US274577A - thomas a - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

V T. A. EDISON. TELEPHONE. I V

170,274,577. Patented Mar. 27,1883.

' NITED TATES Aren't error,

THOMAS A. EDISON, OF MENLO PARK, NEW JERSEY.

TELEPHONE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 274,577, dated March 2'7, 1883.

Application filed October 6, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS ALVA EDIsoN, of Menlo Park, in the State of New Jersey, have invented an Improvement in Telephones, (Case No. 159 of which the following is a specification.

- This application is a division of my application filed November 18, 1878, No. 159, and said division is made for the purpose of separating from the said original application the different features of invention into three additional applications. The present I term Case No. 1590 77 In my application No. 130, heretofore filed, the circuit passes through plumbago or similar material, and the diaphragm that is acted upon by the sound-waves serves to vary the eiectric tension by the extent of surface contact.

In my (Jase No. 151, patented April 30, 1878, No. 203,016, I have shown an induction-coil with primary and secondary circuits and receiving and transmitting telephones. A carbon button in a circuit and acted upon by the diaphragm is shown in my said Gase'15l and also in Case '141. These are not therefore claimed herein.

In my present improvement I make use of a surface or surfaces having numerous points produced by scores or due lines across the surface, preferably about at right angles to each other, and this surface or surfaces are in the electric circuit and combined with the diaphragnnso that the movement given to the diaphragm by the sound-waves will produce greater or less intimacy of contact at the scored surface and a consequent rise and fall of electric tension. I also combine with a button oi carbon or equivalent material in one circuit an electro-magnet in another circuit, the armature of which varies the pressure upon such carbon or other finely-divided material, and by this means repeats the telephonic pulsations. I also construct the telephonic receiver resents the transmitting, receiving, and repeating instruments, the instruments at X being at one station and the instruments at G being at the repeating-station. Fig. 2 is a detached View of a modification of the repeatiuginstrument, and Fig. 3 is a face view of the tension-regulator formed by a surface scored with numerous lines.

The telephonic transmitter A is made with a case containing the diaphragm or plate 0, against which the sound acts to vibrate the same.

, The plate 6 is in the bottom of a vulcanite cup or holder, 20, and can be adjusted nearer to or farther from the diaphragm c by the screw 21. v

The tension-regulating device 9 is between the plate 0 and the second plate, a, the wires 10 and 12 of the circuit to the battery B connecting, so thatthe circuit passes through these plates and the intervening tension-regulator.

- The tension-regulating device is composed of two contiguous surfaces, one or both of which are scored with numerous fine lines, so as to produce a great number of contact-points. By adjusting the screw 21 the initial pressure can be regulated, and the vibrations of the diaphragm due to the action of sounds will vary the pressure and the extent of surface contact, so as to produce rise and fall of tension in the circuit by bringing more or less of the points on the surface or surfaces into contact.

In Fig. '3 I have shown the surface scored as aforesaid, and it is to be understood that the scoring is to be of the requisite fineness, preferably several thousand to the inch.

In the instrument A, Fig. l, the tensionregulator is composed of a strip of platina scored by lines of ruling at right angles, and folded, with a piece of felt, rubber, or similar material within the fold,and the scored surfaces in contact with the plates at and 6, respectivel y. Several layers of foil ruled as aforesaid maybe placed together, if desired, to obtain great resistance and variation in the electric tension of the circuit. The foil ruled as aforesaid is believed to operate in the circuit in a similar manner to a carbon button.

Between the diaphragm c and plate a there is a short section of a tube, 6, tolform a central I line, I, currents corresponding or [)lOPOliilOlF hearing.

The inductorium I has its primary included in the circuit to the battery B and tensionregulator and its secondary to the line and ground. The receiving-telephone R is placed in the line-circuit passing through the secondary of the inductorium. At the receiving-instrument It there is a permanent magnet, H, -and upon one pole there is a bar,23,forming at its ends the cores for the helices?) and 4, that are in the line-circuit, and upon the other pole of the magnet II, there is a bar, 24;, that is connected at its ends to the diaphragms (Z d.

7 These diaphragms hence are polarized by induction, and are of one polarity-say southwhile the cores of 3 and 4 are polarized north by induction. Flexible tubes m, with earpieces, are connected to the chambers or cases holding the diaphragms d d, so that the sound is conveyed to the cars. This apparatus is not liable to become dcmagnetized, because any current which passes through the helices I 3 and 4 acts to increase the induced magnetism at one end of the bar 23 in proportion as it tends to decrease the induced magnetism in the'other end. Thus there will be no tendency to injure the permanent magnet H; but the telephonic current will cause the diaphragms to respond by the change of magnetism in the cores adjacent to the diaphragms.

The repeating-instrument at the station G contains an electro-magnet, D the helix of which isin the main-line circuit. Its core is adjacent to an iron plate or armature, and the variation of the magnetism resulting from the action of the current in the main lineincreases and decreases the pressure upon a button of carbon, g, or similar material, forming thetension-regulator in a second electric circuit. I have shown the local circuit from the battery B as passing to the plate fat one side of the circuit-regulator g, and to the adjusting device of the plate h at the other side of the carbon or similar material, and in this local circuit is the primary of the inductorium 1 the secondary of which is in the line P to the distant receiving-instrument. core of the electro-magnet13 to one pole of the permanent magnet A, so that it may be polar ized by induction, and hence the line-current will increase or decrease the magnetism of the core of B The armature-plate of the magnet B is shown upon'a lever, 0, having a fulcrum at 0, and the spring at (P, which should be adj ustable, serves to apply an initial pressure to the tension-regulator g, and I prefer to use a short cylinder, 6, between the armaturefplate and the disk 1'', to insure a central bearing on the tension-regulator. When an .electricwave from the distant station variesthe power of the magnet B the pressure upon the tensionregulator g is decreased or increased, and the primary current from B acts in the inductori-um to translate or reproduce on the second I prefer to connect the ate tothose sent from the instrument A.

The instrument shown in Fig. 2 is a very delicate translator, acting similarly tothat in Fig. 1. The electro-magnet B has a helix-in the line-circuit, as before, and A is its polar ized core. 0 is a diaphragm, and S is a'lever, the short end, it, of which is attracted by an adjustable magnet, H. Between the lever S and diaphragm 0 there are the pieces 14 and 15, of carbon or other finely-divided material, that act as a tension-regulator for the translatin g or repeating circuit that passes through the lever S and diaphragm O hence the rise and fall of electric tension in the repeatingcircuit will result from the vibrations of the diaphragm, producing more or less pressure and intimacy of contact in the tension-regulator at 14 15, the initial pressure being determined by the proximity of the magnet H to the lever S.

It will be observed that the vibrations of thediaphragm act upon the carbons 14 and 15 to vary the electric tension in the circuit passing through them, and that the magnet H and lever Storm the resistance behind the carbons.

It will be observed that in my telephone instruments I provide an electric tension-regulatorhaving an extended surface, in contradistinction to a point or small bearing such as shown in my application No. 141, and instead of the electric-tension regulator coming directly into contact with the diaphragm, as in my application N o. 130, I combine with the electric tens'ion-regulatin g device an intermediate bearing having'a small contact with the diaphragm and the required extent of surface against the tension-regulator. This bear ing is non-elastic to transfer more positively to the tension-regulator the tremulo'us movements of the diaphragm, as distinguished from the yielding material-such as cork orrubber-- o as shown in my Patent No. 203,016. If thecurrent passes through this non-elastic bearing piece, as at A, the same is to be of metal or other goodconductor.

Certain of the devices shown herein are not claimed, as they form the subject of other applications.

I claim as" my inventionr 1. In a telephone, the combination, with the diaphragm and the tension-regulating device,

| i I i initial pressure to the tension-regulatonsubother circuit aeted upon by such diaphragm, connected with the diaphragm and the other and a yielding-pressure device to apply an with the said arm, substantially as set; forth.

Signedhy me this 30th day of March, A. D. m

stantially as set forth. 1882.

4. The combination; in a telephone, of a Witnesses: THOMAS A. EDISON.

diaphragm, e lever-arm, and two electrodes of GEO. T. PINCKNEY, carbon or similar material, one of which is HAROLD SERRELL.

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