US2731391A - Cloud point reduction of mineral - Google Patents
Cloud point reduction of mineral Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2731391A US2731391A US2731391DA US2731391A US 2731391 A US2731391 A US 2731391A US 2731391D A US2731391D A US 2731391DA US 2731391 A US2731391 A US 2731391A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- urea
- cloud point
- adsorbent
- white oil
- mineral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 128
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000001476 alcoholic Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 66
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 30
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-propanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000286 fullers earth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- YEYZNBKNDWPFSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;urea Chemical compound OC.NC(N)=O YEYZNBKNDWPFSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005500 petroleum industry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanol Chemical group CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000944 Soxhlet extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G73/00—Recovery or refining of mineral waxes, e.g. montan wax
- C10G73/02—Recovery of petroleum waxes from hydrocarbon oils; Dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G73/24—Recovery of petroleum waxes from hydrocarbon oils; Dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils by formation of adducts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/003—Specific sorbent material, not covered by C10G25/02 or C10G25/03
Definitions
- Mineral white oils derived from wax bearing petroleum oil fractions usually possess a relatively high cloud point, i. e., that temperature at which the higher melting wax fractions begin to crystallize in the mineral white oil forming a noticeable haze therein. These oils also possess a pour point, i. e., the temperature point at which the oil loses fluidity.
- Co-pending application Serial Number 185,691 shows the pour point and cloud point reduction of petroleum oil fractions.
- petroleum oil fractions are brought into intimate contact with urea at a temperature of about 60-l10 F., in the presence of a suitable activator.
- the urea takes up Waxy or parafiinic constituents of the petroleum oil fractions.
- This procedure may be carried out in batch or multiple stage treatments.
- One object of this invention is the reduction of the cloud and pour points of a mineral White oil containing less than 1% parafiin wax.
- the cloud and pour point of a mineral white oil is reduced by intimately contacting it with an adsorbent carrying dispersed therethrough urea and preferably in addition an activator.
- the cloud point reduction may be conducted either in batch treatment or by passing the white oil through the urea carrying adsorbent.
- the mineral white oil to be treated in accordance with the invention is a conventional petroleum oil fraction containing some wax and obtained in the well-known exhaustive fuming sulfuric acid refining of a petroleum oil distillate.
- the adsorbent useful for the invention may be any adsorbent, preferably of the activated type, conventionally known and used in the petroleum industry. Suitable adsorbents of this kind are, for instance, fullers earth, silica gel, activated bauxite and similar materials.
- the activator useful in the preferred application of the invention is preferably at least one lower alcohol not exceeding about 3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain. Satisfactory activators, for instance, are methanol, ethanol, propyl and isopropyl alcohol. Methanol, however, gives particularly good results, and it is the preferred activator material.
- the mesh sizes of the adsorbent should be those conventionally used for decolorization in the petroleum industry.
- the adsorbent is mixed with the urea preferably in the presence of the activator, the resulting urea carrying adsorbent is then brought into intimate contact with the white oil for cloud point reduction thereof.
- the adsorbent-urea composition may be formed by treating the adsorbent with a solution of urea prepared for instance by dissolving or slurrying the urea in the activator. The adsorbent composition is then dried until the activator concentration does not substantially exceed 4%. This composition is then brought into intimate contact with a mineral white oil either by mixing the material with the white oil, or passing the white oil through the composition.
- the urea adsorbent composition may also be made by grinding the urea to a fine powder and then mixing it with the adsorbent which has been wetted with the activator.
- EXAMPLE 1 Regular reburnt bauxite was screened from fines, activated by heating to 700 F. and after cooling immersed in an excess of a saturated solution of urea in methanol to form a slurry. After standing for an hour, the slurry was quickly freed from excess solution by filtering over a Buechner filter. Portions of the Wet filter residue were dried in a vacuum oven at 180 F. for ditferent lengths of time.
- a batch of naphthenic mineral white oil having the following characteristics: viscosity at F. 355 Saybolt Universal seconds, pour point -]0 R, cloud point +38 F., flash point 430 F., specific gravity .3850 was used, in this experiment. 250 cc.
- EXAMPLE 2 Various proportions of activated bauxite, obtained as in Example 1, of a mesh size conventionally used for decolorization, and urea-bauxite composition as shown in Table 11 below, were brought in intimate contact with various batches of the same oil used in Example 1. This contact was accomplished by percolating the mineral white oil through the bauxite-urea composition using quantities of 250 of oil to 40 cc. of the bauxite urea material. The ieduction in the cloud and pour point of the oil as shown against various percentages of the activated bauxite and the urea is shown in Table II below.
- urea-carrying adsorbent is obtained by mixing said adsorbent and at least 2.5% urea by weight of the total urea and adsorbent present in the presence of an activator, being at least one aliphatic alcohol having not over 3 carbon atoms. 7
- adsorbent is at least one member of the group consisting of fullers earth, silica gel, and bauxite.
- urea-carrying adsorbent is obtained by substantially dissolving urea in at least one aliphatic alcohol not having over 3 carbon atoms and mixing said adsorbent with said urea solution and removing said alcohol from said mixture until the alcoholic content thereof does not substantially exceed 4%.
- said urea-carrying adsorbent is obtained by grinding urea to a line powder and mixing the said powdered urea with the adsorbent which has been wetted with an aliphatic alcohol having not over 3 carbon atoms, said urea being present in at least 2.5% by weight or the Weight of the urea-carrying adsorbent.
Description
United States PatentO CLOUD POINT REDUCTION OF MINERAL WHITE OILS Leo Salzmann, Petrolia, Pa., assignor to L. Sonneborn Sons, Inc., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application September 19, 1950, Serial No. 185,693
Claims. (Cl. 196-17) This invention relates to new and useful improvements in the cloud point reduction of mineral White oils.
Mineral white oils derived from wax bearing petroleum oil fractions usually possess a relatively high cloud point, i. e., that temperature at which the higher melting wax fractions begin to crystallize in the mineral white oil forming a noticeable haze therein. These oils also possess a pour point, i. e., the temperature point at which the oil loses fluidity.
When the temperature of these oils drops to the cloud point, the oils become cloudy, and they will not become clear again until they are subjected to temperatures greatly in excess of the temperatures that they are normally subjected to. These mineral white oils are marketed as a water clear product, and any cloudiness that they might possess would interfere with their marketability. For this reason, it is highly desirable to lower the cloud point to a temperature that these oils, in their normal use and distribution, would not encounter. Since the pour points of these mineral white oils are usually relatively low, their reductions are in many cases relatively less important.
Co-pending application Serial Number 185,691, of even filing date herewith, shows the pour point and cloud point reduction of petroleum oil fractions. As there disclosed, petroleum oil fractions are brought into intimate contact with urea at a temperature of about 60-l10 F., in the presence of a suitable activator. The urea takes up Waxy or parafiinic constituents of the petroleum oil fractions. By this method, the pour point and the cloud point of the oil fraction are reduced. This procedure may be carried out in batch or multiple stage treatments.
When the method described in said copending application is used on a naphthenic mineral white oil, containing less than 1% paraffin wax, no appreciable reduction of the cloud or pour point is obtained.
One object of this invention is the reduction of the cloud and pour points of a mineral White oil containing less than 1% parafiin wax. These and other objectives will become clear from the following description.
In accordance with the invention, the cloud and pour point of a mineral white oil is reduced by intimately contacting it with an adsorbent carrying dispersed therethrough urea and preferably in addition an activator.
The cloud point reduction may be conducted either in batch treatment or by passing the white oil through the urea carrying adsorbent.
The mineral white oil to be treated in accordance with the invention is a conventional petroleum oil fraction containing some wax and obtained in the well-known exhaustive fuming sulfuric acid refining of a petroleum oil distillate.
The adsorbent useful for the invention may be any adsorbent, preferably of the activated type, conventionally known and used in the petroleum industry. Suitable adsorbents of this kind are, for instance, fullers earth, silica gel, activated bauxite and similar materials.
The activator useful in the preferred application of the invention is preferably at least one lower alcohol not exceeding about 3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain. Satisfactory activators, for instance, are methanol, ethanol, propyl and isopropyl alcohol. Methanol, however, gives particularly good results, and it is the preferred activator material.
It has been found that at least 2.5% urea by weight of the urea-carrying adsorbent should be present and preferably 5% to 15% urea by weight of the urea-carrying adsorbent be present in accordance with the invention.
The mesh sizes of the adsorbent should be those conventionally used for decolorization in the petroleum industry.
The adsorbent is mixed with the urea preferably in the presence of the activator, the resulting urea carrying adsorbent is then brought into intimate contact with the white oil for cloud point reduction thereof.
The adsorbent-urea composition may be formed by treating the adsorbent with a solution of urea prepared for instance by dissolving or slurrying the urea in the activator. The adsorbent composition is then dried until the activator concentration does not substantially exceed 4%. This composition is then brought into intimate contact with a mineral white oil either by mixing the material with the white oil, or passing the white oil through the composition.
The urea adsorbent composition may also be made by grinding the urea to a fine powder and then mixing it with the adsorbent which has been wetted with the activator.
While it has been found that the presence of at least one mol of the activator per 2 mols of the urea carried by the adsorbent is necessary to obtain the maximum cloud point reduction, partial cloud point reduction may be obtained without the presence of any activator.
Though the depression of cloud point is normally the primary consideration in the treatment in accordance with the invention, it has been found that the same is also effective to reduce the pour point of a mineral white oil.
EXAMPLE 1 Regular reburnt bauxite was screened from fines, activated by heating to 700 F. and after cooling immersed in an excess of a saturated solution of urea in methanol to form a slurry. After standing for an hour, the slurry was quickly freed from excess solution by filtering over a Buechner filter. Portions of the Wet filter residue were dried in a vacuum oven at 180 F. for ditferent lengths of time. A batch of naphthenic mineral white oil having the following characteristics: viscosity at F. 355 Saybolt Universal seconds, pour point -]0 R, cloud point +38 F., flash point 430 F., specific gravity .3850 was used, in this experiment. 250 cc. of this white oil was percolated over 40 cc. portions of each composition sam ple. The urea content of the bauxite urea methanol composition was determined by Soxhlet extraction of a 40 gram sample with methanol over a period of 6 hours and was found to be about 8.0%. The methanol content of the bauxite urea methanol combination was determined by drying l0-12gram portions in the vacuum at 180 F. overnight. The results are given in Table I. Table I shows also the cloud point of the filtrate of the white oil.
EXAMPLE 2 Various proportions of activated bauxite, obtained as in Example 1, of a mesh size conventionally used for decolorization, and urea-bauxite composition as shown in Table 11 below, were brought in intimate contact with various batches of the same oil used in Example 1. This contact was accomplished by percolating the mineral white oil through the bauxite-urea composition using quantities of 250 of oil to 40 cc. of the bauxite urea material. The ieduction in the cloud and pour point of the oil as shown against various percentages of the activated bauxite and the urea is shown in Table II below.
Table II FILTER MATERIAL P PIeIrccnt ercent rea- Reg. Bauxite 33? 585; Bauxite Composition EXAMPLE 3 Table III Wt. Per- 5, 5 Cloud cent Methanol Point dry Urea Added of Added (on clay) Filtrate none none +38 none +24 10 5 8 10 10 +12 2. 5 5 +22 The above examples were repeated, using in turn fullers earth and then silica gel in place of the bauxite. Comparable resultswere obtained.
The above examples are given by way of illustration only and are in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is limited by the appended claims or their equivalents.
I claim:
1. Method for the reduction of the normally relatively high cloud point of a mineral white oil, the cloud point of which is due to the less than 1% of Wax contained therein, which comprises intimately contacting such white oil with an adsorbent carrying dispersed therethrough urea,
. 4 at least a portion of which is in adsorbed condition resulting from alcoholic urea solution contact, and recovering mineral white oil of lower cloud point, said ureacarrying adsorbent being present in amount suflicient to lower said cloud point at least 15 F.
2. Method in accordance with claim 1 in which there is present at least 2.5% urea by Weight of the total ureacarrying adsorbent present.
3. Method in accordance with claim 1 in which said urea is present in amount from 5% to 15% by weight of the total urea-carrying adsorbent present.
4. Method in accordance with claim 1 in which said urea-carrying adsorbent is obtained by mixing said adsorbent and at least 2.5% urea by weight of the total urea and adsorbent present in the presence of an activator, being at least one aliphatic alcohol having not over 3 carbon atoms. 7
5. Method in accordance with claim 4 in which said adsorbent is at least one member of the group consisting of fullers earth, silica gel, and bauxite.
6. Method in accordance with claim 4 in which said adsorbent is activated bauxite.
7. Method in accordance with claim 1, in which said urea-carrying adsorbent is obtained by substantially dissolving urea in at least one aliphatic alcohol not having over 3 carbon atoms and mixing said adsorbent with said urea solution and removing said alcohol from said mixture until the alcoholic content thereof does not substantially exceed 4%.
8. Method in accordance with claim 1 in which said urea-carrying adsorbent is obtained by grinding urea to a line powder and mixing the said powdered urea with the adsorbent which has been wetted with an aliphatic alcohol having not over 3 carbon atoms, said urea being present in at least 2.5% by weight or the Weight of the urea-carrying adsorbent.
9. Method in accordance with claim 1 where said intimate contact is accomplished in the presence of an activator, said activator being at least one member of the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propyl and isopropyl alcohol, theamount of said activator being at least one mol per 2 mols of the said urea-carrying adsorbent,
' said urea being present in amount or" 2.5% by weight of References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,278,023 .Rosenbaum Sept. 3, 1918 1,509,325 Weir et al Sept. 23, 1924 2,381,293 La Lande Aug. 7, 1945 2,520,716 Fetterly Aug. 29, 1950 2,560,193 Shoemaker July 10, 1951 2,577,202 Lien et a1. Dec. 4, 1951 Gross Mar. 17, 1953 OTHER REFERENCES Technical Oil Mission Reel 143, translation by Shell Development Co., of German application 13 190,197 (Bengen), deposited in Library of Congress, May 22, 1946, included in Index released May 31, 1946 (5 pages, pages 2-6 inclusive only).
Industrial andEllgi ieering Chemistry, vol. 42, No. 7, July 1950, pages 1300-1305 (Zimmerschied et al.).
Claims (1)
1. METHOD FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE NORMALLY RELATIVELY HIGH CLOUD POINT OF A MINERAL WHITE OIL. THE CLOUD POINT OF WHICH IS DUE TO THE LESS THAN 1% OF WAX CONTAINED THEREIN, WHICH COMPRISES INTIMATELY CONTACTING SUCH WHITE OIL WITH AN ADSORBENT CARRYING DISPERSED THERETHROUGH UREA, AT LEAST A PORTION OF WHICH IS IN ADSORBED CONDITION RESULTING FROM ALCOHOLIC UREA SOLUTION CONTACT, AND RECOVERING MINERAL WHITE OIL OF LOWER CLOUD POINT, SAID UREACARRYING ADSORBENT BEING PRESENT IN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO LOWER SAID CLOUD POINT AT LEAST 15* C.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2731391A true US2731391A (en) | 1956-01-17 |
Family
ID=3441507
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2731391D Expired - Lifetime US2731391A (en) | Cloud point reduction of mineral |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2731391A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3152084A (en) * | 1964-10-06 | Formation of amids completing beds | ||
| US3945912A (en) * | 1973-06-30 | 1976-03-23 | Deutsche Texaco Aktiengesellschaft | Urea dewaxing of low n-paraffin content oils |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1278023A (en) * | 1917-12-13 | 1918-09-03 | Rudolph R Rosenbaum | Process for separating hydrocarbons. |
| US1509325A (en) * | 1920-06-21 | 1924-09-23 | James W Weir | Process for lowering the cold test of lubricating oils |
| US2381293A (en) * | 1942-03-28 | 1945-08-07 | Attapulgus Clay Company | Process for decolorizing hydrocarbon oil |
| US2520716A (en) * | 1950-08-29 | Method of separating organic com | ||
| US2560193A (en) * | 1947-12-27 | 1951-07-10 | Standard Oil Co | Dehazing hydrocarbon oils |
| US2577202A (en) * | 1949-09-30 | 1951-12-04 | Process for separating organic | |
| US2632002A (en) * | 1953-03-17 | Countercurkent sltjbb |
-
0
- US US2731391D patent/US2731391A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2520716A (en) * | 1950-08-29 | Method of separating organic com | ||
| US2632002A (en) * | 1953-03-17 | Countercurkent sltjbb | ||
| US1278023A (en) * | 1917-12-13 | 1918-09-03 | Rudolph R Rosenbaum | Process for separating hydrocarbons. |
| US1509325A (en) * | 1920-06-21 | 1924-09-23 | James W Weir | Process for lowering the cold test of lubricating oils |
| US2381293A (en) * | 1942-03-28 | 1945-08-07 | Attapulgus Clay Company | Process for decolorizing hydrocarbon oil |
| US2560193A (en) * | 1947-12-27 | 1951-07-10 | Standard Oil Co | Dehazing hydrocarbon oils |
| US2577202A (en) * | 1949-09-30 | 1951-12-04 | Process for separating organic |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3152084A (en) * | 1964-10-06 | Formation of amids completing beds | ||
| US3945912A (en) * | 1973-06-30 | 1976-03-23 | Deutsche Texaco Aktiengesellschaft | Urea dewaxing of low n-paraffin content oils |
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