US262111A - Thermo-electric battery - Google Patents

Description

A.'PATT EEEEE THERMO E TTTTTTTTTTTTTT Y.

Wlg E 5 E55 @Najaar @nieren srnrns ilnzggeur @Fries ANDREW ATTERSON, OF IDLEWOOD, PENNSYLVANA.

Tigl EHi'iliOLCTRi BATTERY.

PEGFTXN forming part of Lettere .Patent llo. 282,11 1. dated August- 1. 1882,

ppication filed Mayo, 18812. (No model.)

To all whom it may cof/cernyl Be :it known that LAnDn'EWPAT'rEnsoN citizen oi the United Sta-tes, residing at Idlewood, in Allegheny county., lSinto oiPennsyL Yeniinhheve invented certain new und useful improvements in the Construction of Thermo Electric Batteries; und l hereby declare that the following is a lull, clear, and exact description of my invention, that will enable others skilled in the nrt to which it appertains to maire end use the same.

it is weil known that in xneny enses 'the thermoeleetrie souples in ordinary use are variously eii'ected both as to the course und forse of their current oy a variation of the terunernture applied to the junotion and also hy the nomination of u higher temperature to one or the other element oi' the couple.

rhe ohjeetof myinvontion is to ohriate these irregularities of notion, and to secure other udrnntfrges to he hereinafter specified.

ln innirinif rny improved couples, instead of ihe ordinary iengilnudinal plates und hers heretofore used, use n compact inn-ss oi' material vfor one or both elements, und, instead oi' nppiy* ing the heen directly or equally to both elements at the junction, l apply the hentdirectly to one element only, the other being hented by conduction across thojunct-ion. ilnvinfgin any given cese determined hy experiment which one of any two substances associated ns a thermo electric couple should hure the higher einperntiiu'e to give the xnost energetic our rent, l innho thnt one. (which for the purpose of identilientimi in the further description of my invention l eil-.ll the lirst'7 element) ot' n, Compact forni-say n onlie, n short Cylinder, or any other convenient ier|n-so that the heilt received hf; it shall have the least prnellonl'ole irny oi' escupe except across the junotienv to the other element, which I will cull the "second77 element. l thus designare the separate members of the couple :is the "l llrstnund seoond elements, und not the positive und negative elements, for the reason that i wish refer to then: in their rolnion to the reception of heu-z und not in their relation to the direetion oiihecurrent, ior it. iswell known that 'ine th ino-electric current may i'roni the icss to the more heated element, although :is

a. rule, other things heini',r equnlfit will he from the more to the less heated nienihermeleinent of the couple. The second element l malte of equal or larger section, end usnnlly of considerehiy grenterleugth, than the lrst, so that it (the second) may freely conduetand radinto all the heat it receives from the rst, and thus maintain the largest and most constant flow of heut across thejunction. l then join the first element to one end of the second, und oy :i sniteble eonductingwvire from the first element to the extreme end ol the second I oomplete'tho electr-ie circuit, as shouii in the drawings, in which the figures severally show sections oi' various forms and nrodientions oi' my iinproved battery, and in `which the suine letters refer to the same parts in ell ihe figures, A he ing what l terni the l first clement :ind l he. ing the second elementol' the couple. C is n oonductingwvire. D is n supplemental heatvconductor and radiator, to he joined to l, for reasons to oe fully stnted. E is n refractory insnlatingenvelope to protest the native paris fronioxidation and to retain them in position. F is e supplemental heat-conductor, joined to A under conditions and for reasons to hei illy stnted. To set such n couple in action the necessary degree oi' heut is applied 'to the oxterno end ot' A, und, passing through its suhstnncc, it (the heat) is transferred across the junction to B, giving,r rise to the therinooleotric current.

'When for anyrenson,economic or otherwise, ,itinny he desirable to use l'or the second element a less quantity oi' material than will he Sulicieut to freely conduct und eliminate the heat received from the first', l make the seeond element of dimensions siznilnrto the lirsi',

hut Supplement its lessened radiating cnpuciiy hyasupplenientnloonduotornndrzuiintorjoincd to it,(seo D in Figures 2, 3, endl-Q which muy he ot' a. less expensive or more convenientlyl usable iiniterinl. 1When found desirnhle, n dditionnl eapncity for elirninuting,v lient may he given to the seoondelement by any convoi ient inode of urtilitinl refrigeration, ns hy the application of wzl-ter to its surface; or it muy he inadeiu the foi'm oi' u rcceptnolo ioconmin water to he evaporated from within it,

l, yWhen either or both elements of myoounle -tlmb Bmtlio arge of materials, that will ne njnmd by @lio heat envelop one rjnotll, o? no mnoi an may he neeessary to protect them, in n renobory non-conducting envoiope, as is described in my Patent No. 25.5855, issneil to mo April 4, 1882, for improvement in thermo-gloom@ Dateries. Ein Figs.2,3, and d in such an envelopo. It will, however, be favoring tho elimination of heat in mont @anos second oieniontmoi' ils supple zneua'l radiator D, Figs. 2, 3, and 4f, shall be not covered by the envelope; and as the use of snob cnvelopo, as shownin Fig. 2, may unduly inter'm with the sensitivnness ot' the apparatus, zspvoinliy when low tomperatnres are to be employed, it is desirable in :auch cases, if the nompnsillon of in@ first element, A, will permit, that its extreme end glial) pmject throng-l1 the envelope, so as to receive tho direct action of the lient. (See Fig. 3 in the drawings.) 'When the limi; olemenccnnno'ubo safvly so xpnsmi, and il, is desired to have lie greatest sensibility to the eonh of heat, il join t0 lhoexrcnioond ofA tliesupplemenml heatcondnctor l", Fig. 4, of a, more mansioni nifl-xml, to extend. through the envelope into or toward the source of heat.

Il; will of course be understood that ibase couples um to be associatofl in series or batteries ns other electric couples are fissncatml.

In making my improved couples of various materials I have found good rosnlts with nr found advantageous no.'

'nonivan tages of this modo o oonsrnning thermo-@leonie onnpls am greater cerlointy as to the flirention and 'forno of lle onrmn nn der wil-domingos ol' pozitnro, acertnin msnm my nl spiace., nml, i the materinln 'to bo for elio native parsnifn expensivn, very econnmy imprime cost may be ,sonnxexl Having tlm@ :lescxiboll my invenion and Smefl its arzmtagcs, what I daim as nf my invention, and desire Samir@ ingr bottom Patent, is-m l.'4 The combination, as a thermo decirlo Conple, oi" tvo oompa@ mannen of" dissimilar thermo electrically anni table subslincon, Amid E, arranged to havn the lient npplie lirnnly to one of 'Mmm :mil by conduction amos@ the junction in tho oxol, as lesen-ibm :and sli-own.

2, in com binion willi the said @laments A and B, the snpplenzenml hent-nonduoors D and F, as :mel fur in@ purpose npeoiod,

3. ln combinalion with said eements. B, the envelop@ E, paitiallyinclosing said ele ments, and fos. the purpose, spece'.

Gino. M. Monuc, Bow/LRE JAY ALLEN.,

Images