US2737517A - Quaternary ammonium anthraquinone salts - Google Patents

Quaternary ammonium anthraquinone salts Download PDF

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US2737517A
US2737517A US432307A US43230754A US2737517A US 2737517 A US2737517 A US 2737517A US 432307 A US432307 A US 432307A US 43230754 A US43230754 A US 43230754A US 2737517 A US2737517 A US 2737517A
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amino
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sulfate
hydroxyanthraquinone
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Jr Samuel Neil Boyd
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
    • C09B1/50—Amino-hydroxy-anthraquinones; Ethers and esters thereof
    • C09B1/501—Amino-hydroxy-anthraquinones; Ethers and esters thereof containing onium groups

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  • This invention relates to the preparation of anthraquinone dyes, and more particularly to cationic anthra- .quinone dyes which :are alkylammonium salts-of l arnino- 4-hydroxy 2 dialkylaminoalkoxyanthr-aquinones of the general formula:
  • R1 and R2 are alkyl groups containingfrom 1 to 4 carbon atoms
  • R3 is a member of the group consisting of alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and aralkyl of the benzene series
  • A is an anion of a 'quaternizing agent which does not confer insolubility 'to the dye molecule
  • n is an integer of from 2 to '4, inclusive.
  • the invention has for its object to produce new cationic anthraquinone dyes particularly useful for the dyeing of polyacrylonitrile fibers in pink to red shades of good fastness properties.
  • the quaternized ammonium salts of the compounds of .the following examples all show good aifinity for polyacrylonitrile fibers and dye such fibers in desirable pink to' red shades which exhibit excellent light fastness (6 to 7 on the AATCC scale of 1 to 8), sublimation and wash fastness. These .novel dyes also show good fastness to carbonizing treatments, which is an important property of a dye used in dyeing union fabrics of wool and polyacrylonitrile fibers.
  • the dyes of this invention are water soluble and are applied .to the polyacrylonitrile fibers in Water solutions, preferably at or near the boil. No additions to the dye bath are necessary although the cationic surface active agents may be employed when desired.
  • the new quaternized ammonium salts of 'flllS invention may be applied to the textiles from neutral,-acid or alkaline solutions, and preferably from solutions having a pH of from to 8, although a pH range of from 3 containing cellulosic fibers or wool in conjunction with the polyacrylonitrile fibers.
  • the polyacrylonitrile fiber is dyed without any significant staining of the wool'when the dyeing is carried out in a slightly acid bath.
  • the water soluble aliphatic acids may be employed in such dye baths together with anionic surface active agents.
  • Union fabrics of viscose and polyacrylonitrilefibers may be dyed from acid, :neutral or alkaline baths, preferably at a .pH of from 5 to 8, in which case the viscose fisrnot significantly stained.
  • the dyes of this application may be applied to poly- .acrylonitrile fibers made from :either the homopolymers or the copolymers which are produced predominantly from acrylonitrile as more particularly described in U. S. Patent 2,436,926.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be prepared by reacting 1-amino-4-hydroxy-2-phenoxyanthraquinone with dialkylaminoalkanols in the presence of caustic hydroxide such as potassium hydroxide, as more particularly illustrated in Examples 1 and 2, or by carrying out the reaction in the presence of metallic sodium as more particularly illustrated in Examples 3 and 4.
  • caustic hydroxide such as potassium hydroxide
  • the l-amino 4 hydroxy 2 (dialkylaminoalkoxy)- anthraquinones are converted to the quaternary ammonium salts in the usual manner by reaction with short chain alkyl chlorides, bromides orsulfates, or with alkyl esters of organic sulfonicacids such as the methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl ester of paratoluene sulfonic acid.
  • the mixture is filtered While hot and the filtrate, cooled to from 0' to 10 C., is rendered slightly alkaline with sodium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia solution.
  • the precipitate is isolated by filtration, washed with Water and dried.
  • the product, l-amino- 2-(Z-dimethylaminoethoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone is a red solid which dissolves in aqueous acid solution with a red coloration.
  • the dry product methyl[2-(I1-amino-4-hydroxy- Z-anthraquinonyloxy) ethylltri'methylammonium sulfate is a red powder which dissolves readily in water to yield a red solution. It has the formula:
  • Example 1a The procedure of Example 1a for the preparation of l-amino-2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy) 4 hydroxyanthraquinone is followed, using 21.6 parts of 2-diethylaminoethanol, 5.3 parts of l-amino-4-hydroxy-2-phenoxyanthraquinone and 1 part of potassium hydroxide.
  • Example 3 (a) 1-arnino-2-(3-diethylaminopropoxy) 4 hydroxyanthraquinone.
  • a mixture of 69.2 parts of dry 3-diethylamino-1-propanol and 1 part of metallic sodium is heated to C. to elfect solution; 7.7 parts of 1-amino-4-hydroxy-2- phenoxyanthraquinone is then added and the mixture heated at a temperature of to C. for a period of from 16 to 20 hours.
  • the reaction product, l-amino- 2-(3-diethylaminopropoxy) 4 hydroxyanthraquinone is obtained according to the isolation procedure used for 1-amino-2-(Z-dimethylarninoethoxy) 4 hydroxyanthraquinone in Example l-a.
  • the red product is soluble in dilute acid solutions with red coloration.
  • Example 4 1 amino-2-(Z-di-n-butylaminoethoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone is prepared from 69 parts of dry 2-di-nbutylaminoethanol, 1 part of metallic sodium and 7.7 parts of 1-amino-4-hydroxy-2-phenoxyanthraquinone according to the procedure for the synthesis of 1-amino-4- hydroxy-Z-(3-diethylaminopropoxy) anthraquinone in Example 3a. The product dissolves in dilute acid solutions with blue-red coloration.
  • arylor aralkyl substituted aliphatic halides such as pCH3'CsH4CH2Cl or CsH5CHzCHzCl, or benzyl chloride or their Br analogs.
  • Diethyl sulfate, dipropyl sulfate, dibutyl sulfate or short chain chlorides or bromides may also be employed'in the above examples.
  • organic solvents may be used in the quaternization reaction, such as acetone, monochlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, isopropanol, n-butanol, etc.
  • R1 and R2 are alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms
  • R3 is a member of the group consisting of alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and aralkyl of the benzene series
  • A is an anion of a quaternizing agent which does not confer insolubility to the dye molecules and n is an integer from 2 to 4, inclusive.

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Description

United States Patent Ofiice Patented Mar. 6, 1956 QUATERNARY ONE Samuel Neil Boyd, Jr., Salem, N. J., assignor to E. L dn Pont de Nemours and ompany,'wilmingion, l)el., a corporation :of Delaware No Drawing. Application May 25, 1954, Serial No. 432,307
4 Claims. (Cl. '260-379) This invention .relates to the preparation of anthraquinone dyes, and more particularly to cationic anthra- .quinone dyes which :are alkylammonium salts-of l arnino- 4-hydroxy 2 dialkylaminoalkoxyanthr-aquinones of the general formula:
r- O NH:
H A R1 outw t-R.
in which R1 and R2 are alkyl groups containingfrom 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 is a member of the group consisting of alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and aralkyl of the benzene series; A is an anion of a 'quaternizing agent which does not confer insolubility 'to the dye molecule; and n is an integer of from 2 to '4, inclusive.
The invention has for its object to produce new cationic anthraquinone dyes particularly useful for the dyeing of polyacrylonitrile fibers in pink to red shades of good fastness properties.
iIn the dyeing of the new polyacrylonitrile fibers pres- .ently sold on the market under the du Pont trade name Orlon, no dye has been found which would dye this new fiber in pink vto red shades having the fastness proper- .ties that are desirable for textiles made therefrom. Dyes of the Rhodamine type, such as those listed in Rowes .Colour Index under numbers 749 to 752, while capable of being applied to the new polyacrylonitrile fiber, show light fastness of only 1 to 3 on the AATCC scale of 1 to 8. Various other classes of dyes have been sug gested for use on this new fiber, such as the dispersed dyes commonly used on cellulose acetate, as well as water soluble sulfonic acid compounds, but none have been found to give the light fastness which characterizes the dyes of the present invention.
The quaternized ammonium salts of the compounds of .the following examples all show good aifinity for polyacrylonitrile fibers and dye such fibers in desirable pink to' red shades which exhibit excellent light fastness (6 to 7 on the AATCC scale of 1 to 8), sublimation and wash fastness. These .novel dyes also show good fastness to carbonizing treatments, which is an important property of a dye used in dyeing union fabrics of wool and polyacrylonitrile fibers.
The dyes of this invention are water soluble and are applied .to the polyacrylonitrile fibers in Water solutions, preferably at or near the boil. No additions to the dye bath are necessary although the cationic surface active agents may be employed when desired.
The new quaternized ammonium salts of 'flllS invention may be applied to the textiles from neutral,-acid or alkaline solutions, and preferably from solutions having a pH of from to 8, although a pH range of from 3 containing cellulosic fibers or wool in conjunction with the polyacrylonitrile fibers. On dyeing such mixed goods containing wool, the polyacrylonitrile fiber is dyed without any significant staining of the wool'when the dyeing is carried out in a slightly acid bath. The water soluble aliphatic acids may be employed in such dye baths together with anionic surface active agents. Union fabrics of viscose and polyacrylonitrilefibers may be dyed from acid, :neutral or alkaline baths, preferably at a .pH of from 5 to 8, in which case the viscose fisrnot significantly stained.
The dyes of this application may be applied to poly- .acrylonitrile fibers made from :either the homopolymers or the copolymers which are produced predominantly from acrylonitrile as more particularly described in U. S. Patent 2,436,926.
The compounds of the present invention may be prepared by reacting 1-amino-4-hydroxy-2-phenoxyanthraquinone with dialkylaminoalkanols in the presence of caustic hydroxide such as potassium hydroxide, as more particularly illustrated in Examples 1 and 2, or by carrying out the reaction in the presence of metallic sodium as more particularly illustrated in Examples 3 and 4.
The l-amino 4 hydroxy 2 (dialkylaminoalkoxy)- anthraquinones are converted to the quaternary ammonium salts in the usual manner by reaction with short chain alkyl chlorides, bromides orsulfates, or with alkyl esters of organic sulfonicacids such as the methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl ester of paratoluene sulfonic acid.
The following examples are given to more fully illus trate the invention. The parts used are 'by weight.
Example 1 -(a) l-amino-Z (2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone.
A mixture of 20.6 parts of Z-dimethylaminoethanol and 1 part of potassium hydroxideis heated at refiuxfor one I hour and cooled to 100 C.; 5.3 parts of l-amino-4-hyto 10 has been found to be satisfactory. This characteristic'permits the dyeing of these colors onmixed goods droxy-Z-phenoxyanthraquinone is added and the mixture is refluxed for from 16 to 24 hours. The cooled reaction mixture is filtered and the filter cake is combined with the solid isolated from the filtrate by distillation .of the excess amino-alcohol. The combined solid material is mixed with 29 parts of water plus 4.4 parts of glacial acetic acid andheated to 85 C. The mixture is filtered While hot and the filtrate, cooled to from 0' to 10 C., is rendered slightly alkaline with sodium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia solution. The precipitate is isolated by filtration, washed with Water and dried. The product, l-amino- 2-(Z-dimethylaminoethoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone is a red solid which dissolves in aqueous acid solution with a red coloration.
(b) To a solution of 2.14 parts of l-arnino-2-'(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone in approximately 19 parts of isopropanol is added 1.0 part of dimethyl sulfate. The mixture is refluxed for two hours and allowed to stand overnight. The reaction mixture is heated to from 70 to C., filtered and the solid material is Washed twice with approximately 20 part portions of warm isopropanol, acetone and finally petroleum ether. The dry product, methyl[2-(I1-amino-4-hydroxy- Z-anthraquinonyloxy) ethylltri'methylammonium sulfate is a red powder which dissolves readily in water to yield a red solution. It has the formula:
-0 enter-1281mm);
CHsSOF (c) In a similar manner, [2-(l-amino-4-hydroxy-2- anthraquinonyloxy) ethyl] benzyldimethylammonium chloride is prepared by replacing the dimethylsulfate in (b) with 1.27 parts of benzyl chloride.
(d) In a similar manner, [2-(1-amino-4-hydroxy-2- anthraquinonyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium p-toluene sulfonate is prepared by replacing the dimethyl sulfate in (b) with 2.29 parts of methyl p-toluene sulfonate.
(e) In a similar manner, ethyl[2-(l-amino-4-hydroxy- 2-anthraquinonyloxy)ethyl]dimethylethylammonium sulfate of the formula:
I 0 Ha -o 0 Hi0 InN-o H;
l C 2115504 0 H is prepared by replacing the dimethyl sulfate in (b) with 1.78 parts of diethyl sulfate.
(f) [2-(1-amino 4 hydroxy-Z-anthraquinonyloxy)- ethyl]-dimethylethylammoninm bromide is prepared by allowing a mixture of 31.8 parts of isopropanol, 1.64 parts of ethyl bromide and 1 part of 1-amino-2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone to stand at room temperature for from 48 to 72 hours. The red product, isolated by filtration of the reaction mixture, washed with petroleum ether and dried,'is soluble in water with a red coloration.
Example 2 (a) l-amino 2 (2 diethylaminoethoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone.
The procedure of Example 1a for the preparation of l-amino-2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy) 4 hydroxyanthraquinone is followed, using 21.6 parts of 2-diethylaminoethanol, 5.3 parts of l-amino-4-hydroxy-2-phenoxyanthraquinone and 1 part of potassium hydroxide. The product, 1-amino-2-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone, is a red solid which dissolves in aqueous acid solutions with a red coloration.
(a-l) In a similar manner, l-amino-Z-(Z-diethylaminoethoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone is prepared by replacing the potassium hydroxide in (a) with 0.8 part of sodium metal.
Calculated for C2oH22N2Or: C, 67.8%; H, 6.26%; N, 7.94%. Found: C, 67.5, 67.6, 68.2%; H, 6.30, 6.44, 6.46%; N, 7.85, 7.99%.
(b) To a solution of 2.13 parts of 1-amino-2-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone in 58 parts of Cellosolve (Z-ethoxyethanol-l) or 100 parts of isopropanol is added 1 part of diethyl sulfate. The mixture is refluxed for two hours and is then allowed to stand at room temperature for from 12 to 24 hours. The mixture is concentrated by boiling off to 75% of the solvent, and the product, ethyl[2-(l-amino-4-hydroxy-2-anthraquinonyloxy) ethyl] triethylammonium sulfate of the formula 1 I 02H, -0 0 mo Hai i-02H.
C QHsS F is precipitated by cooling and/or addition of petroleum ether (normal boiling range, 30-60 C.). This material, isolated by filtration, is readily soluble in water to give a red coloration.
(c) In a similar manner, methylEZ- (1 amino-4-hydroxy 2 anthraquinonyloxy)ethylldiethylmethylammonium sulfate is prepared by replacing the diethyl sulfate in (b) with 0.82 part of dimethyl sulfate.
(d) In a similar manner, [2(1-amino-4-hydroxy-2- anthraquinonyloxy) ethyl] diethylmethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate is prepared by replacing the diethyl sulfate in (b) with 1.2 parts of methyl p-toluenesulfonate.
Example 3 (a) 1-arnino-2-(3-diethylaminopropoxy) 4 hydroxyanthraquinone.
A mixture of 69.2 parts of dry 3-diethylamino-1-propanol and 1 part of metallic sodium is heated to C. to elfect solution; 7.7 parts of 1-amino-4-hydroxy-2- phenoxyanthraquinone is then added and the mixture heated at a temperature of to C. for a period of from 16 to 20 hours. The reaction product, l-amino- 2-(3-diethylaminopropoxy) 4 hydroxyanthraquinone, is obtained according to the isolation procedure used for 1-amino-2-(Z-dimethylarninoethoxy) 4 hydroxyanthraquinone in Example l-a. The red product is soluble in dilute acid solutions with red coloration.
(b) A solution of 1 part of l-amino-2-(3-diethylaminopropoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone in 12 parts of isopropanol is treated with 2.7 parts of dimethyl sulfate. The mixture is allowed to stand at the room temperature for 48 hours and is filtered. The solid material is washed with acetone and dried. The product methyl[3-(lamino 4 hydroxy-Z-anthraquinonyloxy)propyl]diethylmethylammonium sulfate, is a red powder soluble in water with a red coloration.
Example 4 (a) 1 amino-2-(Z-di-n-butylaminoethoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone is prepared from 69 parts of dry 2-di-nbutylaminoethanol, 1 part of metallic sodium and 7.7 parts of 1-amino-4-hydroxy-2-phenoxyanthraquinone according to the procedure for the synthesis of 1-amino-4- hydroxy-Z-(3-diethylaminopropoxy) anthraquinone in Example 3a. The product dissolves in dilute acid solutions with blue-red coloration.
(b) 1-amino-2-(4-dimethylamino-n-butoxy)-4-hydroxyanthraquinone is prepared from 70 parts of dry 4-dimethylamino-l-butanol, 1 part of metallic sodium and 7.7 parts of l-amino-4-hydroxy-2-phenoxyanthraquinone according to the process described in Example 3-a. The product obtained dissolves in dilute acid in which it exhibits a red color.
(0) A solution containing 1.8 parts of l-amino-2-(2- di n butylaminoethoxy) 4-hydroxyanthraquinone, 55 parts of isopropanol and 1 part of dimethyl sulfate is allowed to stand at the room temperature for three days. The reaction product, methyl[2-(1-amino-4-hydroxy-2- anthraquinonyloxy)ethyl]di n butylmethylammonium sulfate, which is isolated by evaporation of the isopropanol solvent, dissolves readily in water to yield a bluered solution.
(d) When the butoxy derivative obtained in Example 4-b is quaternized with dimethyl sulfate according to the process described in the previous paragraph, one obtains the methyl[4-(l-amino-4-hydroxy-Z-anthraquinonyloxy)n-butyl]trimethylammonium sulfate which dissolves in water to give a red colored solution.
The specific examples given above disclose as anions chloride, bromide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate and ptoluene sulfonate. From numerous tests it appears that the dyeing of polyacrylonitrile fibers with these quaternized compounds occurs by an ion exchange mechanism. The dye cation displaces a sodium ion or hydrogen ion associated with a sulfonate or sulfate anion present as a polymer end-group in the fiber. Thus the anion associated with the cationic dye plays no important role in the dyeing process. Any anion therefore may be used as long as it does not render the cationic dye insoluble in the dye bath. The nature of the anion associated with 5 the dye cation may be altered by the known metathetical or double decomposition reactions, according to the law of mass action.
As illustrative of compounds that may be used to produce the quaternary ammonium salts may be mentioned arylor aralkyl substituted aliphatic halides such as pCH3'CsH4CH2Cl or CsH5CHzCHzCl, or benzyl chloride or their Br analogs. Diethyl sulfate, dipropyl sulfate, dibutyl sulfate or short chain chlorides or bromides may also be employed'in the above examples.
Various organic solvents may be used in the quaternization reaction, such as acetone, monochlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, isopropanol, n-butanol, etc.
I claim: 1. Compounds of the general formula:
0 NH: II A- R: (0m) .13 1, R:
wherein R1 and R2 are alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 is a member of the group consisting of alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and aralkyl of the benzene series; A is an anion of a quaternizing agent which does not confer insolubility to the dye molecules and n is an integer from 2 to 4, inclusive.
2. Compound having the formula:
0 NK| ll -oon,omfi om omsor 3. Compound having the formula:
l I OH: -ocH,cH, -orr,
consol- 4. Compound having the formula:
| I 01115 -ooH,oH,fi-c,m \CHI cmsor No references cited.

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2881173A (en) * 1957-02-14 1959-04-07 Hoffmann La Roche Basic ethers of hydroxy anthraquinones
DE1180866B (en) * 1959-05-25 1964-11-05 Mitsubishi Chem Ind Process for the production of basic dyes of the anthraquinone series
DE1186161B (en) * 1959-07-06 1965-01-28 Ciba Geigy Process for the preparation of anthraquinone dyes
DE1207531B (en) * 1960-01-08 1965-12-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Process for the preparation of anthraquinone dyes
DE1263951B (en) * 1960-08-27 1968-03-21 Basf Ag Process for the preparation of 2-aminoanthraquinones
US6359052B1 (en) 1997-07-21 2002-03-19 Jack Wesley Trexler, Jr. Polyester/platelet particle compositions displaying improved dispersion
US6384121B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2002-05-07 Eastman Chemical Company Polymeter/clay nanocomposite comprising a functionalized polymer or oligomer and a process for preparing same
US6486253B1 (en) 1999-12-01 2002-11-26 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Polymer/clay nanocomposite having improved gas barrier comprising a clay material with a mixture of two or more organic cations and a process for preparing same
US6486254B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2002-11-26 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Colorant composition, a polymer nanocomposite comprising the colorant composition and articles produced therefrom
US6486252B1 (en) 1997-12-22 2002-11-26 Eastman Chemical Company Nanocomposites for high barrier applications
US6548587B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2003-04-15 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Polyamide composition comprising a layered clay material modified with an alkoxylated onium compound
US6552113B2 (en) 1999-12-01 2003-04-22 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Polymer-clay nanocomposite comprising an amorphous oligomer
US6552114B2 (en) 1998-12-07 2003-04-22 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Process for preparing a high barrier amorphous polyamide-clay nanocomposite
US6586500B2 (en) 2000-05-30 2003-07-01 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Polymer nanocomposite comprising a matrix polymer and a layered clay material having an improved level of extractable material
US6596803B2 (en) 2000-05-30 2003-07-22 Amcol International Corporation Layered clay intercalates and exfoliates having a low quartz content
US6610772B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2003-08-26 Eastman Chemical Company Platelet particle polymer composite with oxygen scavenging organic cations
US6653388B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2003-11-25 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Polymer/clay nanocomposite comprising a clay mixture and a process for making same
US20040063841A1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2004-04-01 Gilmer John Walker Process for preparing an exfoliated, high I. V. polymer nanocomposite with an oligomer resin precursor and an article produced therefrom
US20040127627A1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2004-07-01 Gilmer John Walker Polymer/clay nanocomposite comprising a clay treated with a mixture of two or more onium salts and a process for making same
US6777479B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2004-08-17 Eastman Chemical Company Polyamide nanocomposites with oxygen scavenging capability
US20050159526A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2005-07-21 Bernard Linda G. Polymamide nanocomposites with oxygen scavenging capability
WO2007090799A2 (en) 2006-02-09 2007-08-16 Dystar Textilfarben Gmbh & Co Deutschland Kg Dyestuffs and hair dye compositions

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2881173A (en) * 1957-02-14 1959-04-07 Hoffmann La Roche Basic ethers of hydroxy anthraquinones
DE1180866B (en) * 1959-05-25 1964-11-05 Mitsubishi Chem Ind Process for the production of basic dyes of the anthraquinone series
DE1186161B (en) * 1959-07-06 1965-01-28 Ciba Geigy Process for the preparation of anthraquinone dyes
DE1207531B (en) * 1960-01-08 1965-12-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Process for the preparation of anthraquinone dyes
DE1263951B (en) * 1960-08-27 1968-03-21 Basf Ag Process for the preparation of 2-aminoanthraquinones
US6359052B1 (en) 1997-07-21 2002-03-19 Jack Wesley Trexler, Jr. Polyester/platelet particle compositions displaying improved dispersion
US6486252B1 (en) 1997-12-22 2002-11-26 Eastman Chemical Company Nanocomposites for high barrier applications
US6713547B2 (en) 1997-12-22 2004-03-30 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Process for preparing high barrier nanocomposites
US6552114B2 (en) 1998-12-07 2003-04-22 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Process for preparing a high barrier amorphous polyamide-clay nanocomposite
US6486254B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2002-11-26 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Colorant composition, a polymer nanocomposite comprising the colorant composition and articles produced therefrom
US20040127627A1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2004-07-01 Gilmer John Walker Polymer/clay nanocomposite comprising a clay treated with a mixture of two or more onium salts and a process for making same
US6548587B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2003-04-15 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Polyamide composition comprising a layered clay material modified with an alkoxylated onium compound
US6417262B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2002-07-09 Eastman Chemical Company High barrier amorphous polyamide-clay nanocomposite and a process for preparing same
US6384121B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2002-05-07 Eastman Chemical Company Polymeter/clay nanocomposite comprising a functionalized polymer or oligomer and a process for preparing same
US6653388B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2003-11-25 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Polymer/clay nanocomposite comprising a clay mixture and a process for making same
US20040063841A1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2004-04-01 Gilmer John Walker Process for preparing an exfoliated, high I. V. polymer nanocomposite with an oligomer resin precursor and an article produced therefrom
US20040082698A1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2004-04-29 Barbee Robert Boyd Polymer/clay nanocomposite comprising a clay mixture and a process for making same
US6777479B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2004-08-17 Eastman Chemical Company Polyamide nanocomposites with oxygen scavenging capability
US6610772B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2003-08-26 Eastman Chemical Company Platelet particle polymer composite with oxygen scavenging organic cations
US6552113B2 (en) 1999-12-01 2003-04-22 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Polymer-clay nanocomposite comprising an amorphous oligomer
US6486253B1 (en) 1999-12-01 2002-11-26 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Polymer/clay nanocomposite having improved gas barrier comprising a clay material with a mixture of two or more organic cations and a process for preparing same
US6586500B2 (en) 2000-05-30 2003-07-01 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Polymer nanocomposite comprising a matrix polymer and a layered clay material having an improved level of extractable material
US6737464B1 (en) 2000-05-30 2004-05-18 University Of South Carolina Research Foundation Polymer nanocomposite comprising a matrix polymer and a layered clay material having a low quartz content
US6596803B2 (en) 2000-05-30 2003-07-22 Amcol International Corporation Layered clay intercalates and exfoliates having a low quartz content
US6828370B2 (en) 2000-05-30 2004-12-07 Amcol International Corporation Intercalates and exfoliates thereof having an improved level of extractable material
US20050159526A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2005-07-21 Bernard Linda G. Polymamide nanocomposites with oxygen scavenging capability
WO2007090799A2 (en) 2006-02-09 2007-08-16 Dystar Textilfarben Gmbh & Co Deutschland Kg Dyestuffs and hair dye compositions
EP1820826A1 (en) * 2006-02-09 2007-08-22 DyStar Textilfarben GmbH & Co. Deutschland KG Dyestuffs and Hair Dye Compositions
JP2009529582A (en) * 2006-02-09 2009-08-20 ダイスター テクスティルファルベン ゲゼルシャフト ミト ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニー ドイツランド コマンデイトゲゼルシャフト Dye and hair dye composition
JP2009531285A (en) * 2006-02-09 2009-09-03 ダイスター テクスティルファルベン ゲゼルシャフト ミト ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニー ドイツランド コマンデイトゲゼルシャフト Hair dye composition

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