the portion of the anvil member supporting the portion of the sheet engaged by the grinding wheelbeing of material substantially non-porous to paper dust; resilient means connected to said support structure to hold the same against said stop; and means including an exhaust nozzle adjacent said anvil to effect removal of ground dust. I

3. In apparatus of the character described: means for supporting a moving sheet of paper including a table and a rounded anvil member extending transversely of the path of movement of the sheet and over which the sheet is adapted to ride; means fixedly mounting the anvil member on the table with the anvil member projected to provide an arched path of movement of the sheet over the table with substantially a single point contact of the moving sheet with said anvil member and a substantially single point contact of the sheet at each side of the anvil member; a rotatable grinding wheel over the anvil member and having a cylindrical abrasive grinding surface positioned over the sheet with the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel substantially perpendicular to the path of movement of the sheet; a supporting member upon which the grinding wheel is mounted, means for adjusting one of said members relative to the other of said members, a stop engaging one of said members to maintain the grinding surface of said Wheel a predetermined fixed distance from the anvil member whereby the sheet can be ground to a predetermined depth, at least the portion of the anvil member supporting the portion of the sheet engaged by the grinding wheel being of material substantially non-porous to paper dust; resilient mean; connected to said support structure to hold the same against said stop; and means including an exhaust nozzle mounted immediately adjacent the end of said anvil member and circumscribing said end so that gas passing through said nozzle will be effective over all of the exposed sides of said anvil member thereby to maintain said sides substantially free of ground paper particles.

4. In apparatus of the character described: means for supporting a moving sheet of paper including a table and a rounded anvil member extending transversely of the path of movement of the sheet and over which the sheet is adapted to ride; means fixedly mounting the anvil member on the table with the anvil member projected to provide an arched path of movement of the sheet over the table with substantially a single point contact of the mov ing sheet with said anvil member and a substantially single point contact of the sheet at each side of the anvil member; a rotatable grinding wheel over the anvil member and having a cylindrical abrasive grinding surface positioned over the sheet with the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel substantially perpendicular to the path of movement of the sheet; a support structure upon which the grinding wheel is mounted, means adjustably supporting said support structure for movement relative to the anvil member, a stop engaging the support structure to maintain the grinding surface of said wheel a predetermined fixed distance from the anvil member whereby the sheet can be ground to a predetermined depth, at least the portion of the anvil member supporting the portion of the sheet engaged by the grinding wheel being of material substantially non-porous to paper dust; resilient means connected to said support structure to hold the same against said stop; and means including an exhaust nozzle mounted immediately adjacent the end of said anvil member and circumscribing said end so that a gas passing through said nozzle will be effective over all of the exposed sides of said anvil member thereby to maintain said sides substantially free of ground paper particles.

5. In apparatus of the character described: means for supporting a moving sheet of paper including a table and a rounded anvil member extending transversely of the path of movement of the sheet and over which the sheet is adapted to ride, the length of said anvil member being at least equal to the width of said sheet of paper so that said sheet will be supported by said anvil over its entire width; means fixedly mounting the anvil member on the table with the anvil member projected to provide an arched path of movement of the sheet over the table with substantially a single point contact of the moving sheet with said anvil member and a substantially single point contact of the sheet at each side of the anvil member; a rotatable grinding wheel over the anvil member and having a cylindrical abrasive grinding surface positioned over the sheet with the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel substantially perpendicular to the path of movement of the sheet; a supporting member upon which the grinding wheel is mounted, means for adjusting one of said members relative to the other of said members, a stop engaging one of said members to maintain the grinding surface of said wheel a predetermined fixed distance from the anvil member whereby the sheet can be ground to a predetermined depth, at least the portion of the anvil member supporting the portion of the sheet engaged by the grinding wheel being of material substantially non-porous to paper dust; resilient means connected to said support structure to hold the same against said stop; and means including an exhaust nozzle adjacent said anvil to effect removal of ground dust.

6. In apparatus of the character described: means for supporting a moving sheet of paper including a table and a rounded anvil member extending transversely of the path of movement of the sheet and over which the sheet is adapted to ride, the length of said anvil member being at least equal to the width of said sheet of paper so that said sheet will be supported by said anvil over its entire width; means fixedly mounting the anvil member on the table with the anvil member projected to provide an arched path of movement of the sheet over the table with substantially a single point contact of the moving sheet with said anvil member and a substantially single point contact of the sheet at each side of the anvil member; a rotatable grinding wheel over the anvil member and having a cylindrical abrasive grinding surface positioned over the sheet with the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel substantially perpendicular to the path of movement of the sheet; a support structure upon which the grinding wheel is mounted, means adjustably supporting said support structure for movement relative to the anvil member, a stop engaging the support structure to maintain the grinding surface of said wheel a predetermined fixed distance from the anvil member whereby the sheet can be ground to a predetermined depth, at least the portion of the anvil member supporting the portion of the sheet engaged by the grinding wheel being of material substantially non-porous to paper dust; resilient means connected to said support structure to hold the same against said stop; and means including an exhaust nozzle adjacent said anvil to effect removal of ground dust.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 396,553 Fowle Jan. 22, 1889 1,303,027 Carr May 6, 1919 1,634,997 Jones July 5, 1927 1,804,537 Meacher May 12, 1931 1,837,821 Holmes Dec. 22, 1931 1,950,030 Hawes Mar. 6, 1934 2,180,433 Page Nov. 21, 1939 2,217,306 Burrill Oct. 8, 1940 2,252,818 Somes Aug. 19, 1941 2,263,536 Dike Nov. 18, 1941 2,277,373 Somes Mar. 24, 1942 2,296,934 Kirkman Sept. 29, 1942 2,358,572 Hamilton Sept. 10, 1944 2,392,375 Gardella Jan. 8, 1946 2,431,035 Goepert et a1 Nov. 18, 1947 2,671,990 Reed Mar. 16, 1954 2,671,991 Thorsell Mar. 16, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 423,559 Great Britain Feb. 4, 1940 OTHER REFERENCES Chase, Modern Plastics, vol. 27, No. 10, June 1950, pages 89, 92 and 94.