US2688120A - Antitransmit-receive switch - Google Patents
Antitransmit-receive switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2688120A US2688120A US604016A US60401645A US2688120A US 2688120 A US2688120 A US 2688120A US 604016 A US604016 A US 604016A US 60401645 A US60401645 A US 60401645A US 2688120 A US2688120 A US 2688120A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wave guide
- mount
- antitransmit
- wall
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/02—Details
- H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
Definitions
- This invention relates to radio systems and more particularly to ultra high frequency systems involving wave guides.
- radar or radio locating equipment inoperation at the ultra high frequencies may use a common radiating and receiving antenna.
- the transmitted signal must use a channel which, in part, is common to a part of the received signal channel.
- transmit-receive or T-R devices are inserted in the receiver channel near the point of juncture of the two channels.
- antitransmit-receive or ATR devices are inserted in the transmitter channel near the point of juncture of the two channels.
- One type of T-R and ATR device which is used with Wave guides consists of a section of wave guide inserted in a series junction with the transmitter or receiver channel. As is well understood in the art, however, unless perfect contact is made between the T-R or ATR device and the wave guide, undesirable arcing will occur.
- Fig. l is a sectional view of the invention showing two ATR tubes mounted.
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
- a mount ll connected to a wave guide it and mounting ATR.
- the tubes l3 and M are essentially a section of wave guide I5 terminated at one end by a mounting flange H5 and at the other end by an iris 2
- the tubes l3 and M are filled with an inert gas and sealed off by the plugs 23.
- the wave guide section I5 is effectively terminated by a plate 24 in which one or more openings such as opening 25 allow the gas to circulate freely. Screws 2% or other means are used to secure the tubes i3 and it to the mount II.
- the distance from the inside of the wave guide wall to the edge of the flange 56 is denoted by D.
- Fig. 2 there is shown a detailed view of one mount taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
- is the narrow wall of the wave guide l2 and the section 32 is a portion of the mount H.
- allows the tube l3 or it to be inserted to sufiicient depth in the mount it so that the iris 2i and seal 22 are flush with the broad wall of the wave guide iii.
- a recess 34 in the mount it prevents contact between the tube 53 or M and the mount H.
- this device including an ATR tube it is desired to have a minimum of reflection of energy back toward the source from the device during high level transmission and to have a maximum of reflection of energy back toward the source from the device during low level reception.
- the high level transmitted signal indicated by arrow 36 will cause the tubes it and M to are over across the opening of the iris 2!.
- the impedance of this are is very small, and since this are is effectively in series with the wave guide i2 the effect is as desired.
- the distance D is made equal to an integral number of half wavelengths, the short circuit which exists between the wall of the mount H and the flange it will be transformed into a short circuit at the wall of the wave guide 12.
- This mount may be used to cover another range of frequencies than that for which originally designed if the length D of the choke is altered. This may be achieved without altering the mount H by milling a recess in the flange of the tubes as indicated on tube It at 35 in Fig. 1. However, note that the two tubes are identical in any given instance and the milled recess is made in both or neither accordingly.
- TR and ATR switches transmit-receive switch and antitransmit receive switch, commonly referred to as TR and ATR switches, are used in the specification and claim with the following conventional means.
- a TR switch is an electronic switch which prevents the transmitted pulses from excessively overloading the radar receiver, but allows the received energy, which is much weaker, to reach the receiver without appreciable loss. It is placed in the Wave guide or transmission line adjacent the receiver and be tween the receiver and the antenna, which is used for both transmission and reception.
- the ATR switch is an electronic switch placed in the wave .guide or line adjacent the transmitter and between the transmitter and the antenna, and serves to effectively disconnect the transmitter 'from'the antenna during reception to prevent loss of the receivedsignal in the transmitter.
- a radar system comprising a pulse transmitter and an antenna interconnected with a tubular wave guide having an opening in one wall thereof, an antitransmit-receive switch having a gas filled rectangular resonant cavity with an electrical gap included in said opening, a metallic rectangular enclosure consisting of side mounting flanges and an end plate, said switch being mounted inside said enclosure on said end plate and extending to the openin in said wall of the wave guide with the switch spaced from the wall of the wave guide and entirely external to the wave guide, said metallic enclosure and said resonant cavity being closely juxtaposed for a distance substantially equal to one wave length at the operating frequency of the wave guide so as to for-in a wave guide choke across the space between said switch-and the wall of the wave guide, said switch being positioned in the wall of said wave guide whereby high level transmission producesionization of the gas in said resonant cavity and. consequent closure of the gap which effectively closes said openin in the wall of the wave guide.
Description
31, 1954 w. c. CALDWELL ANTITRANSMIT-RECEIVE SWITCH Filed July 9, 1945 W n a :i 4: Lx q.
INVENTOR. WALLACE G. CALDWELL ATTORNEY Patentecl Aug. 31, 1954 ANTITRANSMIT-RECEIVE SWITCH Wallace 0. Caldwell, Boston, Mass, assignor, by mesne assignments, to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of War Application July 9, 1945, Serial No. 604,016
1 Claim. 1
This invention relates to radio systems and more particularly to ultra high frequency systems involving wave guides.
In accordance with the present practice radar or radio locating equipment inoperation at the ultra high frequencies may use a common radiating and receiving antenna. In such instances the transmitted signal must use a channel which, in part, is common to a part of the received signal channel. To prevent damage to the receiver from the transmitted signals, transmit-receive or T-R devices are inserted in the receiver channel near the point of juncture of the two channels. To prevent loss of the received signal in the transmitter, antitransmit-receive or ATR devices are inserted in the transmitter channel near the point of juncture of the two channels. One type of T-R and ATR device which is used with Wave guides consists of a section of wave guide inserted in a series junction with the transmitter or receiver channel. As is well understood in the art, however, unless perfect contact is made between the T-R or ATR device and the wave guide, undesirable arcing will occur.
It has been found that if two ATR devices having the same resonant frequencies are used and placed approximately one-half wavelength apart a considerable increase in the band of frequencies over which the system will operate satisfactorily is achieved.
It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide an improved mount for a T-R or ATE tube in which arcing is minimized.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved mount which permits two or more ATR tubes to be mounted within a minimum of space.
For a better understanding of the invention, together with other and further objects thereof, reference is had to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. l is a sectional view of the invention showing two ATR tubes mounted; and
Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, there is shown in cross-section a mount ll connected to a wave guide it and mounting ATR. tubes [3 and I l. The tubes l3 and M are essentially a section of wave guide I5 terminated at one end by a mounting flange H5 and at the other end by an iris 2|, the opening of which is sealed with a substance 22 such as glass. The tubes l3 and M are filled with an inert gas and sealed off by the plugs 23. The wave guide section I5 is effectively terminated by a plate 24 in which one or more openings such as opening 25 allow the gas to circulate freely. Screws 2% or other means are used to secure the tubes i3 and it to the mount II. The distance from the inside of the wave guide wall to the edge of the flange 56 is denoted by D.
In Fig. 2 there is shown a detailed view of one mount taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. The section 3| is the narrow wall of the wave guide l2 and the section 32 is a portion of the mount H. A recess 33 cut in the wall 3| allows the tube l3 or it to be inserted to sufiicient depth in the mount it so that the iris 2i and seal 22 are flush with the broad wall of the wave guide iii. A recess 34 in the mount it prevents contact between the tube 53 or M and the mount H.
In the operation of this device including an ATR tube it is desired to have a minimum of reflection of energy back toward the source from the device during high level transmission and to have a maximum of reflection of energy back toward the source from the device during low level reception. The high level transmitted signal indicated by arrow 36 will cause the tubes it and M to are over across the opening of the iris 2!. The impedance of this are is very small, and since this are is effectively in series with the wave guide i2 the effect is as desired. In series with the are there exists an apparent open circuit between the walls of the mount II and tube 13 or M. If the distance D is made equal to an integral number of half wavelengths, the short circuit which exists between the wall of the mount H and the flange it will be transformed into a short circuit at the wall of the wave guide 12. It has been found that if D is equal to one-half wavelength, undesired characteristics are obtained as a function of frequency; however, these undesirable characteristics are not present if D is equal to one wavelength, and this length is, therefore, recommended. From the foregoing it is apparent that there has been obtained a minimum impedance in series with the wave guide, and the energy 36 will be transferred with a minimum of reflection. The action of the mount is the same for received signals, the only difference being that the tube does not arc over, and it, therefore, presents a high series impedance which causes a maximum of reflection. From Figs. 1 and 2 it will be seen that the ends of the tubes l3 and M are flush with the inner surface of the wave guide wall and therefore no physical discontinuities exist to cause undesirable reflections.
This mount may be used to cover another range of frequencies than that for which originally designed if the length D of the choke is altered. This may be achieved without altering the mount H by milling a recess in the flange of the tubes as indicated on tube It at 35 in Fig. 1. However, note that the two tubes are identical in any given instance and the milled recess is made in both or neither accordingly.
The terms transmit-receive switch and antitransmit receive switch, commonly referred to as TR and ATR switches, are used in the specification and claim with the following conventional means. A TR switch is an electronic switch which prevents the transmitted pulses from excessively overloading the radar receiver, but allows the received energy, which is much weaker, to reach the receiver without appreciable loss. It is placed in the Wave guide or transmission line adjacent the receiver and be tween the receiver and the antenna, which is used for both transmission and reception. The ATR switch is an electronic switch placed in the wave .guide or line adjacent the transmitter and between the transmitter and the antenna, and serves to effectively disconnect the transmitter 'from'the antenna during reception to prevent loss of the receivedsignal in the transmitter.
While there has been described what is at present considered the preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention.
What is claimed is:
In a radar system comprising a pulse transmitter and an antenna interconnected with a tubular wave guide having an opening in one wall thereof, an antitransmit-receive switch having a gas filled rectangular resonant cavity with an electrical gap included in said opening, a metallic rectangular enclosure consisting of side mounting flanges and an end plate, said switch being mounted inside said enclosure on said end plate and extending to the openin in said wall of the wave guide with the switch spaced from the wall of the wave guide and entirely external to the wave guide, said metallic enclosure and said resonant cavity being closely juxtaposed for a distance substantially equal to one wave length at the operating frequency of the wave guide so as to for-in a wave guide choke across the space between said switch-and the wall of the wave guide, said switch being positioned in the wall of said wave guide whereby high level transmission producesionization of the gas in said resonant cavity and. consequent closure of the gap which effectively closes said openin in the wall of the wave guide.
References Cited in the .file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,190,668 Llewellyn Feb. 20, 1940 2,396,044 Fox Mar. 4, 1946 2,404,086 'O'kress July 16, 1946 2,408,055 Fiske Sept. 24, 1946 2,412,892 Ki'asil; Dec. 17, I946 2,415,962 Okress Feb. 18, 1947 2,442,118 Donal May 25, 1948 2,466,136 Tuller Apr. 5, 1949
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US604016A US2688120A (en) | 1945-07-09 | 1945-07-09 | Antitransmit-receive switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US604016A US2688120A (en) | 1945-07-09 | 1945-07-09 | Antitransmit-receive switch |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2688120A true US2688120A (en) | 1954-08-31 |
Family
ID=24417831
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US604016A Expired - Lifetime US2688120A (en) | 1945-07-09 | 1945-07-09 | Antitransmit-receive switch |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2688120A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2890419A (en) * | 1955-03-30 | 1959-06-09 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Switch tube device for waveguides |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2190663A (en) * | 1938-08-23 | 1940-02-20 | Wildman Mfg Co | Spring beard knitting needle |
US2396044A (en) * | 1941-12-10 | 1946-03-05 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Switching device |
US2404086A (en) * | 1942-10-07 | 1946-07-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Coupling device |
US2408055A (en) * | 1944-07-17 | 1946-09-24 | Gen Electric | Ultra high frequency coupling device and system |
US2412892A (en) * | 1944-01-14 | 1946-12-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Ultra high frequency control system |
US2415962A (en) * | 1942-10-16 | 1947-02-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Automatic switch for ultra high frequency |
US2442118A (en) * | 1943-07-29 | 1948-05-25 | Rca Corp | Coupling device for high-frequency apparatus |
US2466136A (en) * | 1943-11-16 | 1949-04-05 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Electrical protective device |
-
1945
- 1945-07-09 US US604016A patent/US2688120A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2190663A (en) * | 1938-08-23 | 1940-02-20 | Wildman Mfg Co | Spring beard knitting needle |
US2396044A (en) * | 1941-12-10 | 1946-03-05 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Switching device |
US2404086A (en) * | 1942-10-07 | 1946-07-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Coupling device |
US2415962A (en) * | 1942-10-16 | 1947-02-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Automatic switch for ultra high frequency |
US2442118A (en) * | 1943-07-29 | 1948-05-25 | Rca Corp | Coupling device for high-frequency apparatus |
US2466136A (en) * | 1943-11-16 | 1949-04-05 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Electrical protective device |
US2412892A (en) * | 1944-01-14 | 1946-12-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Ultra high frequency control system |
US2408055A (en) * | 1944-07-17 | 1946-09-24 | Gen Electric | Ultra high frequency coupling device and system |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2890419A (en) * | 1955-03-30 | 1959-06-09 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Switch tube device for waveguides |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2422190A (en) | Ultra high frequency coupling device and system | |
US2454761A (en) | Ultra high frequency device | |
US2735092A (en) | Guide space | |
US2825060A (en) | Dual-polarization antenna | |
US2408055A (en) | Ultra high frequency coupling device and system | |
US2901709A (en) | Wave coupling arrangement | |
US2408032A (en) | Coupling arrangement | |
US2412446A (en) | Ultra high frequency system | |
US2577118A (en) | Wave guide filter | |
US2549131A (en) | Radar equipment testing system | |
US2816271A (en) | Microwave mode converter | |
US2540148A (en) | Ultra high frequency powerselective protective device | |
US2688120A (en) | Antitransmit-receive switch | |
US2693583A (en) | Electronic cutoff switch | |
US2531122A (en) | Frequency responsive protective arrangement for ultra high frequency systems | |
US2742640A (en) | Aerial systems | |
US2519795A (en) | High-frequency electrical breakdown apparatus | |
US2582205A (en) | Compound protective device for radio detection system | |
US2860244A (en) | Suppression of arcing in wave guides | |
US2432100A (en) | Two-way signal transmission system | |
US2530979A (en) | Radio frequency control system | |
US2813999A (en) | High power r.-f. switch tube | |
US2567825A (en) | Wave guide mixer | |
US2435804A (en) | Cavity resonator magnetron device | |
US2710932A (en) | Broad-band transmit-receive tube for duplexers |