US2644312A - Production of zinc - Google Patents
Production of zinc Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2644312A US2644312A US166338A US16633850A US2644312A US 2644312 A US2644312 A US 2644312A US 166338 A US166338 A US 166338A US 16633850 A US16633850 A US 16633850A US 2644312 A US2644312 A US 2644312A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pool
- alloy
- molten metal
- cooling
- water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/04—Obtaining zinc by distilling
- C22B19/16—Distilling vessels
- C22B19/18—Condensers, Receiving vessels
Definitions
- This invention relates to the production of zinc.
- the rate at which heat is abstracted from the pool of molten metal can thus be controlled by varying the rate at which the alloy is circulated through a closed circuit of tubes or pipes having a cooling coil part submerged in the pool of molten metal or the temperature to which the alloy is cooled in another part of the circuit outside the pool of molten metal which is completely or partly inside the condenser.
- the cooling coil can be inserted in a fixed position in a well of the molten metal communicating with the condenser, or in a pool of metal within the condenser.
- the cooling coil within the condenser may be generally horizontal.
- cooling coil units each consisting of a single loop of pipe are preferably fitted in the condenser and immersed in the pool or bath of metal and through these the readily fusible metal alloy is circulated, being cooled in the other part'of their respective closed 7 tubular circuits outside the condenser, for example by externally applied water.
- the circulation of the molten or liquid alloy may be efiected by a thermo-siphon.
- the pipe or tube through which the fusible alloy flows is in the shape of an inverted U having two generally vertical limbs or parts interconnected at their top ends and 2 with their bottom ends'respectively connected to the two ends of the part for fitting into the pool of molten metal.
- the two enerally vertical limbs one is cooled, as, for instance, by the external application of water, and the diiference in density between theflcooled alloy in this limb and the hot alloy in the other vertical limb of the pipe provides the motive force necessary for circulating the alloy without the use of pumps.
- each cooling coil consists of a single loop of pipe submergedin the pool of molten metal. To obtain adequate cooling sur-:
- each coil with its thermosiphon, constitutes an independently controlled unit, with suitable means, such as a valve, for controlling the rate of circulation of alloy, and
- - facilities such as an insulating jacket around the vertical limb or part containing the hot alloy and a water cooling jacket of variable length around the water-cooled section for varying the temperature to which the alloy is cooled.
- the condenser I is of rectangular cross-section.
- the side wall 2 of the condenser extends down only to level 3, some distance above the floor-level 4 of the condenser. There is thus providedan opening between the condenser and a well 5.
- the level 6 of the lead, or other molten metal, in the condenser is above that of the lower end 3 of the side wall, which therefore dips into the molten metal between the condenser and the well.
- the metal in the condenser and well is cooled by means of a molten fusible alloy circulated through a U-shaped pipe in the direction from limb l to limb 8 in a closed tubular circuit which is completely filled with and confines the-circulating molten alloy. Leaving horizontal limb 8,
- the alloy passes by an upwardly inclined limb 9 and up through a vertical pipe or column H] which is surrounded by heat-insulating material II. From the-top of column ID the alloy passes along a horizontal pipe I2 and thence downwardly through a vertical pipe or column l3 all or part of the length of which can be water-cooled. This cooling makes the alloy in column l3 denser than that in column I0. This difference in density provides the motive force for circulating the alloy 3 which completes the circuit by passing by pipe I4 to the horizontal limb 1.
- the cooling of pipe I3 is eifected by water contained within the surrounding jacket l5. Water enters this jacket through valve I6 and pipe I'l. If valve I8 is open the water leaves by pipe I9 and therefore cools pipe I3 only up to this level. If valves I8, 20, 21, 22 and 23 are all shut, the water leaves by pipe 24 and hence effects cooling of the whole of pipe I3. When less than this full amount of cooling is required, whichever of the valves I8, 20, 2 I, 22 and 23 controls water outflow at the desired level is opened and all the lower ones are closed. In any case the cooling water finally leaves by pipe .25. For fine control of cooling rate, the water flow is controlled by valve I6.
- the fusible alloy may consist of lead and tin in approximately the proportions required to form a eutectic mixture, that is, by weight, about 38% lead and 62% tin.
- an alloy consisting of 50% bismuth, 27% lead, 13% tin and cadmium may be used.
- Other mixtures of these four metals, or any two or three of them, can be used.
- One suitable composition is 50% tin, 32% lead and 18% cadmium. It is characteristic of such fusible alloys that their boiling temperatures, at atmospheric pressure, are relatively high and higher than the highest temperature to which any such alloy is raised in circulating through the pool of molten metal, being in, excess of 400 C.
- the fusible alloy cooling medium should have a wide range of cooling, varying in practice from about 70 C. up to about 450 C.
- a cooling system fora pool of molten metal comprising a closed circuit of tubes containing a readily fusible metal alloy in liquid form and having a part for fitting into the pool of molten metal and two generally vertical parts interconnected at their top ends and with the bottom ends respectively connected to the two ends of the part for fitting into the pool of molten metal, the boiling temperature of said metal alloy being higher than the temperature to which the alloy is raised in that part of said circuit which is fitted into the pool :of molten metal, and a water cooling jacket around one of said generally vertical parts.
- a cooling system for a pool of molten metal comprising a closed circuit of tubes containing a readily fusible metal alloy and having a part for fitting into the pool of molten metal, and two generally vertical parts interconnected at their top ends and with the bottom ends respectively connected to the two ends of the part for fitting into the pool of -molten metal, a water cooling jacket of variable length around one of said generally vertical parts, an insulating jacket around the other of said generally vertical parts, and means including a control valve for supplying cooling water to said water-cooling jacket.
- a cooling system for a pool of molten metal comprising a closed circuit of tubes containing a readily fusible metal alloy and having a part for fitting into the pool of molten metal, and two generally vertical parts interconnected at their top ends and with the bottom ends respectively connected to the two ends of the part for fitting into the ,pool of molten metal, a water cooling jacket of variable .length around one of said generally “vertical parts and an insulatin jacket around the other of said generally vertical parts.
- the improved method of cooling the pool of molten metal which comprises circulating therethrough and out of contact therewith a readily fusible metal alloy in liquid form confined in and completely filling a closed circuit of which one part is submerged in said pool and anotherpart is outside said pool, the boiling temperature of said metal alloy being higher than-the highest temperature to which the alloy is raised in circulating through said pool, and cooling said alloy in that part of said circuit outside said pool.
- the improved method of cooling the pool of molten metal which comprises circulating therethrough and out of contact therewith a readily fusible metal alloy in liquid form confined in and completely filling .
Description
s. E. WOODS ETAL 2,644,312 I PRODUCTION OF zmc Filed June 6, 1950 INVENTORS STEPHEN ESSLEMONT WOODS BENNETT GREGORY PERRY crl im- M,M..LS BM CJJEVN Patented July 7, 1953 PRODUCTION OF ZINC v I Stephen Esslemont Woods, Bristol, and Bennett Gregory Perry,
Westbury-on-Trym,
Bristol,
England, assignors to The National smelting Company Limited, London, England Application June 6, 1950, Serial No. 166,338
In Great Britain June 13, 1949 p Claims. (01. 62- 1) This invention relates to the production of zinc. Various arrangements for condensing zinc vapour by means of a pool or bath of molten metalhave been described. i
Various cooling systems for the pool of molten metal have been .tried as it is necessary to have a system in which the rate of abstraction of heat can be closely controlled so as to maintain the temperatures in the condenser at the desired level.
- With Water as the cooling medium the rate of heat abstraction per unit area of heating surface cannot be usefully controlled by varying the rate of water circulation; furthermore if for any reason the water supply fails, or the water circulation becomes too slow, steam is generated and the coils become heated; and if water is now readmitted there is a danger of explosion.
--=Therefore according to the invention it is proposed in connection withthe condensing of zinc vapours by means of a pool of molten metal to use a circulating readily fusible metal alloy in molten or liquid form as the cooling medium for the pool of molten metal. The molten metal pool might consist for example of lead, zinc containing another metal in solution, or a solution of zinc in lead. The rate at which heat is abstracted from the pool of molten metal can thus be controlled by varying the rate at which the alloy is circulated through a closed circuit of tubes or pipes having a cooling coil part submerged in the pool of molten metal or the temperature to which the alloy is cooled in another part of the circuit outside the pool of molten metal which is completely or partly inside the condenser. The cooling coil can be inserted in a fixed position in a well of the molten metal communicating with the condenser, or in a pool of metal within the condenser. The cooling coil within the condenser may be generally horizontal.
To remove the heat several cooling coil units each consisting of a single loop of pipe are preferably fitted in the condenser and immersed in the pool or bath of metal and through these the readily fusible metal alloy is circulated, being cooled in the other part'of their respective closed 7 tubular circuits outside the condenser, for example by externally applied water.
Conveniently, the circulation of the molten or liquid alloy may be efiected by a thermo-siphon. Externally to the pool of molten metal from which heat is to be abstracted, the pipe or tube through which the fusible alloy flows is in the shape of an inverted U having two generally vertical limbs or parts interconnected at their top ends and 2 with their bottom ends'respectively connected to the two ends of the part for fitting into the pool of molten metal. Of these two enerally vertical limbs one is cooled, as, for instance, by the external application of water, and the diiference in density between theflcooled alloy in this limb and the hot alloy in the other vertical limb of the pipe provides the motive force necessary for circulating the alloy without the use of pumps. Within the condenser each cooling coil consists of a single loop of pipe submergedin the pool of molten metal. To obtain adequate cooling sur-:
face, several such coils may be used in a single condensing chamber. Each coil, with its thermosiphon, constitutes an independently controlled unit, with suitable means, such as a valve, for controlling the rate of circulation of alloy, and
- facilities, such as an insulating jacket around the vertical limb or part containing the hot alloy and a water cooling jacket of variable length around the water-cooled section for varying the temperature to which the alloy is cooled.
In this way the forced cooling is quickly controlled so that the temperatures may be main-'- tained at the desired levels.
The invention will be further described with reference to an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing which shows a section transverse to the condenser.
The condenser I is of rectangular cross-section.
For part or all of its length, the side wall 2 of the condenser extends down only to level 3, some distance above the floor-level 4 of the condenser. There is thus providedan opening between the condenser and a well 5. The level 6 of the lead, or other molten metal, in the condenser is above that of the lower end 3 of the side wall, which therefore dips into the molten metal between the condenser and the well.
The metal in the condenser and well is cooled by means of a molten fusible alloy circulated through a U-shaped pipe in the direction from limb l to limb 8 in a closed tubular circuit which is completely filled with and confines the-circulating molten alloy. Leaving horizontal limb 8,
the alloy passes by an upwardly inclined limb 9 and up through a vertical pipe or column H] which is surrounded by heat-insulating material II. From the-top of column ID the alloy passes along a horizontal pipe I2 and thence downwardly through a vertical pipe or column l3 all or part of the length of which can be water-cooled. This cooling makes the alloy in column l3 denser than that in column I0. This difference in density provides the motive force for circulating the alloy 3 which completes the circuit by passing by pipe I4 to the horizontal limb 1.
The cooling of pipe I3 is eifected by water contained within the surrounding jacket l5. Water enters this jacket through valve I6 and pipe I'l. If valve I8 is open the water leaves by pipe I9 and therefore cools pipe I3 only up to this level. If valves I8, 20, 21, 22 and 23 are all shut, the water leaves by pipe 24 and hence effects cooling of the whole of pipe I3. When less than this full amount of cooling is required, whichever of the valves I8, 20, 2 I, 22 and 23 controls water outflow at the desired level is opened and all the lower ones are closed. In any case the cooling water finally leaves by pipe .25. For fine control of cooling rate, the water flow is controlled by valve I6.
The fusible alloy may consist of lead and tin in approximately the proportions required to form a eutectic mixture, that is, by weight, about 38% lead and 62% tin. To attain a very low melting-point, an alloy consisting of 50% bismuth, 27% lead, 13% tin and cadmium may be used. Other mixtures of these four metals, or any two or three of them, can be used. One suitable composition is 50% tin, 32% lead and 18% cadmium. It is characteristic of such fusible alloys that their boiling temperatures, at atmospheric pressure, are relatively high and higher than the highest temperature to which any such alloy is raised in circulating through the pool of molten metal, being in, excess of 400 C. and preferably as high as 450 C., so that any possibility of vapor formation Within the closed alloy circuit, with its attendant dangers, is practically negligible. Additionally, these alloys have a high heat of vaporization to further guard against vapor formation. On the other hand, these fusible alloys have relatively low melting temperatures, that of the bismuth-lead-tin-cadmium alloy being approximately 10 0., since in the condensation of zinc vapor in a molten metal bath or pool, the fusible alloy cooling medium should have a wide range of cooling, varying in practice from about 70 C. up to about 450 C.
We claim:
1. A cooling system fora pool of molten metal comprising a closed circuit of tubes containing a readily fusible metal alloy in liquid form and having a part for fitting into the pool of molten metal and two generally vertical parts interconnected at their top ends and with the bottom ends respectively connected to the two ends of the part for fitting into the pool of molten metal, the boiling temperature of said metal alloy being higher than the temperature to which the alloy is raised in that part of said circuit which is fitted into the pool :of molten metal, and a water cooling jacket around one of said generally vertical parts.
2. A cooling system for a pool of molten metal comprising a closed circuit of tubes containing a readily fusible metal alloy and having a part for fitting into the pool of molten metal, and two generally vertical parts interconnected at their top ends and with the bottom ends respectively connected to the two ends of the part for fitting into the pool of -molten metal, a water cooling jacket of variable length around one of said generally vertical parts, an insulating jacket around the other of said generally vertical parts, and means including a control valve for supplying cooling water to said water-cooling jacket.
3. A cooling system for a pool of molten metal comprising a closed circuit of tubes containing a readily fusible metal alloy and having a part for fitting into the pool of molten metal, and two generally vertical parts interconnected at their top ends and with the bottom ends respectively connected to the two ends of the part for fitting into the ,pool of molten metal, a water cooling jacket of variable .length around one of said generally "vertical parts and an insulatin jacket around the other of said generally vertical parts.
4. In the condensation of zinc vapor in a pool of molten metal, the improved method of cooling the pool of molten metal which comprises circulating therethrough and out of contact therewith a readily fusible metal alloy in liquid form confined in and completely filling a closed circuit of which one part is submerged in said pool and anotherpart is outside said pool, the boiling temperature of said metal alloy being higher than-the highest temperature to which the alloy is raised in circulating through said pool, and cooling said alloy in that part of said circuit outside said pool.
5. In the condensation of zinc vapor in a pool of molten metal, the improved method of cooling the pool of molten metal which comprises circulating therethrough and out of contact therewith a readily fusible metal alloy in liquid form confined in and completely filling .a closedcircuit of which one partis submerged "in said pool and another part is in the form of two vertical columns communicating with one another at their tops and having their bottoms in communication with the opposite ends respectively of the submerged part of said circuit, the boiling temperature of saidmetal alloy being higher than the highest temperature to which the alloy isv raised in circulating through said pool, and cooling the alloy in oneof said-columns until its density .ex-
ceeds that of the alloy in the other column and thereby inducing a flow of the cooler alloyinto the submerged part of said circuit and a flow of hot alloy from the submerged part of said circuit into said other column.
STEPHEN ESSLEMONT WOODS. BENNETT GREGORY PERRY.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,403,471 Field Jan. 10, 1922 1,877,762 Griswold Sept. '20, 1932 1,922,509 Thurm Aug. 15, 1933 1,943,315 Hulse Jan. 16, 1934 1,952,716 Lambert Mar. 27, 1934 1,959,377 Lucke May 22, 1934 2,091,801 Amick 'et a1 Aug. 31, 1937' 2,218,153 Pray Oct. '15, 1940 2,457,548 Handwerk et a1. Dec. 28, 1948 2,468,660 Gjedebe Apr. 26, 1949 FUREIGN PATENTS Number Country .Date
963,584 France .e.. s Jan. 4 1950
Claims (1)
1. A COOLING SYSTEM FOR A POOL OF MOLTEN METAL COMPRISING A CLOSED CIRCUIT OF TUBES CONTAINED A READILY FUSIBLE METAL ALLOY IN LIQUID FORM AND HAVING A PART FOR FITTING INTO THE POOL OF MOLTEN METAL AND TWO GENERALLY VERTICAL PARTS INTERCONNECTED AT THEIR TOP ENDS AND WITH THE BOTTOM
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2644312X | 1949-06-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2644312A true US2644312A (en) | 1953-07-07 |
Family
ID=10912517
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US166338A Expired - Lifetime US2644312A (en) | 1949-06-13 | 1950-06-06 | Production of zinc |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2644312A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2871007A (en) * | 1953-10-06 | 1959-01-27 | Metallurgical Processes Ltd | Condenser for condensing metal vapours |
| US3369594A (en) * | 1965-08-10 | 1968-02-20 | John J. Farrell | Temperature control apparatus for an extrusion device |
| US3618569A (en) * | 1969-07-17 | 1971-11-09 | Stephen C Baer | Device for transferring heat from one portion of a water reservoir to another |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1403471A (en) * | 1922-01-10 | Method of heating at high temperatures | ||
| US1877762A (en) * | 1928-02-13 | 1932-09-20 | Dow Chemical Co | High temperature indirect heating |
| US1922509A (en) * | 1929-10-28 | 1933-08-15 | Baker Perkins Co Inc | Heating by circulating heat-transferring liquids |
| US1943315A (en) * | 1929-02-07 | 1934-01-16 | Safety Car Heating & Lighting | Art and apparatus for cooling |
| US1952716A (en) * | 1932-09-27 | 1934-03-27 | Heintz Mfg Co | Refrigerating device |
| US1959377A (en) * | 1928-03-20 | 1934-05-22 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Heat transfer apparatus |
| US2091801A (en) * | 1934-10-03 | 1937-08-31 | Du Pont | Temperature control |
| US2218153A (en) * | 1937-08-27 | 1940-10-15 | Pray Res Corp | Method of and and apparatus for effecting heat transfer from a molten material heat-carrying medium in the heat treatment of substances in the gaseous and vaporous state |
| US2457548A (en) * | 1946-06-22 | 1948-12-28 | New Jersey Zinc Co | Process for condensing zinc vapor |
| US2468660A (en) * | 1944-08-21 | 1949-04-26 | Stavanger Electro Staalverk Ak | Extraction process for separating metals |
| FR963584A (en) * | 1950-07-17 |
-
1950
- 1950-06-06 US US166338A patent/US2644312A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1403471A (en) * | 1922-01-10 | Method of heating at high temperatures | ||
| FR963584A (en) * | 1950-07-17 | |||
| US1877762A (en) * | 1928-02-13 | 1932-09-20 | Dow Chemical Co | High temperature indirect heating |
| US1959377A (en) * | 1928-03-20 | 1934-05-22 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Heat transfer apparatus |
| US1943315A (en) * | 1929-02-07 | 1934-01-16 | Safety Car Heating & Lighting | Art and apparatus for cooling |
| US1922509A (en) * | 1929-10-28 | 1933-08-15 | Baker Perkins Co Inc | Heating by circulating heat-transferring liquids |
| US1952716A (en) * | 1932-09-27 | 1934-03-27 | Heintz Mfg Co | Refrigerating device |
| US2091801A (en) * | 1934-10-03 | 1937-08-31 | Du Pont | Temperature control |
| US2218153A (en) * | 1937-08-27 | 1940-10-15 | Pray Res Corp | Method of and and apparatus for effecting heat transfer from a molten material heat-carrying medium in the heat treatment of substances in the gaseous and vaporous state |
| US2468660A (en) * | 1944-08-21 | 1949-04-26 | Stavanger Electro Staalverk Ak | Extraction process for separating metals |
| US2457548A (en) * | 1946-06-22 | 1948-12-28 | New Jersey Zinc Co | Process for condensing zinc vapor |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2871007A (en) * | 1953-10-06 | 1959-01-27 | Metallurgical Processes Ltd | Condenser for condensing metal vapours |
| US3369594A (en) * | 1965-08-10 | 1968-02-20 | John J. Farrell | Temperature control apparatus for an extrusion device |
| US3618569A (en) * | 1969-07-17 | 1971-11-09 | Stephen C Baer | Device for transferring heat from one portion of a water reservoir to another |
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