US2734817A - Metallic powders - Google Patents
Metallic powders Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2734817A US2734817A US2734817DA US2734817A US 2734817 A US2734817 A US 2734817A US 2734817D A US2734817D A US 2734817DA US 2734817 A US2734817 A US 2734817A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- chromium
- particles
- copper
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 IRON-CHROMIUM Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000001787 Dendrites Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
Definitions
- This invention relates to metallic powders. More particularly, it relates to the production of irregularly shaped metallic particles by the process of preparing an essentially two-phase solid metallic body and dissolving out one of the phases.
- a further object of this invention is to provide materials for fabricating metal alloy articles in which the composition remains unchanged during the fabrication process.
- Yet another object is to metallic alloy powders.
- this invention comprisesthe combination of two metals having adequate liquid solubility or miscibility to permit casting without segregation, and yet which have little solid solubility and do not form intermetallic compounds.
- the two metals are melted together and permitted to solidify. As the liquid solidifies, the metals separate into two phases, one of the metals being embedded in a matrix formed by the other metal. The embedded metal is in the form of dendritic particles. The matrix materials are then removed from this composite, leaving the remaining metal in the form of metallic powder having a highly irregular shape.
- metal as used herein, is intended to be broad enough to relate to metal alloys and solid solutions, as well as single metallic elements.
- suitable metals for use in practicing this invention comprise those which are miscible in a liquid state but have little solid solubility in each other.
- suitable binarysystems of metals include copper and iron, aluminum and mercury, bismuth provide a method of making States Patent 2,734,817 Patented Feb. 14, 1956 and mercury, cadmium and lead, copper and chromium, copper and cobalt, manganese and lead, molybdenum and nickel, molybdenum and iron, silver and platinum, silver and titanium, silver and lead, tungsten and iron, tungsten and nickel, tungsten and cobalt, etc.
- the process of this invention can also be used with systems comprising more than two metallic elements.
- An example of these is a copper matrix in which is dispersed a solid solution of iron and chromium. Additional alloying elements, such as nickel, molybdenum, etc, can be incorporated in the iron-chromium solution. Other combinations will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
- the separation of the matrix material can be accomplished in several ways, as by immersion in chemical solutions, melting, dissolving by electrolysis, or other suitable methods.
- a composite of 72 per cent copper, 25 per cent iron, and 3 per cent chromium was formed into an ingot. After cooling, this ingot was immersed in a nitric acid solution contained in a glass vessel. When the copper had completely dissolved, it was noted that a layer of ironchromium dendrites had formed on the bottom of the vessel. These dendritic particles were separated by filtering, washed several times with water and alcohol, and then dried.
- the resulting product was a fine stainless steel powder which was of a particle size in the range commonly used for powder-metallurgy synthesis, and having a composition of approximately 12 per cent chromium, the balance iron. This powder was highly irregular in shape. When compacted together, the particles interlocked and formed a compact having a very high green strength.”
- the method of making dendritic metal particles which comprises the steps of combining copper, iron, and chromium in a liquid state, cooling said combined metals to a solid state to form a predominantly copper matrix in which are embedded particles of an iron-chromium alloy, and removing said copper matrix.
- the method of making dendritic metal particles which comprises the steps of combining in a liquid state copper, iron, chromium and at least one additional metal selected from the molybdenum, cooling said combined metals to a solid state to form a predominantly copper matrix in which are embedded particles of an alloy comprising iron, chromium and said additional metal, and removing said copper matrix.
- Dendn'tic particles said particles comprising iron, chromium, and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and molybdenum.
Description
1 2,734,817 WTALLHQ PQWDERS Ralph A. Happe, Worthington, @hio, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Batteile Development Corporation, (10- lumbus, (Ethic, a enrporation of Ghio No Drawing. Application February Serial No. 279,899
4 Claims. (ill. 75-.5)
This invention relates to metallic powders. More particularly, it relates to the production of irregularly shaped metallic particles by the process of preparing an essentially two-phase solid metallic body and dissolving out one of the phases.
In recent years, the techniques of fabrication of metal articles, by what are known as powder-metallurgy" techniques, has become Widely used. Under these processes metallic particles, in the form of powders, are shaped into the configuration desired for the finished article under great pressure, and then sintered at a high temperature to increase the bond strength. The fabrication of many metal objects has been facilitated, and many of the shortcomings of the usual casting methods have been overcome.
At the present time, many of the powders available for such use are more or less spherical in shape. This is particularly true in the case of alloy powders. In forming these powders into desired shapes for fabrication, it is necessary to use binder material in order that the compacts may have the required green strength. Even with the use of such a hinder the green strength of these articles is sometimes so small that the articles are unable to withstand removal from the die and handling before sintering at a high temperature. For best results the powders should be irregular in shape and capable of interlocking when compacted.
It is, therefore, one of the objects of this invention to provide a method of making improved metallic powders.
It is another object of this invention to form metallic powders which are highly irregular in shape and may be compacted without the necessity of an excessive amount of binding material.
A further object of this invention is to provide materials for fabricating metal alloy articles in which the composition remains unchanged during the fabrication process.
Yet another object is to metallic alloy powders.
Other objects of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description. 7
In general, this invention'comprisesthe combination of two metals having suficient liquid solubility or miscibility to permit casting without segregation, and yet which have little solid solubility and do not form intermetallic compounds.
The two metals are melted together and permitted to solidify. As the liquid solidifies, the metals separate into two phases, one of the metals being embedded in a matrix formed by the other metal. The embedded metal is in the form of dendritic particles. The matrix materials are then removed from this composite, leaving the remaining metal in the form of metallic powder having a highly irregular shape.
It should be understood that the term metal, as used herein, is intended to be broad enough to relate to metal alloys and solid solutions, as well as single metallic elements.
As previously stated, suitable metals for use in practicing this invention comprise those which are miscible in a liquid state but have little solid solubility in each other. Examples of suitable binarysystems of metals include copper and iron, aluminum and mercury, bismuth provide a method of making States Patent 2,734,817 Patented Feb. 14, 1956 and mercury, cadmium and lead, copper and chromium, copper and cobalt, manganese and lead, molybdenum and nickel, molybdenum and iron, silver and platinum, silver and titanium, silver and lead, tungsten and iron, tungsten and nickel, tungsten and cobalt, etc.
The process of this invention can also be used with systems comprising more than two metallic elements. An example of these is a copper matrix in which is dispersed a solid solution of iron and chromium. Additional alloying elements, such as nickel, molybdenum, etc, can be incorporated in the iron-chromium solution. Other combinations will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
The separation of the matrix material can be accomplished in several ways, as by immersion in chemical solutions, melting, dissolving by electrolysis, or other suitable methods.
As a specific example of this invention, a composite of 72 per cent copper, 25 per cent iron, and 3 per cent chromium, was formed into an ingot. After cooling, this ingot was immersed in a nitric acid solution contained in a glass vessel. When the copper had completely dissolved, it was noted that a layer of ironchromium dendrites had formed on the bottom of the vessel. These dendritic particles were separated by filtering, washed several times with water and alcohol, and then dried.
The resulting product was a fine stainless steel powder which was of a particle size in the range commonly used for powder-metallurgy synthesis, and having a composition of approximately 12 per cent chromium, the balance iron. This powder was highly irregular in shape. When compacted together, the particles interlocked and formed a compact having a very high green strength."
Although a specific example has been used to illustrate the practice of this invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited thereby, but only by the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
l. The method of making dendritic metal particles which comprises the steps of combining copper, iron, and chromium in a liquid state, cooling said combined metals to a solid state to form a predominantly copper matrix in which are embedded particles of an iron-chromium alloy, and removing said copper matrix.
2. The method of making dendritic metal particles which comprises the steps of combining in a liquid state copper, iron, chromium and at least one additional metal selected from the molybdenum, cooling said combined metals to a solid state to form a predominantly copper matrix in which are embedded particles of an alloy comprising iron, chromium and said additional metal, and removing said copper matrix.
3. Dendritic alloy iron and chromium.
4. Dendn'tic particles, said particles comprising iron, chromium, and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and molybdenum.
particles, said particles comprising References Cited the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Powder Metallur vol. 9; Selected Government Research Reports, page 54. Published in 1951 by H. M. Stationery Ofi'ice, London, England.
group consisting of nickel and
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF MAKING DENDRITIC METAL PARTICLES WHICH COMPRISES THE STEPS OF COMBINING COPPER, IRON, AND CHROMIUM IN A LIQUID STATE, COOLING SAID COMBINED METALS TO A SOLID STATE TO FORM A PREDOMINANTLY COPPER MATRIX IN WHICH ARE EMBEDDED PARTICLES OF AN IRON-CHROMIUM ALLOY, AND REMOVING SAID COPPER MATRIX.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2734817A true US2734817A (en) | 1956-02-14 |
Family
ID=3444286
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2734817D Expired - Lifetime US2734817A (en) | Metallic powders |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2734817A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2558086A1 (en) * | 1984-01-12 | 1985-07-19 | Olin Corp | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ACICULAR OR EQUIAXIAL IRON OR IRON ALLOY PARTICLES BY DISSOLUTION OF A METAL STRIP CONTAINING SUCH PARTICLES |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2241514A (en) * | 1938-08-03 | 1941-05-13 | Gold Und Silber Scheldeanstalt | Process for the recovery of beryllium metal |
| US2407862A (en) * | 1941-03-17 | 1946-09-17 | Wulff John | Method of producing metal powders of high alloy content |
| US2488926A (en) * | 1949-11-22 |
-
0
- US US2734817D patent/US2734817A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2488926A (en) * | 1949-11-22 | |||
| US2241514A (en) * | 1938-08-03 | 1941-05-13 | Gold Und Silber Scheldeanstalt | Process for the recovery of beryllium metal |
| US2407862A (en) * | 1941-03-17 | 1946-09-17 | Wulff John | Method of producing metal powders of high alloy content |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2558086A1 (en) * | 1984-01-12 | 1985-07-19 | Olin Corp | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ACICULAR OR EQUIAXIAL IRON OR IRON ALLOY PARTICLES BY DISSOLUTION OF A METAL STRIP CONTAINING SUCH PARTICLES |
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