US2629587A - Apparatus for conditioning air - Google Patents

Apparatus for conditioning air Download PDF

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Publication number
US2629587A
US2629587A US79687A US7968749A US2629587A US 2629587 A US2629587 A US 2629587A US 79687 A US79687 A US 79687A US 7968749 A US7968749 A US 7968749A US 2629587 A US2629587 A US 2629587A
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air
absorbent
moisture
cooling
lter
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US79687A
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Henry G Tignor
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification

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  • This invention relates to method and apparatus for conditioning air by varying the humidity and temperature thereof.
  • the present invention is directed to a novel method and apparatus whereby the moisa ture in the air is utilized to dampen a surface such as an absorbent iilter, past which air is directed so that evaporation which takes place absorbs heat from the air and cools it.
  • a certain amount of dehumidiiying action will take place in View of the fact that the amount of moisture which is returned to the air by evaporation is smaller than the amount of moisture condensed out, as evaporation occurs at a lower rate than that at which the moisture is extracted from the air.
  • the present invention provides an arrangement wherein condensate from circulated air is utilized to maintain an absorbent filter layer in a damp condition, the conjoint cooling action and the evaporation of the condensate from the absorbent material serving to control the relative humidity.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved method and apparatus for conditioning air.
  • a further object is to provide a method and apparatus, generally outlined above, which will be simple, inexpensive to manufacture, and will require a minimum of space.
  • Figure l is a perspective view of an air conditioning apparatus made in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view on line 2f-2 of Figure l, a portion of the non-absorbent lilter being broken away to show the arrangement of the cooling coils and the absorbent material;
  • Figure -3 is 'a horizontal section on line 3 3 of Figure 2.
  • An embodiment of the present invention shown for the purpose of illustration comprises a boxlike structure l which is preferably made lof sheet iron construction. It will be readily apparent ⁇ to those skilled in the art how such a unit could be fabricated and therefore it is not believed necessary to enlarge upon the method of construction. It will be readily understood that vif desired the unit could also be constructed of Wood. The essential 'features of the construction are that the unit be provided with open sides so that the air can be passed through it. The unit as shown has a solid top 3 and bottom 4, the two sides and the rear end being open. It will be readily understood that if desired the air could be 'passed through only one side or the rear end providing the area was great enough to accommodate the flow of air.
  • An opening 5 in the rear end and openings l0 and I5 in the respective sides are spanned by a suitable open mesh screen i5 which is 'adapted to be secured in any suitable manner to the frame of the unit.
  • This arrangement is clearly shown in Figure 3.
  • an absorbent lter 1 is provided. Adjacent the absorbent 'lter 'l a dat serpentine cooling coil 8 is lo cated.
  • this coil would preferably be made of material having high heat conductivity and be in very intimate contact with the absorbent filter l because as will be explained later, it is contemplated that a cooling medium be circulated through the coils to cool them and the primary purpose of the cooling coils is to cool the air and/or extract moisture therefrom which is absorbed by the absorbent lter 1.
  • a non-absorbent filter layer 9 is disposed. The primary purpose of this latter filter is to remove dirt and excessive moisture from the air.
  • the front of the unit is provided with an opening in which is mounted a suitable circulating fan I2, the purpose of which is to draw the air in through the filtering layers and out through the front of the unit.
  • a suitable circulating fan I2 the purpose of which is to draw the air in through the filtering layers and out through the front of the unit.
  • this fan would be driven by a suitable electric motor energized from the conventional power sources.
  • the cooling coils 8 are provided with an inlet pipe I4 and an outlet I6, the inlet adapted to be connected with any suitable source of cold water and the outlet being adapted to connect to any suitable drainage system, or if desired, the outlet may be recirculated in accordance with conventional practice, using a well or cooling tower.
  • a suitable branch pipe I'I connected to the cold water inlet I4 is connected with a suitable pipe which is arranged just above the upper edge of the absorbent lters 'I and is provided with very small perforations to supply a spray of water when it is desired to supply additional humidity to the air when and if conditions so demand. It will be readily understood that ordinarily the water spray would be used only when the relative humidity is extremely low.
  • a suitable valve I8 is provided in order to control the ow of water into this branch pipe.
  • the valve I9 is provided between the inlet I4 and the cooling coils 8 in the event it is necessary to drain the pipes in cold weather.
  • the invention is not limited to any specic type of absorbent or non-absorbent lter material.
  • the only requirement is that the material have absorbent characteristics so that by reason of its intimate contact with the cooling coils 8 it will temporarily soak up and then permit the condensate deposited thereon to evaporate as the air Bows through the filters and over the cooling coils.
  • the cooling coils would be intimately embedded in the absorbent lter layer.
  • the present invention provides a novel method for conditioning air by which the entrapped moisture in the air is extracted therefrom and is thereafter returned to the continuously circulated air at a controlled rate for the purpose of controlling the temperature and humidity of the air, a part of the moisture being evaporated into the external air; that is, external to the enclosure being air-conditioned.
  • the airconditioning unit I is adapted to be placed in an open Window or any other opening between the outside air and an enclosure in such a manner that the outside air is drawn in through the open sides through the lter layers and past the cooling coils and is delivered by the fan to the enclosure in which it is desired to have air conditioning.
  • Air conditioning apparatus comprising a box-like housing having openings therein through which air may circulate, foraminous moistureabsorbent material readily pervious to flow of air therethrough disposed incident to the circulating air in said housing, cooling coils associated in intimate contact with said foraminous material to extract moisture from the circulated air and wet the absorbent material in contact therewith, and means for circulating air through said foraminous material and around said cooling means.
  • Air conditioning apparatus comprising a box-like housing having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, laminated air conditioning means in one of said openings, said air conditioning means comprising an outer layer of absorbent material disposed incident to the flow of air and which is pervious to the now of air, cooling coils associated in intimate contact with said absorbent material and an inner layer of non-absorbent material and means for circulating air through said inlet and said outlet.
  • Air-conditioning apparatus comprising a box-like housing having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, an absorbent nlter, cooling means in intimate contact with said lter for condensing moisture out of air passed through said filter and means for spraying water from an external source on said lter, whereby air passed through said filter may be conditioned by its intimate contact with said absorbent filter which is wetted by the moisture extracted from the owing air and by moisture supplied from an external source to said absorbent filter.
  • Air-conditioning apparatus comprising a support having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, said inlet opening having an area pervious to the ow of air, a cooling surface for condensing moisture out of air passed through said area, a layer of absorbent filter material on the inlet side of said area and in intimate contact with said cooling surface whereby it will absorb moisture extracted from air owing through said area, and means for spraying water from an external source on to said absorbent lter material, whereby air may be conditioned by its intimate contact with said absorbent lter material which is wetted by the moisture extracted from the ilowing air and by moisture supplied from the external source.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)

Description

Feb. 24, 1953 H. G. TlGNoR APPARATUS F'OR CONDITIONING AIR Filed March 4, 1949 COLD WATER /NLETF/7 ...n-alain.
"nui
Patented Feb. 24, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 4 Claims.
This invention relates to method and apparatus for conditioning air by varying the humidity and temperature thereof.
Heretofore it has been common practice to cool and/or dehumidiiy air by passing the air over cooled surfaces. The dehumidifying action may be accentuated by holding the temperature of the surface below the dew point of the air so that the moisture in the air will be condensed and extracted therefrom. if the cooling surface is above the dew point, dehumidiiying action, of course, would be very slight and primarily only cooling of the air would take place. Also, variations of the above have been known in the prior art such as by introducing a controlled amount of moisture into the air so that by evaporation a certain amount of heat is extracted from the air, thereby cooling the latter. This method has been used also in combination with cooling and dehumidifying by condensing the moisture out of the air.
The present invention, however, is directed to a novel method and apparatus whereby the moisa ture in the air is utilized to dampen a surface such as an absorbent iilter, past which air is directed so that evaporation which takes place absorbs heat from the air and cools it. A certain amount of dehumidiiying action will take place in View of the fact that the amount of moisture which is returned to the air by evaporation is smaller than the amount of moisture condensed out, as evaporation occurs at a lower rate than that at which the moisture is extracted from the air. Specifically, the present invention provides an arrangement wherein condensate from circulated air is utilized to maintain an absorbent filter layer in a damp condition, the conjoint cooling action and the evaporation of the condensate from the absorbent material serving to control the relative humidity.
Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved method and apparatus for conditioning air.
A further object is to provide a method and apparatus, generally outlined above, which will be simple, inexpensive to manufacture, and will require a minimum of space.
Other and further objects will become readily apparent from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, illustrating an embodiment of the invention, and in which:
Figure l is a perspective view of an air conditioning apparatus made in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view on line 2f-2 of Figure l, a portion of the non-absorbent lilter being broken away to show the arrangement of the cooling coils and the absorbent material; and
Figure -3 is 'a horizontal section on line 3 3 of Figure 2.
An embodiment of the present invention shown for the purpose of illustration comprises a boxlike structure l which is preferably made lof sheet iron construction. It will be readily apparent `to those skilled in the art how such a unit could be fabricated and therefore it is not believed necessary to enlarge upon the method of construction. It will be readily understood that vif desired the unit could also be constructed of Wood. The essential 'features of the construction are that the unit be provided with open sides so that the air can be passed through it. The unit as shown has a solid top 3 and bottom 4, the two sides and the rear end being open. It will be readily understood that if desired the air could be 'passed through only one side or the rear end providing the area was great enough to accommodate the flow of air.
An opening 5 in the rear end and openings l0 and I5 in the respective sides are spanned by a suitable open mesh screen i5 which is 'adapted to be secured in any suitable manner to the frame of the unit. This arrangement is clearly shown in Figure 3. Just inside' of the screen 6 an absorbent lter 1 is provided. Adjacent the absorbent 'lter 'l a dat serpentine cooling coil 8 is lo cated. ln actual practice this coil would preferably be made of material having high heat conductivity and be in very intimate contact with the absorbent filter l because as will be explained later, it is contemplated that a cooling medium be circulated through the coils to cool them and the primary purpose of the cooling coils is to cool the air and/or extract moisture therefrom which is absorbed by the absorbent lter 1. Just inside of the cooling coil 8 a non-absorbent filter layer 9 is disposed. The primary purpose of this latter filter is to remove dirt and excessive moisture from the air. It will be readily understood that the unit will accomplish the primary object of the invention without the use of the non-absorbent lters 9 although it is preferred to use these -so that the velocity of air through the absorbent iilter 1 and the cooling coils will be re duced in order to give suflicient time for the necessary heat exchange to take place.
As clearly shown in Figures 2 and 3, the front of the unit is provided with an opening in which is mounted a suitable circulating fan I2, the purpose of which is to draw the air in through the filtering layers and out through the front of the unit. As would be the usual practice, this fan would be driven by a suitable electric motor energized from the conventional power sources.
The cooling coils 8 are provided with an inlet pipe I4 and an outlet I6, the inlet adapted to be connected with any suitable source of cold water and the outlet being adapted to connect to any suitable drainage system, or if desired, the outlet may be recirculated in accordance with conventional practice, using a well or cooling tower. A suitable branch pipe I'I connected to the cold water inlet I4 is connected with a suitable pipe which is arranged just above the upper edge of the absorbent lters 'I and is provided with very small perforations to supply a spray of water when it is desired to supply additional humidity to the air when and if conditions so demand. It will be readily understood that ordinarily the water spray would be used only when the relative humidity is extremely low. In order to control the ow of water into this branch pipe, a suitable valve I8 is provided. Also, the valve I9 is provided between the inlet I4 and the cooling coils 8 in the event it is necessary to drain the pipes in cold weather.
The invention is not limited to any specic type of absorbent or non-absorbent lter material. The only requirement is that the material have absorbent characteristics so that by reason of its intimate contact with the cooling coils 8 it will temporarily soak up and then permit the condensate deposited thereon to evaporate as the air Bows through the filters and over the cooling coils. Preferably the cooling coils would be intimately embedded in the absorbent lter layer.
It will be readily apparent from the above description that the present invention provides a novel method for conditioning air by which the entrapped moisture in the air is extracted therefrom and is thereafter returned to the continuously circulated air at a controlled rate for the purpose of controlling the temperature and humidity of the air, a part of the moisture being evaporated into the external air; that is, external to the enclosure being air-conditioned. The airconditioning unit I is adapted to be placed in an open Window or any other opening between the outside air and an enclosure in such a manner that the outside air is drawn in through the open sides through the lter layers and past the cooling coils and is delivered by the fan to the enclosure in which it is desired to have air conditioning.
Although the invention has been described in considerable detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many variations are possible without departing from the inventive concept. It is therefore desired that the invention not be limited except insofar as may be necessary by the prior art and by the appended claims.
What is claimed is: v
1. Air conditioning apparatus comprising a box-like housing having openings therein through which air may circulate, foraminous moistureabsorbent material readily pervious to flow of air therethrough disposed incident to the circulating air in said housing, cooling coils associated in intimate contact with said foraminous material to extract moisture from the circulated air and wet the absorbent material in contact therewith, and means for circulating air through said foraminous material and around said cooling means.
2. Air conditioning apparatus comprising a box-like housing having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, laminated air conditioning means in one of said openings, said air conditioning means comprising an outer layer of absorbent material disposed incident to the flow of air and which is pervious to the now of air, cooling coils associated in intimate contact with said absorbent material and an inner layer of non-absorbent material and means for circulating air through said inlet and said outlet.
3. Air-conditioning apparatus comprising a box-like housing having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, an absorbent nlter, cooling means in intimate contact with said lter for condensing moisture out of air passed through said filter and means for spraying water from an external source on said lter, whereby air passed through said filter may be conditioned by its intimate contact with said absorbent filter which is wetted by the moisture extracted from the owing air and by moisture supplied from an external source to said absorbent filter.
4. Air-conditioning apparatus comprising a support having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, said inlet opening having an area pervious to the ow of air, a cooling surface for condensing moisture out of air passed through said area, a layer of absorbent filter material on the inlet side of said area and in intimate contact with said cooling surface whereby it will absorb moisture extracted from air owing through said area, and means for spraying water from an external source on to said absorbent lter material, whereby air may be conditioned by its intimate contact with said absorbent lter material which is wetted by the moisture extracted from the ilowing air and by moisture supplied from the external source.
HENRY G. TIGNOR.
f le of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,017,027 Forrest Oct. 8, 1935 2,090,287 Cornelius Aug. 17, 1937 2,187,470 Collins Jan. 16, 1940 2,237,497 Munford Apr. 8, 1941 2,251,649 Wichmann Aug. 5, 1941 2,375,069 Bennett et al May 1, 1945 2,382,502 Philipp Aug. 14, 1945 2,556,250 Bauman June 12, 1951
US79687A 1949-03-04 1949-03-04 Apparatus for conditioning air Expired - Lifetime US2629587A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990696A (en) * 1957-09-13 1961-07-04 Stewart Warner Corp Evaporative heat exchanger
US3116612A (en) * 1962-01-02 1964-01-07 Mclaughlin John J Air conditioning by evaporative pad means
US3217470A (en) * 1963-09-03 1965-11-16 Gen Electric Air purifier construction
US3224169A (en) * 1962-12-26 1965-12-21 Union Carbide Corp Adsorption-type dehumidifier
US3412530A (en) * 1967-02-06 1968-11-26 George H. Cardiff Electrostatic air filter structure
US4130111A (en) * 1977-04-21 1978-12-19 Ristic Cedomir B Ventilating system
EP0460969A3 (en) * 1990-06-08 1992-11-19 Thermal Engineering Systems Limited Cooling apparatus and method

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2017027A (en) * 1931-08-19 1935-10-08 Henry O Forrest Method of air conditioning
US2090287A (en) * 1931-05-12 1937-08-17 Frank H Cornelius Air conditioning apparatus and method
US2187470A (en) * 1937-01-16 1940-01-16 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2237497A (en) * 1939-09-14 1941-04-08 Munford William Taylor Air conditioner for automobiles
US2251649A (en) * 1939-01-24 1941-08-05 John C Wichmann Air conditioning dehumidifier
US2375069A (en) * 1942-07-03 1945-05-01 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Apparatus for drying air
US2382502A (en) * 1939-06-19 1945-08-14 Nash Kelvinator Corp Air conditioning apparatus
US2556250A (en) * 1946-07-31 1951-06-12 Texas Ice & Refrigerating Co Apparatus for drying hygroscopic liquids

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2090287A (en) * 1931-05-12 1937-08-17 Frank H Cornelius Air conditioning apparatus and method
US2017027A (en) * 1931-08-19 1935-10-08 Henry O Forrest Method of air conditioning
US2187470A (en) * 1937-01-16 1940-01-16 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2251649A (en) * 1939-01-24 1941-08-05 John C Wichmann Air conditioning dehumidifier
US2382502A (en) * 1939-06-19 1945-08-14 Nash Kelvinator Corp Air conditioning apparatus
US2237497A (en) * 1939-09-14 1941-04-08 Munford William Taylor Air conditioner for automobiles
US2375069A (en) * 1942-07-03 1945-05-01 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Apparatus for drying air
US2556250A (en) * 1946-07-31 1951-06-12 Texas Ice & Refrigerating Co Apparatus for drying hygroscopic liquids

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990696A (en) * 1957-09-13 1961-07-04 Stewart Warner Corp Evaporative heat exchanger
US3116612A (en) * 1962-01-02 1964-01-07 Mclaughlin John J Air conditioning by evaporative pad means
US3224169A (en) * 1962-12-26 1965-12-21 Union Carbide Corp Adsorption-type dehumidifier
US3217470A (en) * 1963-09-03 1965-11-16 Gen Electric Air purifier construction
US3412530A (en) * 1967-02-06 1968-11-26 George H. Cardiff Electrostatic air filter structure
US4130111A (en) * 1977-04-21 1978-12-19 Ristic Cedomir B Ventilating system
EP0460969A3 (en) * 1990-06-08 1992-11-19 Thermal Engineering Systems Limited Cooling apparatus and method

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