US268720A - oevis - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) w a Sheets-Sheet 1 '0. D. ORVIS. STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES.

Patented Dec. 5, 1882.

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INVENTOR:

WITNESSES:

By 121'; Atzo'rn eys, 5mm a a/am w W. PETERS. PlmlrLRhugrapher, Washingmn, 11C.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 O. D. ORVIS.

- STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES. No. 268,720.

Patented Dec. 5,1882.

Fig. 4;-

INVENTOR:

By his Attorneys,

59mm 3 /L04QA/\ 1 N PETERS, Plmiolllhognphur, Wnlhinglon. D. C.

(No Model.) a Sheets-Sheet 3.

0. D. ORVIS. STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES.

No. 268,720. Patented Do. 5. 1882.

WiTNESSES: INVENTORJ Wm @rul (Drum, @11 By his flttarneys,

N. PETERS Phowhmagnphnr. washir lon, ma

UNITED STATES PATENT Enron.

. oEEL D. ORVIS, on NEW. YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 268,720, dated December 5, 1882. Application filed August 31, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OREL D. Davis, a citizen of the United States, and residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Boiler and other Furnaces, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to furnaces in which are arranged a series of pipes opening into the fire-chamber above the burning fuel, through which pipes are introduced with considerable force combined jets of steam and air, designed to commingle with the heated gases arising from the fire-bed and supply the requisite oxygen and hydrogen for consuming said gases and promoting perfect combustion.

ln efforts to promote perfect combustion practical experiment has demonstrated that the injection of jets of combined steam and air in close proximity to and in a horizontal plane over the burning fuel in a furnace produces the best effects; but usually the air-current supplied is at a normal temperature as it comes in contact with the steam before the two are combined and injected into the furnace, and the result is that the temperature of the steam is somewhat reduced. Hence the combinedjet of steam and air when entering the furnace is not at as high a temperature as it should be to effectually com mingle with and ignite the gases. This reduction in temperature of the jet correspondingly reduces the temperature of the gases, or rising products of combustion, as they are more properly termed, which should not be the case, at least to any marked degree, for such gases will only ignite when at a very high temperature-in fact, so high that they are chilled below it before coming in contact with the crown-sheets of a boiler, where they form a stratum, seriously obstructing the effectiveness of the burning fuel. Experiment has also demonstrated that it is not only necessary to have the proper proportion of steam and air composing the jets, but that the volume of the 5 jets should be increased or diminished proportionately to the area and intensity of heat of the firebed-as, for instance, when firing up, and fresh fuel is added to an incandescent bed of coals, the combustion of the fresh fuel is much more rapid than that of the incandescent bed. Hence the volume of the jet should be increased correspondingly to efficiently consume the rapidly rising products of combustion,

while on the other hand such a volume from the jets on the incandescent bed would be unnecessary and consequently a waste of steam. It is not only desirable in steam-boiler furnaces to prevent smoke and the escape of noxious gases by consuming the waste products of combustion, but to generate the greatest volume of steam with .the least amount of fuel. Hence economizing the steam employed to promote combustion is a desirable end to attain.

The objects of my invention are therefore to provide means for regulating and more nearly supplying the requisite proportions and volume of steam and air to a furnace to heat the air before its contact with the steam; to effectually and thoroughly commingle the steam and air of the jet with and ignite the rising and otherwise waste products of combustion from the fire-bed, and thereby attain a combustion so nearly perfect as to effectually prevent the formation of smoke and the escape from the furnace of gases deleterious to health and comfort of the persons in the vicinity of the furnace; to produce a maximum amount of steam with a minimumiamount of fuel; and, finally, to not only economically heat the air before contact with the steam-jet, but at the same time to obviatethe noise usually attending the rushing of the air to the furnace. l attain these objects by devices illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure lis avertical section, cutin theplane of the line 1 1 in Fig. 2, of a vacuum-chamber forming a part of my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same, cut on the line 2 2 in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section, taken on the line 3 3 in Fig. 4, of a stationary boiler and furnace of the ordinary construction and embodying my invention. Fig. 4 is ahorizontal section of the same, cut on the line 4 4 therein. ofa Lancashire boiler and furnace embodying my invention, and Fig. 6 a vertical longitudi nal section of a locomotive-boiler embodying my invention.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, A represents a rectangular box, forming a vacuum-chamber, provided with a hinged lid or cover, a, for convenient access to the same, and with an inverted-T-shaped chamber, d, one opening of which is upon the top of the vacuum-chamber and the other, two upon the outer and inner sides of the front ends of the vacuum-chamber,

Fig. 5 is a front elevation the inner openings having projecting enlargements or shoulders, into which are screwed steam-jet nipples B B, which project in a horizontal plane beyond the center of the boxand in a line coinciding with the center of the discharge-nozzles or inlet-pipesD D. The outer side openings of the chambers 61 are closed by screw-threaded plugs c, and the vertical openings connecting the two jet-nipples B B are tapped by a steam-pipe, 0, having a regulating-cock, and entering the upper portion of the boiler or the dome, so as to take off only dry steam, which is best adapted for the purposes for which it is especially employed. The particular form of the chambers 66 provides for conveniently casting them with the vacuum-chamber, and for securing the steampipe jets and plugs so as to be removed at any time for repairs, or for removing any foreign substances which may accumulate in the chambers d or the jets.

Inlet-pipes D D are embedded in a horizontal plane in the front Wall, E, of the furnace and well toward the sides of the same, but project on each side of the wall to provide for the attachment of the vacuum-chamber, into which they enter, and are held by set-screws e 0, (see Fig-2,) the pipes D projecting on the inner side of the wall in a line parallel with the sides of the furnace, and the pipes D converging toward each other, so that their jets will intersect at the point so at the center of widthofbutslightly beyondthe centeroflength of grate-bars f. (See Fig. 4.) In this connection it may be added that one or more vacuumchambers may be arranged intermediate the two shown 'near the sides of the furnace, and provided with diverging inlet-pipe's--as, forinstance, a vacuum-chamber arranged between the furnace-doors shown in Fig. 4 to throw jets, as indicated in dotted lines-and I do not therefore limit myself to any particular number, although it is essential for practical purposes that at least two should be employed toward the respective sides of the furnace. This arrangement of a Vacuum-chamber with diverging jets intermediate between the chambers at the sides the better assures the admixture of the gases arising from'the fire-bed near its front and center with the combined steam and air of the jets.

By having the straight inlet-pipe D next the sides of the furnace I am enabled to supply the rising products of combustion along the sides of the furnace with the necessary oxygen and hydrogen to cause them to ignite, which gases would otherwise ascend to the space existing between the sides of the boiler and the furnace, where, becoming chilled, would escape from the furnace in the form of smoke and gases, while the converging pipes serve to supply a double amount of steam and air over thecentral and hottest portion of the furnace, and especially at the point 00,;where combustion is more rapid and the products at a higher temperature than at any other point.

It will be observed by referring to that the inlet-pipes are arranged in a plane on about the top of the bridge-wall g, and while this arrangement is preferable for the reason that the rising products escaping over the top of the bridge-wall are the hottest of the escaping products, hence more readily ignited by the jets, I do not limit my invention to this exact arrangement of the inlet-pipes,for they may be arranged below the top of the bridgewall, though preferably above, for the reason stated, and for the further reason that the draft of the furnace is augmented. As before intimated, the best effects are attained by the arrangement of the inletpipes in a plane above and in close proximity to the burning fuel upon the grate-bars; but this, with the other effects just mentioned, may be produced by having the bridge-wall extending above the grate-bars a height corresponding with the contemplated depth of fuel to be employed.

By having a common vacuum-chamber for the two inlet-pipes D D a corresponding saving in material and number of vacuum-chambers is attained,and, furthermore, less space on the front of the furnace for a given number of inlet-pipes is required for the vacuum-chamber.

Tapped in to the bottom of the vacuum-chamber, and directly under the respective jets B B, are air-supply pipes E, which, passing vertically down the front of the furnace, enter the ash-pit I of the same under the grate-bars and project toward the bridge-wall, in front of which they open. These inlet-pipes,in entering the ash-pit, project respectively into a casing or pipes, J, closed at theirinner ends and opening upon the outside of the front of the furnace, said casings formin g ducts through which the air is first passed and heated before entering the air-inlets, the heated air in its passage,- and also the radiation of heat from the casing, in turn heating the inlet-pipe, thereby raising the air to a very high temperature before contact with the steam-jet to which the air is drawn, owing to the vacuum created in the vacuum-chamber by the steam rushing from the jets to the inlet-pipes. It will be observed that the pipe J is made but very little larger than is necessary to permit the air-pipes E to pass freely into it. The object of this is to reduce the cross-sectional area of the passage around the inner pipes, so that the volume of air may be brought more thoroughly and completely into contact with the exterior pipe. In this connection itmay be noted that by having the jets extending over the air-supply pipes toward the rear of the vacuumchamber that portion of the chamber toward the butts of the jets is made to contain a vacuum in excess of what there would be if shorter nipples were employed, and as a result a greater volume of air under a stronger pressure is forced in to the furnace with a given amount of steam.

So far as heating the air in the air-supply pipe is concerned, the same result may be ob- Fig. 3 l tained by bending the pipe upon itself and re- I of heat in the turning the end toward'the front of the furnace; but by employing the casing several highly important results are obtaiuedname- 1y, that of protecting the inlet-pipe from the destructive influences of the heat, of rendering it less liable to become clogged with foreign substances, and principally that of dead-y ening the noise caused by the air rushing into the inlet-pipe, for, as. will be seen, the air must first reach the rear portion of the ashpit or closed end of the casing before becoming subject to this objection. Hence the noise created is deadened inside-of thefuruace, and thereby affords little or no annoyance to the attendant.

The casing J may project into or through the bridge-wall, if desired, and instead of being suspended in the ash-pit may be embedded in the walls of the furnace, or in divisionwalls dividing the ash-pit and supporting two or more sets of grate-bars arranged side by side, as frequently happens in the larger class of furnaces, or in any other convenient manner to efi'ectually heat the air before entering the air-supply pipe; but ordinarily the degree ash-pit is suflicient for this purposeif the casing is suspended sufficientlyclose to the grate-bars. By heating the air before contact with the steam'the jet in the furnace is at a higher degree of heat than if the air were taken at its normal temperature. Hence the jet more readily commingles with and igbites the rising products than if at a lower temperature. Consequently there is no perceptible escape of gases or smoke from the furnace.

My invention is particularly adapted to furnaces in which anthracite or hard coal is em ployed, for while there is little or no smoke the volume of gases is very great, and I am not only enabled to consume these gases, but to effectually provide a draft successfully operating, which would not be the case if the air injected were not at the normal temperature, and even though partially heated by the jet of steam.

In Fig. 5 is illustrated the adaptation of my invention to a Lancashire boiler, showing double jets upon each side of the two furnacedoors.

I have also shown in Fig. 6 the adaptation of my invention to a locomotive fire-box, but desire to have it understood that it is equally applicable to any furnace, whether or not a boiler is used, though in the latter case a steam-generator should be employed and connected with the jet in the furnace.

Having thus described my invention, 'what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Thecombination,with theinlet-pipesDD, the airsupply pipes, and the intermediate vacuum-chamber connecting said pipes, of a casing or pipe projecting into the ash-pit and forming an air-chamber into which the inletpipe projects, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with'a furnace, of a vac uum-chainber, two steam-jets projecting into the same, and two inlet-pipes opening into and at difierent angles to the furnace, and two or more air-supply pipes, all arranged and operated substantially as described.

3. As a means for heating theair to be sup terior and exterior pipes may be the better" heated, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with a furnace, of ajet apparatus comprising a vacuum box or chamber provided with a steam-inlet and nipple, a

discharge-nozzle arranged opposite the nipple and opening into the furnace, an air-supply pipe, and a receiviugcham her or pipe arranged below the furnace-grate and receiving the airsupply pipe, said receiving-pipe having its inner end closed and its outer open end projecting through the furnace-wall, whereby the induced current of air is heated, all combined and arranged substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with a furnace, of the two jet apparatus, each comprising two steamjets, two air-pipes, and two discharge-nozzles opening into the furnace, and said jet apparatus arranged at the sides of the furnace in front, with two of their discharge-nozzles arranged so as to cause the jets to intersect about at the point 00, and two directed back, as shown, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. The combination, witha furnace, oftwojet apparatus, each comprising two steam-jets, two air-pipes, and two discharge-nozzles opening into the furnace, said jet apparatus being arranged at the sides of the furnace in front, with two of their discharge-nozzles arranged so as to cause the jets to intersect-about at the point x, and two directed back, as shown, and an intermediate jet apparatus comprising also two steam-jets, two air-pipes, and two discharge-nozzles, the latter arranged so as to cause the jets to diverge and cross the convergingjets from the other jet apparatus, substantially as shown and specified.

7. The box A, provided with a hinged cover, with nipples b b, with screw-plugs 0 c, with apertures to receive the ends of the nozzles D, fixed in the furnace-front, and with set-screws e to secure said box to the said nozzles, all constructed and arranged substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. OREL D. ORVIS.

Witnesses:

E. D. GRANT, W. B. HALSEY.

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