US2662055A

US2662055A - Oil compositions

Info

Publication number: US2662055A
Application number: US112399A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles C Towne
Original assignee: Texaco Inc
Current assignee: Texaco Inc
Priority date: 1949-08-25
Filing date: 1949-08-25
Publication date: 1953-12-08
Anticipated expiration: 1970-12-08

Description

as. at

penis-Wu Patented Dec. 8, 1953 Charles G. Towns, Beacon; N. Y.,;assig*nor to The 'l'ezxas' Company; New York, N. Y.. a; corporation of Delaware Nb Drawing. Apfilicatiofl August 25,1949, Serial No. 112,399

This invention relates to improvements in bydrocarbon oil compositions, and more particularly to the inhibition of foam and gas entrain-'- ment in such compositions" as are designed for use in special purpose oils such as are prepared for use in automatic transmission mechanisms and some types of diesel engines.

While organo-silicon oxide condensation products, including both silicones and silicates; have been'indica-ted as foam inhibitors in lubricating oils, see Patent Nos. 2,416,563; and 2 ,416,504 to Trautmanet al. issued February 25; 947, they have not proven generally satisfactory incertain applications, particularly where air or gas entrainment is a problem. Air or gas entrainment is to-be distinguished fromso-called foam. Foam is the frothy oil and gas mixture formed on the surface of oil. It is readily distinguishable from the oil proper, the separation taking place at an oil-foam interface. Air or gas entrainment is not readilydeterminable and involves an actual increase in the voiume of the-oil because of the air or other gas entrained therein. Tests have proven that the-remay be gas entrainment in the absence of foam;

In the past, theefiiciencies of such condensertion products have been determined by their-antiioam function. Relatively simpl-tes'ts'have been used such as that wherein the oil to be tested is placed in a graduate and air, in the-forn'i of fine bubbles, is passed upwardly through the column of oil at a opredetermined rate; The time given to form a given amount of foam may be motor? or the amount of foam formed in a given may be noted. Such a. test is disclosed the above-mentioned patents.

This test is apparently satisfactory for determining the foaming characteristics of certain types of oils for certain purposes but is not generally determinative of foaming for all types of oils and is not determinative of gas entrair'a merit.

For example, in the development of a special purpose oil for use hydraulic transmission mechanisms for automative vehicles such asthe General Motors Hydramatic; and Byriaflo'w transmissions and other transmissions of tnejauto motive type, the oil aftertreatment with the usual liquid dimethyl siiicon'e polymer or 100 oentistokes at a temperature of 25 CL, was sat- 0 isfactory as regards foaming when tested by the CRC test, the latter being a test incorporating the principle of the test disclosed: the abovementioned patents but more extensive as" regards temperatures as emfilaincd hereinafter.- 'How'eyer;

gine, the oil foamed badly and was unsatisfactory.

, In both the above cases. gas entrainment as distinguished. from foaming was apparently resout to a large degree and appeared to be a material factor. Such gaser'rtrainn'ie'nt reduces the apparent specific gravity of the oil apparently in a somewhat spotty manner so that the resultant mixture is not uniform but is characterized by random gas pockets. The transmission mechanism or the pump handling the oil becomes noisy and tends to vibrate. This is due, it is believed,

to the" different" resistances of the oil and: the oilgasmixture or possible gas pockets alone to the mechanical mechanism. oil with i'ittie or no gas entrainment wilt ofier substantially uniform resistance to the mechanical mechanismsb'ut an oil containing aconsiderable amount of gas dispersedat random oriri pockets will vary widely in resistance. Hence. the force opposing the pump or other mechanism willvary widely and give rise to the characteristic noise and vibration.. Without such gas entrainment the oitis substantially homogeneous and exerts a uniform force against the' moving elements at the meohanisn'r.

The present invention has its principal object the solution of the foam and gas entraini-ne'nfi problems in such special applications of hydrocarbon oils and the inhibition of foam and gas entrainment" in" the more general applicatiOIlS iff'a; more eflici'ent manner;

Another object" of the" invention is to provide hydrocarbonoil compositions for bothgeneral and: special pur oses wherein the characteristics thereof, especially foaming and gas entrain ment, aregreatly improved.

A further object of the invention is the provision of novel hydrocarbon oils characterized by their operationm oi-l-handling mechanisms a substantially quiet and vibration-free mamner.

Still another obie'ctof the: invention is the provision of a method for treating hydrocarbon oil compositions whereby undesirable gas entrainment in operation is inhibited.

Briefly stated, the present invention is based on the discovery that organo-silicon oxide condensation products of relatively high viscosities are effective in inhibiting foam and gas entrainment in hydrocarbon oils wherein like materials of relatively low viscosities are of little or no effect and are generally less efficient than the higher viscosity materials. More specifically, the invention relates to special purpose hydrocarbon oil compositions having improved foam and gas entrainment characteristics, improvement being secured by the use of organo-silicon oxide condensation products of relatively high viscosities. Such special purpose oils include hydraulic transmission oils and special oils for lubrication of diesel engines.

The organo-silicon oxide condensation products or condensation products of silanols or organo-silicols referred to herein are intended to include both silicones and silicates, preferably normally liquid, of the following general compositions:

R n R[SiO]S iR (silicone) ts .tR

wherein R represents similar or dissimilar organic radicals such as alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl and heterocyclic groups; the terminal Rs and ORs or other He and ORs may be substituted by hydroxyl groups; and n is one or more. Such compounds and their methods of preparation to form compounds of different viscosities are well known to the art. Where R in the foregoing formula is an aromatic hydrocarbon grouping, intra-substituents such as a halogen, a nitrogencontaining radical as N03 or NHz, a sulfurcontaining radical such as SOsH or SH, or a phosphorus-containing radical such as phosphite, phosphate or the thio derivatives thereof may occur.

Typical compounds include dimethyl silicone, methyl phenyl silicone, ethyl butyl silicone, methyl cyclohexyl silicone, dicyclohexyl silicone, diphenyl silicone, hydroxy phenyl methyl silicone, phenyl propyl silicone, phenyl isopropyl silicone, tolyl butyl silicone, tolyl amyl silicone, phenyl hydroxy ethyl silicone and the corresponding polymers of methyl orthosilicate and ethyl orthosilicate. Compounds containing simple organic radicals such as methyl, ethyl and short chain alkyl groups are preferred. Suchcompounds may have hydroxyl groups or organic radicals as terminals.

The compounds are preferably incorporated in the composition to be treated by mixing them with a high boiling naphtha such as kerosine and mixing the resultant combination with the composition. For the purpose of the following description, it will be understood that sufficient kerosine is added to grams of the specific silicone or similar compound to make up a total of 100 ml.

Before proceeding to a detailed description of the invention, the various tests used for determining the foaming characteristics of hydrocarbon oils should be reviewed.

In the so-called CRC test, oil in a graduate is heated to 129" F. and cooled to 75:5" F.

In sequence 1, air at a rate of 0.2 cubic feet per hour is bubbled through the oil through a diffusion plate at the bottom of the graduate. The foam height is recorded at the end of a five minute period, thus giving the zero minute reading. The air is shut off and the foam is recorded again at the end of a ten minute period, thus giving the ten minute reading. In sequence 2, the same steps are followed except that the temperature is raised to 200i5 F. In sequence 3, the same steps are repeated with the temperature returned to 75i5 F.

In the Carnegie foam test which has been developed primarily for the testing of oils used in hydraulic transmission mechanisms and the like, the oil being tested passes through a pump having a submerged intake and an air-open discharge above the body of oil. Simultaneously two propellers are used to agitate the oil body. The oil is heated to a temperature of about 200 F.

After the oil is brought to temperature, the propeller motor is turned on and the pump discharge pressure set at lbs. per square inch. After one minute, the motor is shut 01f and the height of foam, i. e., the distance from the top of the foam to the oil-foam interface, is measured. The foam collapse time is taken as the time elapsing between the stopping of the motor and the first appearances of the oil surface through the foam. The foam height is reported to A," and the foam collapse time to one second. Approximately six quarts of oil are required for the test.

The VVL test is based on a proposed Federal specification of October l, 1941, for universal gear lubricants. It involves the churning of the lubricant in a Mixmaster or its equivalent having a pan '7" in diameter and 3%," deep, the pan being supported on the turn-table mounted in the center bearing hole of the two bearing holes in the Mixmaster base plate. 500 ml. of the lubricant is churned with concave paddles at room temperature for 15 minutes at a beater speed of 550 R. P. M. After the churning period, the lubricant is allowed to stand one hour. The foam is measured at zero minutes and at ten minute intervals through one hour.

In the Towne foam test, a Mixmaster or the equivalent is used in combination with a 500 ml. graduate cylinder. 400 grams of the sampleis heated to 150 F. and maintained at that temperature for 30 minutes. It is then allowed to cool to room temperature by standing for a sufficiently long period. 200 grams of the test oil is weighed into an 800 ml. beaker and placed in a constant temperature bath at the test temperature of 75 F. After reaching temperature, the oil is stirred for exactly three minutes. The contents of the beaker are then poured quickly into a 500 ml. graduate cylinder and the graduate placed in the temperature bath. The volume of foam is determined at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and minutes starting with zero time as four minutes after the stirring operation is begun. In this test, the oils of SAE 10, 20 and 30 grades are tested at F. and oils of SAE 40, 50 and 60 grades are tested at F.

In all the foregoing tests, the objective has been to measure the foam and no attention has been paid to gas entrainment. Apparently gas entrainment and its possible effect in use of the oil has been entirely overlooked.

As an example of a practical application of the invention, a hydraulic transmission fluid was prepared with a mineral oil base. About 3.5 to

4.5% of an additive off the inethacrylatepolymer type, about 2.5 to 3.5% of anadditive of the sul furized sperm oil type-and'about 0.8to 1.0% of an additive of a bariumthiophosphate-sodium sulfonate type in a light oil as acarrier, all by weight, were added to a base. compound formed of a refined paraffin vbaseoil having .a'

viscosity SSU at 100F. of aboutlni).

The methacrylate polymer type additive contains approximately 40% ofv a polymerized ester of methacrylic acid having a :rnolecular I weight between 10,000 and 15,000 and or the following general formula:

H CH5 wherein R. is a mixture of alkyl groups) havin from}; to .16 carbon atoms such as cetyl, lauryl and octyl groups. The additive is formed by dissolving the polymer in a Mid-Continent solvent-refined 150 neutral oil. The result is a clear, light-amber colored viscous. fluid having a -Sp. Gr. 60/60 F. of 0.89-0.90, and. flash point diluted to 10% solids with a S, A. E. 20 oil. COC, of 405 min, a viscosity; Kinematic at 210 F., es. of 600-800 and a Neut. No. of 0.4 max.

This additivehas been found valuable as a viscosity index improver and a pour point depressant.

The sulfurized sperm oil type additive can be described as having a sulfurized sperm oil and lanolin base, theprincipal constituent being a sulfurized derivative of cetyl oleate:

n-C mHasO-C -4 GH2):-l]CH -GH3=(CH2)1(LH It is probable that the sulfur enters the molecule at the double bond to form a ring structure somewhat as follows:

-CH--CH R0 s on .no SBa-S on wherein R=C7+Ca+C1o alcohols. The additive is a dark oilyliquid of a density of about 1.016. It contains about 6.0 to 7.3% barium, about 2.6 to 3.2% phosphorus, about 6.0 to 7.9% sulfur, and-about 0.25 to 0.40% sodium all'by weight. Its principal function is as an antioxidant.

With the addition of 225 parts per million of 100 cs. silicone (dimethyl silicone polymers) in kerosine (about22.5 p. p. m. silicone) to the above-described hydraulic transmission fluid, a Carnegie; foam test of the fluid showed a foam height oil?" and a foam collapse time of 42 seconds. When only 100 p. p. m. of the same silicone but of 1,000 cs. in kerosi-ne (about 10p. p. m. silicone) was used, the foam height was less than k" and the foam collapse time was zero, that is,'there was no sustained foam. The use of thehigher viscosity silicone also appeared to substantially inhibit gas entrainment since the oil so treated when used in a transmission enabled quiet and smooth operation in contrast to the noisy operation when oil treated with the silicone of 100 cs. was used. This particular fluid had a viscosity SSU at 100 F. of 204.4 and at 210 F. :of 52.3. It had .a viscosity index of about 140.

A comparison of the 22.5 p. p. m. 10.0 cs. silicone givinga foam heightof /2" and the .10

p. ppm. 1,000 cs. silicone giving a foam height of. less than 34;" establishes the 1,000 cs. silicone asxbeing far more efficient than a silicone of the same composition but of lower viscosity. In brief, the 1,000 cs. material when used in an amount less than of the 100 cs. material was four times as effective in inhibiting foam.

On afurther test. of this same fluid at ten peratures ranging from 200 to 275 F. with silicone (1,000 cs). contents of 10-15 p. p. m., the foam-height was A or less and the foam collapse time except at extremely high temperatures was zero. At the high temperature of 275 F., the foam required only 23 seconds for collapse.

This particularfluid is a particularly good hydraulic transmission fluid in that it is capable of transmitting power efiiciency through either the fluidcoupling or torque converter, it is an efficient lubricant for the complicated and precisely machined moving parts such as the various pump units involved-and is capable of satisfactorily lubricating and preventing wear on any gearing contained in the transmission unit. It has the correct viscosity .and a pour point of at least -35 F. which satisfies the requirements of temperature extremes liable to be encountered. It is stable in service, resistant to oxidation and deposit formation, and resistant to foam formation and gas entrainment which could interfere with the efliciency of the power transmission.

Strange to say, the increased efficiency'of the higher viscosity silicone in this particular fluid is not indicated .by the CR0 or similar tests that determine only foam presumably because such tests do not simulate the actual operation in a hydraulic transmission and do not determine gas entrainment.

Respecting this particular hydraulic transmission fluid, it has been found that regardless of the amount of 100 cs. silicone employed, the foam as determined by the Carnegie foam test cannot be reduced sufficiently to pass specifications. on

. the other hand, the use of silicones of higher viscosities has solved the foam problem.

In another instance, a special lubricating oil wasprepared for use in diesel engines by combining a base. oil (having a gravity, API of 22.5-28.5, flash, 0. O. C. min. 420 F., fire, C. O. 0, min. 470 viscosity, S. S. U. at F. of 540-530, viscosity index 76 min, pour point 5 F. max.) with about 16.5% by volume of an additive classified as a basic barium sulfonate, barium amount of the same silicone of 1,000 cs. was used, the foam at minutes was only 150 ml., a reduction of about 52%. With 5 p. p. m. of the silicone of 100 cs. 300 ml. foam was obtained in 5 minutes. An equivalent amount of 1,000 cs. silicone of the same composition reduced the foam at 5 minutes to 50 ml., a reduction of about 33 With p. p. In. of the 100 cs. silicone, 250 ml. foam was produced in 5 minutes. With an equivalent amount of 1,000 cs. silicone, only 30 ml. foam was formed at 5 minutes, a reduction of about 88%. Even with 100 p. p. m. of the 100 cs. material, '70 ml. foam was formed in 5 minutes.

In connection with the relation of gas entrainment, its ill-effects and its determination, tests were run with a straight naphthene base oil having a gravity API of 18.0 to 21.0, flash, COC F. min., 3'70, fire, COC F. min, 420, viscosity, S. S. U. at 100 I. of 550-580, viscosity S. S. U. at 210 F. of 53-56 neutralization number of 0.1 max., and with no additives of any type contained therein. In this case, both in actual operation and in laboratory tests, the higher viscosity organo-silicon compounds were found effective as regards the inhibition of both foaming and gas entrainment whereas the lower viscosity compounds were found to be of little or no effect. This particular oil is of special value in the lubrication of large diesel engines such as those of Nordberg manufacture (model TS-Z cycle).

In one specific instance, the installation included six Nordberg 2-cycle diesel engines of 7325 horsepower rating each with generators di rectly connected thereto. In this installation each engine had a gear train comprising four large gears with an oil spray at each gear meshing. When operating with straight oil, there was a great deal of rattling and vibration in the circulating pumps for this oil, apparently due to air (or fixed gas) entrained in the oil by the aforesaid gear trains.

With the addition of a dimethyl silicone of 100 es. in an amount equivalent to about 3 p. p. m., there was no noticeable change in the noise or vibration of t is pumps. With the use of about 3 to 4 p. p. m. of the same silicone but of 1,000 cs.,

there was immediate and substantially permanent improvement in that the noise and vibration were substantially eliminated.

To check the effect of the higher viscosity sili- A cones, the operation of the engine insofar as the oil is concerned was simulated in the laboratory by the use of a circulating unit formed. of standard pipe and fittings where the oil was circulated by a Chevrolet automobile water pump driven by i,

a H. P. motor at a speed of about 2100 R. P. M. Air was added to the system at the suction side of the pump and the circulating oil heated by a thermostatically-controlled electric heater. In

this way, the actual conditions in the engine as n to the entrainment of air and temperature were simulated. The unit was charged with 5000 cc. oil and the oil circulated at 130 F. with -60 cc./min. of air being added to the suction side of the pump. Both the foam height and increase volume increase of the oil was reduced to about 8%. Foam was still formed.

With a fresh charge of oil, a dimethyl silicone of 1,000 cs. was used in amounts of 5, 10, 50 and 100 p. p. m. The 5 and 10 p. p. m. additions were found to reduce the volume increase of the oil and the 50 p. p. 'm. addition substantially eliminated all volume increase. Increased amounts of silicone did not have any adverse effect. This particular test was continued for more than two days during which time there was no change in the volume of oil.

Another run was made with the same silicone but of 100,000 cs. in a concentration of about 5 p. p. m., the silicone being dissolved or dispersed in ethyltriethyloxy silane. With a concentration of 5 p. p. in. corresponding to about 40 p. p. m. of the silane, there was some reduction in air entrainment or volume increase. With a second 5 p. p. m. addition, making a total of 10 p. p. m., the air entrainment was reduced to substantially zero. The silicone was effective over the three days of the test.

The apparatus was thoroughly cleaned between each test.

It should be added that silicones of 500 cs. were tried in the same oil with the more conventional foam tests. About 7% foam was produced and special measurements of the increase in volume of the oil showed an increase of about 7%.

Summarizing this experience, it will be noted that with this oil having a tendency to increase in volume up to 13%, the silicones of 100 cs. and 500 cs. were substantially inefiective whereas silicones of 1,000 cs. and 100,000 cs. were substantially and completely effective. These results are particularly significant since they demonstrate the value of the simulated engine test in determining both foam and gas entrainment and illustrate the efficiency of the higher viscosity silicones in a straight oil in which there are no oil improving additives or agents of any type and in which foaming and gas entrainment are problems.

Equivalent increased efficiencies of organosilicon compounds of higher viscosities have been demonstrated in tests with other types of hydrocarbon oils.

In test on a typical base oil, dimethyl silicones of low viscosities such as 6.2 cp. (about 6.4 cs.) and 85 op. (about 87 cs.) were found in the CRC foam test, sequence 1, to hold the foam down to 10 ml. after 5 minutes whereas dimethyl silicone of 884 op. (about 910 es.) in the same proportion was found to prevent any foaming whatsoever.

In the case of an industrial gear lubricant having a viscosity SSU at 100 F. of 2250-2450, the base lubricant when tested as to foam char acteristics by the VVL foam test, gave 500 ml. foam at the 0, 15, 30 and minute intervals and 450 ml. at the 60 minute interval.

With the addition of 5 p. p. m. of dimethyl silicone of 1,000 es, the foam at zero minutes was only m1. and the foam at the remaining intervals was only 25 ml. When 1.4 p. p. m. of dimethyl silicone of 250,000 cs. was used, 50 ml. of foam was obtained at the zero and 15 minute intervals, 25 ml. at the 30 minute intervals, and only traces of foam at the 45 and minute intervals.

The results of such tests indicate even greater effectiveness of the organic-silicon compounds of higher viscosities.

In the case of a refrigerator oil having a viscosity SSU at F. of 300-324 and containing and ml. in 10 minutes. The addition of 2.5

p. p. m. dimethyl silicone of 1,000 es. reduced the 0 minute foam-tom ml.,a reduction ofabout 97% and the '10 minute foamto 0, a reduction of 100%. The same results were obtained with the use of only 1.4 p. p .-m. orapproximately;one half as muchdimethyl silicone of 50,000 cs; 4

With :a rock drill lubricant having a viscosity SSU at 100 F. of 550-610, tested-by the CRC foam test, sequence 1, the foam at Ominutes was 540 ml. and. the foam at, 10 minutes was 440 ml. In .sequenceg2, the foam at 0 minute was 160ml.- and at 10 minuteswas 0. In sequence- 3, the foamxatzO minutes was 690ml. and at 10 minutes was 620 m1. Theaddition-of 1p.- p.- m-.- of ;di-,- methyl silicone of 100 cs. showed very little improvement as respects sequences 1 and-2 the foam at 0 minutesinsequence 3 being; reduced to .100 ml.

The use of an equivalent amountof dimethylsilicone of 1,000 cs. reduced the foam in sequence 1 to 30 ml. at 0 minutes, a reduction of 94% and to 0 at 10 minutes, a reduction of 100%. In sequence 2, the foam at 0 minutes was 80 ml., a reduction of 5% and 0 at minutes, a reduction of 100%. In sequence 3, the foam at 0 minutes was ml.,. a reduction of 97% and at 10 minutes was 0, a reduction of 100%. Substantially the same results were obtained by the use of only 0.8 p. p. m.,of.a silicone of 10,000 cs., with 0.5 p. p. m. of a silicone of 50,000 cs., with 0.4 p. p. m. of a silicone of 100,000 cs.,.and with 0.3 p. p. m.- of a silicone of. 250,000 cs.

' In a Carnegie foam testonanioil formed from a baseoil and an additive or the methacrylate polymer type and having a viscosity SSE" at 100 F. of about 198, the oil with '7 p. p. m. dimethyl silicone of 100 cs. had a foam height of 1%" and a foam collapse time of 39 seconds. When treated with only 5 p. p. m. of the same type silicone of 1,000 cs., the foamheight was less than and the foam collapse of the order of:

2.5 seconds.

The same oil treated with 10 p. p. in. basin-y cone of 100 cs. showed a foam height of A and a foam collapse time of 39 seconds. When treatedwith 10 p. p. m. of alike silicone of 1 ,000 c s;, the

foam height was less than and the foam c01- lapse time was 0, i. e., there was no continuous layer of foam.

The same base oil treated with 80 p. p. m. of 100 cs. silicone had a foam height of /3" and a foam collapse time of 20 seconds, thus, indicating the improved anti-foam efficiency of the higher viscosity organo-silicon compound.

The improved results in inhibition of foam and gas entrainment obtained by the higher viscosity organo-silicon compounds is evidenced by their proven greater efficiency even when used in smaller quantities and their ability to inhibit foam and gas entrainment in some instances where the low viscosity materials are substantially ineffective. This is particularly true in uses such as in hydraulic transmissions and in some pumps wherein the oil is subjected to turbulence in the presence of air or some other gas.

From the data obtained .thus far, the effective higher viscosity organo-silicon compounds range from viscosities SSU C. of about 900 cs. to 250,000 es, and there is reason to conclude that the compounds are increasingly effective in proportion to their viscosities.

v 1. -:W1.1i1e1t e: .t .r1 nection with hydrocarbon oil compositions, it is to be understood that it is also applicable to other organic liquids and mixtures, containing the same.

Obviously many modifications and variations of the invention as above set forth may be made without departing from .the spirit and scope thereof, and, therefore, only such limitations should. be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims. Q

I-claim: V

1. A substantially non-foaming and non-gas entraining-composition of matter comprising a major portion-of a liquid hydrocarbon oil and a minor proportion of an additive and a liquid dihydrocarbon silicone polymer of a minimum viscosity of about 900 cs.

2. A power transmittin fluid for use in hydraulic transmissions and the like comprising hydrocarbon-oil; an additive containing a moth thiophosphate-sodium sulfonate type, and sufi'icient of a liquid dihydrocarbon silicone of a minimum viscosity of about 900 cs. to inhibit foaming and gas entrainment thereof in operation.

3. A power transmitting fluid for use in hydraulic transmissions and the like comprising hydrocarbon oil, about 3.5 to 4.5% of an additive.

containing a methacrylate polymer having a molecular Weight of between 10,000 and 15,000,

about 2.5 to 3.5% of an additive of the sulfurized sperm oil type, about 0.8 to 1.0% of an additive of about 900 cs.-to inhibit foaming and gas entrainment thereof in operation.

4. A-power transmitting fluid for use in hydraulic transmissions and the like consisting essentially of hydrocarbon oil, about 3.5 to 4.5% by weight of an additive consisting essentially of about 40% by weight of a polymerized ester of methacrylic acid having a molecular weight between 10,000 and 15,000 and of the following general formula:

pac s:

0 l o I 0 ii wherein Ris a mixture of alkyl groups having from to 16 carbon atoms, about 2.5 to 3.5% by weight of an additive comprising lanolin and a sulfurized derivative of cetyl oleate, about 0.8 to 1.0% by weight of an additive comprising sodium sulfonate and a barium compound of the following general formula:

has been described in con-- 11 methacrylic acid having a molecular weight between 10,000 and 15,000 and of the following general formula:

wherein R is a mixture of cetyl, lauryl and octyl groups, about 2.5 to 3.5% by weight of an additive comprising lanolin and a sulfurized derivative of cetyl oleate, about 0.8 to 1.0% by weight of an additive comprising about 12% by weight sodium sulfonate and about 42.5% by weight of a barium compound of the following general formula:

R0 s s 03 P P \RO/ $BaS \OR wherein R=C7+C8+C10 alcohols, and suflicient of a liquid dimethyl silicone of a minimum viscosity of about 900 cs. to inhibit foaming and gas entrainment by the fluid in operation.

6. A power transmitting fluid for use in hydraulic transmissions and the like comprising a refined paraffin base hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity of about 100 SSU at 100 F., about 3.5 to 4.5 by Weight of an additive comprising about 40% by weight of a polymerized ester of methacrylic acid having a molecular weight between 10,000 and 15,000 and of the following general formula:

wherein R is a mixture of cetyl, lauryl and octyl groups, about 2.5 to 3.5% by weight of an additive comprising lanolin and a sulfurized derivative of cetyl oleate, about 0.8% to 1.0% by weight of an additive comprising about 12% by Weight sodium sulfonate and about 42.5% by weight of a barium compound of the following general formula:

R0 s s 0R P 1 110 s s OR 12 wherein R=C7+Cs+C1n alcohols, and'sufiicient of a liquid dimethyl silicone of a viscosity of about 1,000 cs. to inhibitfoaming and gas entrainmentby the fluid in operation.

7. A composition of matter consisting essen-- tially of a liquid hydrocarbon and an additive, and sufficient of a liquid dimethyl silicone polymer of a viscosity of about 1,000 cs. to inhibit foaming and gas entrainment.

8. A lubricating composition adapted. for use as a diesel lubricant with fuels of relatively high sulfur content comprising a liquid hydrocarbon and a substantial proportion of an additive consisting essentially of basic barium sulfonate, barium dithiophosphate and a sulfurized terpene, and sufficient of a liquid dihydrocarbon silicone of a minimum viscosity of about 000 cs. to inhibit foaming and gas entrainment in operation.

9. A lubricating composition adapted for use as a diesel lubricant with fuels, of relatively high sulfur content comprising a hydrocarbon oil having a C. O. C. flash point of about 420 and a viscosity of 5404530 SSU at about 10.5% of an additive consisting essentially of basic barium sulfonate, barium dithiophosphate and a sulfurized terpene, and sufficient of a liquid dihydrocarbon silicone of a viscosity of about 1,000 cs. to inhibit foaming and gas entrainment in operation.

CHARLES C. 'rownn.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Kauppi et al., Organo-Silicon Compounds for Insulating Electrical Machines, Reprinted from Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, N. Y. (3., N. Y., vol. 64, 1945, 4 pages.

Kauppi et al., Silicone Fluids in Hydraulics and Lubrication, Reprinted from Product Enginering, February 1949, 5 pages.

Claims

1. A SUBSTANTIALLY NON-FOAMING AND NON-GAS ENTRAINING COMPOSITION OF MATTER COMPRISING A MAJOR PORTION OF A LIQUID HYDROCARBON OIL AND A MINOR PROPORTION OF AN ADDDITIVE AND A LIQUID DIHYDROCARBON SILICONE POLYMER OF A MINIMUM VISCOSITY OF ABOUT 900 CS.