US272034A - Telephone - Google Patents

Description

(NojModel.) Y l T. A. EDISON.

TELEPHONE.

No. 272,034. Patented Feb. 13,1883.

N. PETERS, Photoliihugmphvr. wilhnglml. D.C

. To all whom it may concern EErcE. i

PATENT THOMAS A. EDISON, OF MENLO PARK, NEW JERSEY.

TELEPHONE. t

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Iietters Patent No. 272,034, dated February 123, 1883,

Application lcd October 6, 1882. (No model.)

Be it known that I, THOMAS ALVA EDISON, of Menlo Park, in the State ot' New Jersey, have invented an Improvement-in Telephones, of which the following is a specification.

This application is a division of my application led November 18, 1878, No. 159, and said division is iliade for the purpose of separating from the said original application the different features of inventioninto three additional applications. The presentl term Gase N o. 159A."

In my application No.130, heretofore tiled, the circuit passes through plumba go or similar material, andthe diaphragm that is acted upon by the sound-waves serves to vary the electric tension by the extent of surface-contact. v

`In my case N o. 151, patented April 30, 1878, No. 203,016, I have shown an induction-coil with primary and secondary circuits and receiving and `transmitting telephones. A carbon'button in a circuit,` and acted upon by the diaphragm, is "shown in my said case 151, and alsa in case 141. These are not therefore claimed herein.

`1n my present improvement I make use of a surface or surfaces having numerous points produced by scores or fine lines across the surface, preferably about at right angles to each other, and this surface or surfaces areiin the electric circuit, and combined with the diaphragm, so that the movement given to the diaphragm by the sound-waves will produce 4grea ter or less intimacy of contact at the scored surface, and a consequent rise and fall of electric tension. I also combine with a button of carbon or equivalent material in one circuit an electromagnetic another circuit, the armature of which varies the pressure upon such carbon or other finely-divided material, and by this means repeats the telephonie pulsations. I

also construct the telephonic receiver in a peculiar manner to prevent injury by undue curren ts-such as from lightningf-and so that the diaphragms and cores will be polarized by induction and the line-current will act in two helices to vary the magnetism.

In the drawings, the diagram Figure 1 reprelsents the transmitting, receiving, and repeating instruments, thez :instruments at X being at one station, and the instruments at (5r being at the repeating-station. Fi g. 9 is a detached between the plate c and the second plate, ai,

the Wires 1Q and l2 of the circuit to the Abattery B connecting, so that the circuit passes through these plates and the intervening tension-regulator. The tension-regulating device is composed of two contiguous surfaces, one` or both of which is scored with numerous tine lines, so as to produce a great number oi' contact-points.A By adjusting thescrew 21 the initial pressure can be regulated, and the vbrations of the diaphragm, due to the action of sounds, will vary the pressure and the ex,- tent ofV surface-contact, so as to produce rise and fall of tension in the circuit, hy bringing more or less of the points on the surface or surfaces into contact. In Fig. 3 I have shown the surface scored as aforesaid, and it is to he understood that the scoring is tobe ot' the requisite lineness, preferably several thousand tothe inch.

In the instrument A, Fig. 1, the tensioniregnlator is composed of a strip of platina scored by lilies of ruling at right angles, and `folded with a piece of telt,"rubber,'or similar material Within the fold, and the scored surfaces in `contact with the plates a and c, respectively.

Several layers of foil, ruled as aforesaid, may be placed together, if desired, to obtain great resistance and variation in the electrictension ofthe circuit. The foil, ruled as aforesaid, is believed to operate in the circuit in a similar manner to acarbon button. Between the diaphragm c and plate a there is a short section of a tube, 6, to form a central bearing.

The inductorinm I has its primary included in the circuitto the battery B and tension-regulator, and its secondary to theline and ground.

The receiving-telephone R is placed in the line-circuit passing thron gh the secondary of the inductorium, so that it is always in posiroo tion to receive a message sent over the line without the change ot any switches or connections.

At the receiving-instrument R there is a permanent magnet, H, and upon one pole there is a bar, 23, forming at its ends the cores for the helices 3 and 4, that are in the line-circuit,i

A' bers or cases holding the diaphragms d d', so

that the sound is conveyed to the ears.

This apparatus is not liable to become demagnetized, because any current which passes through thehelices 3 and 4 act-s to increase the induced magnetism at one end of the bar 23 in proportion as it tends to decrease the induced magnetism in the other end. Thus there will be no tendency to injure the permanent magnet H; but the telephonie current will cause the diaphragms to respond by the change of magnetism in the corea adjacent to the diaphragms.

The repeatiiiginstrument at the station Gr contains an electro-magnet, B2, the helix of which is in the main-line circuit. Its core is adjacent to an iron plate or armature, and the variation ot' the magnetism resulting from rise and fall of electric tension in the main line increases and decreases the pressure upon a but ton of carbon, g, or similar' material forming the tension-regulator in a second electric circuit. I have shown the local circuit from the battery B as passing to the platcj'at one side ofthe circuit regulator g, and to the adjusting device ot' the plate h at the other side of the carbon or similar material, and in this local circuit is the primary of the inductorium I2,

the secondary of which is in the line P to the 'distant receiving-instrument.

I prefer to connect the core of the electromagnet B2 to one pole of the permanent magnet A', so that it may be polarized by induction, and hence the line-circuit will increase or decrease the magnetism of the core ot' B2. The armature-plate ofthe magnet B2 is shown upon a lever, c, having a fulcru m at o, and the spring at d2, which should be adjustable, serves to apply an initial pressure to. the tension -regulator g, and I prefer to use a short cylinder, 6, between the armature-plate and the diskfto insure a central bearing on the tension-regulator. When an electric wave from the distant station varies the power ofthe magnet B2,the pressure upon the tension-regulator g is decreased or increased, and the primary current from B acts iu' the inductorium to translate or reproduceon the second line, P, currents corresponding or proportionate to thos'e sent from the instrument A.

The instrument shown in Fie. 2 is' a very delicate translator, acting similarly to that in Fig. 1. The electro-magnet B2 has a helix in the line-circuit, as before, and A is its polarized core. U3 is a diaphragm, and Sis a lever, the short end not which is attracted by an adjustable magnet, H. Between the lever S and diaphragm U3 there are the pieces 14 and 15 of carbon or other finely-divided material, that act as a tension-regulator for the translating or repeating circuit that passes through the lever S and diaphragm C3. Hence the rise and fall ot' electric tension in the repearingfcircuit willresult from the vibrations ofthe diaphragm, producing more or less pressure and intimacy ot' contact in the tension -regulator at 14 15, the initial pressure being determined by the proximity ofthe magnet H to the lever S.

It will be observed that in my'telephoneinstrnments I provide an electric tension regnlator having au extended surface, in contradistinction to a point or small bearing, such as shown in my application No. 141, and instead of the electric tension-regulator coming directly into contact with the diaphragm, as

lin my application No. 130, I combine with the electric tension-regulating device an intermediate bearing, having a small contact with the diaphragm and the required extent of surface against the tension-regulator. This bearing is non-elastic, to transfer more positively t0 the tension-regulator the iremulous movements ofthe diaphragm as distinguished from the yielding materialsuch as cork or rubber as shown in my Patent No. 203,016. If the current passes through this non-elastic bearing-piece, as at A, the same is to be of' metal or other good conductor.

Certain ofthe devices shown herein are not claimed, as they form the subject of other applications.

I claim as my invention- In a telephonie receivinginstrument, two helices, 3 and4, and the core 23, .that is magnetized by induction, in combination with a permanentmagnet,H,andtwodiaphragmsthat are connected to the magnet H, so as to vbe magnetized hy induction, substantially as set 'Olth.

Signed by me this 30th day of March, A. D.

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