US2643585A - Broaching machine - Google Patents

Description

June 30, 1953 Filed Sept. 26. 1951 E. J. LAPOINTE ETAL BROACHING MACHINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented June 30, 19553 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BROACHING MACHINE Elmer J. Lapointe and Francis J. Lapointe, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Application September 26, 1951, Serial No. 248,408

6 Claims. I 1

Our invention has generally to do with broaching machines. More particularly, our invention deals with the problem of performing multiple breaching operations, either of the same, different or progressive nature, on a single machine and within the floor and overhead space occopied by a conventional broaching machine and its base.

Our invention concerns a universal broaching machine wherein, for example, push, pull and surface broaching, either up or down, may be all done at one time or at successive times without there being waiting time for retooling or rerigging between successive operations. Many of the so called universal machines of the prior art require retooling or rerigging intervals, in order that subsequently different broaching operations may be done. We, by our present invention, eliminate this.

Our invention besides saving production time makes possible a nearly complete utilization of production space, another expensive overhead item in product cost. Also by our invention, when engaged in progressive broaching operations, there is a great reduction in material handling, still another product cost element. So our invention makes production economies possible and hence enables the resultant product to be made faster and cheaper.

Aside from the foregoing objects, we propose by our invention to construct a breaching machine of the vertical upright type having a plurality of working stations. Particularly, we propose the disposition of such working stations at diiferent quarterings about the machine. Thus, operators, work loaders or unloaders may stand, without crowding, so as to each perform their respective tasks at each station. Heretofore, in many multiple .broaching machines, the working stations were disposed adjacent or in line with each other. This often caused confusion and conflict between work loading personnel at each station or required limiting the number of workers active at one time. Thus, the production speed ordinarily to be expected was materially reduced.

Also, we have as an object to provide a broaching machine having a pedestal type base and a guideway bearing column for a plurality of tool holder slides projecting upwardly from points registering alignment with such working stations, the tool holder slides and tools carried thereby may be made to reciprocate vertically through such stations. Such grouping enables the slides to be driven by a single power transmitting means such as a main cylinder and piston resulting in still further operation and maintenance economies.

We also propose by our invention to provide on the broaching machine column, guideways and tool holder slides having a stroke and length in relation to such stroke that the upper and lower ends of the tool holder slide remain on their respective upper or lower side of the work supporting station, notwithstanding reciprocation of the slides. In making this provision we are able to mount tool holding fixtures on either end of the slides and thus obtain push or pull in an up or down direction as desired. We propose that an auxiliary table at the work station be used for all up stroke broaching. Such addition is of minor consideration when the costs of separate machines to obtain separate up and down breaching are contemplated.

A still further object of our invention is to provide an operators control system for the hydraulic means used for actuating the several work slides. The need for this provision becomes most apparent when production conditions require a crew of operators or work loaders to be employed in a group about the machine, each of whom is assigned to one station. The problem then, as will be seen, is to control the machine operation, without endangering or injuring any operator. We provide a system of interlinked lock-out operating levers from all operating stations to the prime moving hydraulic means. By this arrangement each operator can lock out operation of the linkage until loading or other operation has been completed at his station and he has removed himself to a safety position.

Another feature of our control system resides in the fact that, in single operator operation, the lock-outs at all unoccupied stations may be put in open position and control exclusively exercised by the single operator from a chosen station and while remaining at his chosen station. The invention consists in other features and advantages which will appear from the following description and upon examination of the drawings. Structures containing the invention may partake of different forms and still embody the invention. To illustrate a practical application of the invention, we have selected a broaching machine as an example of the variousstructures and details thereof that contain the invention.

We shall describe the selected structure hereinafter. it being understood that variations may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. The particular structure selected is shown in the accompanying drawings and described hereinafter. I v Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings illustrates a perspective elevational view of a broaching ma chine embodying the features of our invention. Fig. 2 illustrates a view of a longitudinal section taken along the plane of the line 2--2 indicated in Fig. 1. Fig; 3 illustrates a View of a horizontal section taken along the plane of the line 3-3 shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 illustrates, partly in schematics, the control system and hydraulic actuating means of the machine shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 shows an element of the control system.

The embodiment of our invention shown in the accompanying drawings has a pedestal base It]. Preferably, the base comprises a table part II and an extension part [2. The extension part I2 houses and supports elements of the machine, such as a hydraulic pump 14, a sump [5, containing oil, and piping l6 interconnectin the pump and sump to a machine hydraulic operation means located in the table part II. The table part II of the base 10 supports an upstanding column 30 over which the machine slides, to be described, are designed to move in response to said hydraulic operating means.

The table part II is a sturdy and rigid weldmenthaving floor pads ll, enclosing side walls l8 and top alls [9. Viewed top-side (see Fig. 3) the table part II has a sixsided outline, one side being longer than any other and connecting opposite ends of the first and fifth side. Along this longer side, indicated 20, 'the'extension part I2 of base I0 housing the pump and sump is located.

The opposite sides indicated 2| and 22 immediately adjacent said longer side are parallel to each other and normal to said longer side. These sides 2| and 22 together with the intermediate side, indicated 23, extending parallel and opposite to the long side 20 mark separate work stations quartered about the machine.

The top wall I9 of the table H has an opening 24 through which the column 30 extends and, in part. is supported. The opening 24'is formed in inwardly spaced relation from the outer edges of the top wall 19 where it intersects with side walls l8 of the mentioned sides 2!, 22 and 23. The surface areas of the top wall l9 between said edges and the column 30 provide work support surfaces MS, 228 and 238. The opening '24 has bays ZIB, 22B and 233 which adjoin the work support surfaces. The bays are of a shape and size allowing work slides on the column 30 to pass therethrough. As will be explained later, this provision allows for surface, push up and pull down broaching. In that connection the walls is of the table'part ll may have suitable access openings through which the lower end of the column and the underside of the work surfaces maybe reached. These openings 25 may be closed when not in use by doors 26. Also certain work surfaces, such as 2 IS and 22S, may have broach tool-way openings 2lT and 22'1". These openings allow a broaching tool to pass through the plane of the work surface as required in usual internal broaching operations.

Broaching tools are mounted on our machine by means of heads on work slides movably supported on the column 30. The column 30 base plurality of guideways, corresponding in number and position about the vertical axis of the column 30 with the number and location of the work surfaces. Each guideway extends substantiall the entire length of the column 30 so as to provide sliding support to the work slide for a considerable lineal extent.

Y The particular guideways shown in the drawings are generally indicated 3|, 32 and 33 respectively serving work supporting surfaces 2|, 22 and 23. The guideways are each similar in structure and accord with that commonly used in the prior art. They each have cooperating pairs of slide-backing shoe strips 34 and front capping strips 35 mounted in a channel 36 formed in the column. The strips 34 and 35 are accurately spaced to allow guides formed on a working slide to pass therebe'tween. The guideways extend substantially the entire length of the column 30.

We show the relation of the guideways to working slides in Fig. 3 of our drawings. There working slides 4|, 42 and 43, in work registering relation to work supporting surfaces ZIS, 22S and 238, are shown mounted in the guideways 31, 32 and 33. Each slide has a pair of guide ribs 44 slidably engagin the facing inner surfaces of strips and 35 in a manner well known in the art. Each slide is substantially as long as the column. By this provision each slide through its pair of guide ribs extensively engages its respective bearing strips 34 and 35 and thus resists any tendency to cock during broach working whether pushing or pulling the tool either up or down.

Each working slide carries a tool holder such as those indicated at 50 and 51. The tool holders are designed to be easily removed and remounted on the workingv slides. Thus, the tool holder 55, mounted on slide 42 for push up broaching, may be removed and ren'iounted for push down, like the holder 50 on slide 4!. So also the surface broach holder 5| on slide 43 may be replaced by one like that on slide 4!, as needs require.

By mounting a series of progressive broaching tools 'in the several holders on the slides or aplurality-of differenttype tools, that is internal and surface types, on such slides a variety of work can be produced. Work handling time and costs will be greatly reduced. Also there will be savings in space utilization'as well as eliminating the need for-owning separate machines to do each type of broaching. When the machine of our invention is tooled'for the same work at all stations, it can produce as fast as a battery of. three single machines can produce.

Theslides 'M, 42 and 43 are caused to reciprocaterelative to the work support surfaces, preferably, by hydraulic means. Most preferably, the slides are alloperated from a single hydraulic power means. Such means is provided by the cylinderBll and piston'filcennected by piping 52 througha control valve 63'to the pump I'4.

Cylinder 6B is mounted within the column 30 in vertical upstanding position. The cylinder has upper end and lower end ports by which oil under pressure may be introduced, first into one end while being Withdrawn from the other end, and subsequently into the other end while being withdrawn from the first mentioned end. The flow to each particular port is determined by operation of the valve 63, a four-way valve for the well known construction.

The pistonBl is double acting. When oil enters the upper port of cylinder 60, the piston moves downwardly. When, on the other hand, oil enters the lower port of the cylinder '60, the piston moves upwardly. The piston 6| has a rod 64 which extends vertically and axially relative to the column til. At the upper end of the rod 64 there is a cap or top plate 65 attached thereto by the nut 66.

The top plate 65 connects the slides 4|, 42 and 3 to the pistons. Such connection may be effected by means of a plurality of machine bolts El as shown. The bolts 57 extend through the edges of the top plate 55 and into the ends of the slides. By connecting the plurality of slides to the top plate in this described manner the slides are each braced against individual tilting or cooking, while subjected to the strain of workmg.

Thus, as the piston 6| reciprocates the slides, the tools carried thereby will move through their working strokes.

In order to control the time at which such working strokes occur, means is provided to control the operation of the valve 63. Also that such operation shall not endanger the operators, when a number of them are working at the machine during the same time, we provide means for operating the valve 53 which automatically locks against operation at each station and must be positively released before operation can be effected at any station. Said means includes a plurality of manually operable control levers and linkage preferably beneath the top wall it for connecting the control levers to each other and to a movable valve element in the valve 63.

The linkage shown partly diagrammatic in Fig. 4 is adapted for use on the machine of Fig. l. Essentially, the linkage includes a bell crank it pivotally connected at one of its arms to a movable valve element 7! of valve 63. The opposite arm of bell crank it is connected by link 13 to rock-lever E2. Rock-lever I2 is keyed to and supported by shaft 14 journaled in bearing 15 in the top wall :9 at a point within the area of working surface 22%. By rotating the shaft Hi, the lever l2 and bell crank 79 are rocked to move the valve element 1 i. Movement of the valve element "it in one direction connects one end of the cylinder 6b with the pump [4 to cause movement of the piston 8i and tool carrying slides in one direction. Movement of the valve element ii in the other direction connects the other end of the cylinder to the pump and causes return movement of the piston 6i and tool carrying slides.

in order to extend the control over the operation of the movable valve element TI to points convenient to operators at other stations, we pivotally connect a link 76 to a second rock-lever ii on shaft i l. The linkit pivotally connects with bell crank 78 mounted on and keyed to a shaft ii Shaft it, like shaft 14, extends upwardly through and journals in an opening in the top wall it within the area of work supporting surface Thus, by rotating shaft 19, as suming there is no restraint exerted to the rotation of the shaft t4, the valve element may be moved and controlled from a position convenient to the operator working at that station.

In addition we provide a link 80 connecting the bell crank E8 to the arm of a single arm rock-lever iii. Rock-lever BI is mounted on and keyed to a shaft 82. Shaft 32, like shafts 'i l and extends upwardly through and journals in an opening in the top surface IS in the area of work supporting surface 218. Thus, by rotating shaft the described sequence of links may be actuated to move the valve element H as previously explained from a position convenient to 6. the operator using the work supporting surface 218.

In order to rotate shafts 14, 19 and 82, we pro-- vide manually operable control levers 83. One of these namely the one connected to shaft 14, is shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings. The upper end of shaft 14 is connected to a turret or head 34. The head 8 may be slotted to provide a yoke within which the shank of the control lever 83 is placed. A pivot pin 85 extends through suitable openings in the head 84 and the shank of the lever 83 to pivotally connect the two. The lever has a convenient handle 86. Thus, by turning the lever 83 about the axis of its respectively connected shaft, the described links it, 16 and 80 connected with the valve element H are actuated.

To provide means automatically locking each lever 83 against operation, we provide an arcuate bearing block 99 adjacent each lever 33. The bearing block has a recess or notch 9! into which an end of the lever may enter. The block 90 is mounted in concentric relation to the head 8! so that the lever 50 rides over the block as the lever is rotated to change the position of the valve element H. The lever 83 is in alignment with the notch 9| when it occupies its midway or neutral position. Then the valve element H is positioned to connect the pump id to the sump i5 and the piston 6i retained against movement. Hence, by locating any one of the control levers 83 in engagement with the notch fit on its respective bearing block 90, the remaining levers 33 will be prevented from moving and the machine cannot be operated. This protects each operator from the dangers of one operator actuating the machine before all operators are ready and are standing clear.

We provide means, in the spring 93 housed in the head 84 and bearing against the lever 83, for urging the lever to enter the notch 91. This provides a degree of automatic check on operation of the several levers B3. In order to lock out the mentioned check, say at stations not being used or manned, we provide means for holding the levers 83, at the unmanned stations, against responding to the action of their respective spring 93. 'Such means is embodied in an insertable pin 95 which when positioned extends through registering openings 95 in the head 84 and engages the lever 83. The pin 94 holds the lever be against entering the notch 9!.

An auxiliary work table 96 may be used for up broaching operations. The table 96 is removably clamped, in a well known manner, to a work supporting surface at the station where up breaching is to be done.

Assuming the machine has been tooled as shown in Fig. l and is in the up position shown, operation continues by first loading work at the stations having work supporting surfaces ZIS and 293. As each operator at these stations completes his task of placing the work in position, he will try to shift the lever 83 at his station. Being unable to do so because of the check on operation exercised by the lever 83 engaging notch 9! at the other station, the operator will depress the lever 83 at his station and manually retain it so. Then when the other operator has completed loading at his station he, too, will depress the lever 83 at his station. Assuming the levers 8-3 at the stations having work supporting surfaces HS and 223 are being held depressed by the operators there, all levers 83 are free and the linkage may be operated to move the element H of valve 63 causing oil under pressure to enter the upper end port of the cylinder 60. This moves the piston 6| and the slides perform a working stroke at the stations having work surfaces ZIS and 23S.

Now the operator at the station having work supporting surface 228 may load work and chuck the broach tool in head 50 through opening 25 at his station, in preparation for up stroke broaching being done at his station. If desired the operator at 238 station may unload but the operator at 2I'S must unload the finished work, the tool at his station having unchucked from head 50. The free tool is retrieved through opening 25 from below the top surface l9. When the operator at the 22S station has loaded work and stands clear, he moves the lever 83" at his station in a direction toward actuating the valve element 1! to connect the pump with the lower end port of the cylinder 60. In thus moving the lever the links cause all remaining levers 83 tomove in the course of which each passes over the notch 9! in the bearing block at each sta-' tion. If the operators there do not depress their respective levers 83' to clear the notch 91, the further movement of the linkage is resisted and the valve element H held in neutral position. By this arrangement the attention and consequent safety of all the operators at the other stations is insured. V

Assuming now that they have all depressed the levers 83 at their stations, the operator at the22S station continues to move the lever 83 at his station untilhydraulic connection is made between'the' pump andthe lower port of the cylinder. Then'the'piston'and slides move upwardly. This completes'the work at station 228 and enables-new loadings to be eifected at the other stations. From then forward new cycles repeat .as before.

If it is desired to operate the machine from a. single station as when one tool only is'to be actuated, we use the pins 94 to lock out the levers 33 at thestations not in use, as was eX-' 'plained.

Hence, our mamine has manifest adaptability and produces great savings in broach operations and machine costs.

While we have illustrated and described the best form of our invention now knownto us, as requiredby'the statutes, those skilled in the art will readily understand that changes may be made in the disclosed construction without departing from the spirit of our invention as'set forth in the appended claims.

We claim: 1. A vertical breaching machine having a pedestal base with a horizontal upper end surface,

said upper end surface of the pedestal base having at least three edges, two of which are opposite and parallel to each other and the third intermediate and normal the mentioned two edges, a column in normal relation to said surface and upstanding therefrom at points approximately equally spaced inwardly ofthe mentioned edges whereby-the areas of said surface between said edges and column provide three Work stations not in line, the column having a plurality of lateral faces in alignment each with one of said working stations; each lateral face having a slideway; a plurality of slides; each slide in slidable engagement with one of said slideways and adapted to be guided in'reciprocation to and'from said workingstations; a tool connector on each slideadapted to removably engage and support a broach tool; and actuatable means in operative connection with each slide adapted to reciprocate each slide relative to its work station whereby a multiple of broaching operations may be effected around said column and on the floor space area occupied by said pedestal base.

2. A vertical broaching machine having a pedestal base with a horizontal upper end surface; a column in normal relation to said surface and upstanding therefrom at points spaced inwardly from a plurality of edges thereof and providing in the areas of the surface between the column and said edges a plurality of separate working stations at different quarterings about the column; the column having a plurality of lateral faces in alignment each with one of said working stations, each lateral face having a slideway; a plurality of slides; each slide in slidable engagement with one of said slideways and adapted to be guided in reciprocation to and from said working stations; a tool connector on each slide adapted to removably engage and support a broach tool; actuatable means in operative connection with each slide adapted to reciprocate each slide relative to its Work station whereby a multiple of broachin operations may be efiected around said column and on the floor space area occupied by said pedestal base, interconnected movable means at each station for actuating said actuatable means and including a manually releasable element normally resistant to movement of said movable means to actuate the actuatable means.

3. The vertical broaching machine described in claim 1 in which said actuatable means comprises a hydraulic cylinder and piston, a fluid pump, a source of fluid, conduits connecting the source of fluid to the pump, other conduits connecting the pump and the source of fluid to the cylinder, a valve in the line of said other conduits operable when in one position to connect the pump with the cylinder and the cylinder with the source of fluid and when in another position to connect the pump with the source of fluid and a manually operable lever at each station operatively connected to each other and to the valve and adapted to move the valve.

4. The vertical breaching machine described in claim'3 having in addition a guide block at each station in sliding engagement with said manually operable lever thereat, each guide block having a notch adapted to receive the lever as it moves in sliding engagement with the block and comes to a position moving the valve to connect the pump to the source of fluid.

5 The vertical breaching machine described in claim 4 having in addition resilient means an gaging each lever biasing the lever to enter said notch.

6 The vertical broaching machine described in claim 5 having in addition a movable part at each station operable to engage the lever at said station and retain the same against responding to said resilient means and entering said notch.

ELMER J. LAPOINTE. FRANCIS J. LAPOINTE.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,958,501 Thompson May 15, 1934 2,190,642 Ferris Feb. 20, 1940 2,307,228 Monroe Jan. 5, 1943 2,507,581 Waters et a1 May 16. 1950

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