US2594299A - Group of nozzles for treating material - Google Patents

Description

April 29; 1952 J., DUNG-LER GROUP OF NOZZLES FOR TREATING MATERIAL 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 Filed June 25, 1947 I 1 .u w

Fig. 2

' INVEA/ 7'0)? 004 IE .Dwvaz 5/? W Jim Filed June 25, 1947 J. DUNGLER 2,594,299

GROUP OF NOZZLES FOR TREATING MATERIAL 2 SHEETSISHEET 2 Fl 3 b 1 3 L 10 l A ril 29, 1952 INl/EA/IO Q JUL IEN @U/V'Giffi IMW Patented Apr. 29, 1952 9 OFFICE GROUP OF NOZZLES FOR TREATING MATERIAL Julien Dungler, Basel, Switzerland Application June 25, 1947, Serial No. 756,876

In France April 22, 1947 The invention relates to apparatus used for various treatments of products by means of air, steam or other gaseous fluid, for example, apparatus for drying cloth, textiles in form of waste, yarn or hanks, paper and other cellulose materials, apparatus for conditioning textiles as by carbonization, steaming or deglossing, polymerization of coatings or impregnants and drying of foods or-other products.

The invention concerns apparatus'of the type above referred to comprising at least one group of spaced nozzle members through the orifices of which the active fluid (hot or cold air, saturated or superheated water steam, vapors, etc.) is forced under pressure to impinge upon the product to be treated, the intermediate spaces defined by the walls of adjacent or successive nozzle 'members forming exhaust passages or canals which, in the case of an apparatus for the treatment of continuously moving sheet material, extend transversely to the path of travel of the material and serve to remove the spent fluid with the aid of a partial vacuum (subatmospheric pressure) created therein.

Heretofore it'has been the practice to provide considerable spacing between these orifices and the surface of the material'to be treated, it having been believed necessary to rather distribute the discharged fluid over such surface. This practice, however, results in the formation of cushions of air or spent fluid (e. g. moistureladen air) adjacent the surface of the material under treatment, which cushions markedly reduce the efficiency of the active fluid and of the apparatus.

The purpose of the invention is to provide maximum efficiency in apparatus of this type, i. e. to enable, by means of a group of blowing nozzlemembers extending, opposite the treated product, over a given area, the highest output to be obtained while reducing to a minimum their consumption of treating fluid and of the power required for the circulation thereof.

It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide means reducing to a minimum the consumption of treating fluid and the power required for the circulation of the fluid, and further means increasing the efliciency of the apparatus by avoiding the formation of air or spent-fluid cushions, as well as of eddy currents.

Still another object of the present invention .is to provide means avoiding the formation of air or vapor cushions between the openings of the discharge nozzles and the material or product to be treated or dried, whereby a uniform treat- 9 Claims. (Cl. 34-160) ment of the latter is obtained without disturbances usually occurring between the zones of fluid discharge and the zones of exhaust or evacuation of the spent treatment fluid.

It has further been found that there exists a significant relationship between the cross-section of the exhaust channels, measured transversely to the surface of treatment, and that of the discharge orifices, measured at each nozzle end wall, and that the ratio between these crosssections ought to fall between predetermined limits in order to accomplish quick removal of the spent fluid and to render the aforementioned proportionate relationship of the parts of the passageways fully effective to result in the desired high degree of efficiency. Y

Accordingly, it is a further object of the present invention to provide means contributing to the establishment of a suitable ratio between the cross-sections referred to in order to improve the performance of the apparatus as compared with conventional arrangements.

As a result of repeated tests, I was able to prove that it is not sufficient to take into consideration solely, as has been done heretofore, the crosssection to be given to the outlet or orifices of the nozzle-members for projecting the active fluid on to the material to be treated, but that two other factors are important for obtaining maximum efficiency, viz. on the one hand the distance between the plane of the material to be treated and that of said orifices, which has to be calculated in accordance with the discharge end or area of each of said orifices, and on the other hand the vertical cross-section of the exhaust passage or intermediate canal provided between two successive nozzle-members, which should be so calculated as to ensure quick removal of the fluid after it has acted on the treated product.

The improvements according to the invention precisely relate to the rational calculation of the two essential factors hereinbefore referred to; they are characterized in that:

1. On the one hand, the distance between the plane of the product to be treated and the end. faces of the orifices for the active fluid is so chosen as to be smaller than, or at the most equal to, ten times the ratio between the sum of the cross-sections of the respective end faces of the orifies of one and the same nozzle-member and the useful length of said nozzle-member, i, e. the length of the portion of the nozzle-member in which the orifices are provided, and on the other hand the sum of the vertical cross-sections of all the outlet or exhaust passages or canals located between the blowing nozzle-members of the same group is so chosen as to be at least equal to twice the sum of the cross-sections of the end faces of the orifices of all of said nozzle-members,

2. Preferably, the distance between the plane of the path of travel of the material to be treated and thatof the end faces of the orifices is chosen equal to double the ratio between the sum of the cross-sections of the end faces of the blowing orifices of one and the same nozzle-member and the useful length of said nozzle-member.

3. Preferably, the ratio between the sum of the vertical cross-sections of all the channels or outlet passages and the sum of the cross-sections. of the end faces of the orifices of all the nozzle-members is chosen greater than, or at;leastiequal to. five.

The invention will be more clearly understood by means of the ensuing. description of an embodiment which is given by way of example and is diagrammatically illustrated in the accompanying drawings,- in which:

Fig: 11s a schematic view, partly in front elevation and partly in section, of-a cloth drying machine which is provided with an upper group and with a lower group of blowing nozzlemembers defining thepath in which the cloth moves.

Fig.- 2 shows, on a larger-scale, a transverse verticalsection'of two nozzle-members of the upper group'with' an intermediate-canal or outlet passage.

Fig. MS a bottom plan view of theblowing oriflees-of said nozzle-members and intermediate canals; and

Fig. 4 is a view similarto that of Fig. 2, relating toga particular structure.-

In' these drawings, numeral I designates the wallsoi' "the insulating chamber containing the drier which comprises two groups of blowing nozzle- members 3, 3 working independently of one another, one being located above the plane of the-path of travel of theproduct or material 2 to -be treated, cloth for example, and the other thereb'elow.

The blowing nozzle-members or nozzle means 3 and 3 of the two groups, which are located insidethe-chamber I and extend transversely with respect to the direction of travel of the cloth 2, are placed opposite one another and a short distance apart, so as to provide between them a sufiicient passage for the cloth 2 which is introduced into the chamber at 4, leaves same at 5 and moves continuously at completely open width, the orifices or passageways of said nozzle-members, which extendover the entire width of the cloth 2, opening immediately adjacent said cloth and thus act directly in angular direction on same.

6 and 6' are casings inside which are placed heaters 1-1 which supply their respective nozzle-members 3 and 3' with hot compressed air or other fluid delivered by fans or blowers 8 and 8 provided with suction funnels 9 and 9' opening inside the chamber I.

In the ensuing description, reference will be made only to the upper nozzle-members 3, in order to dispense with the description of the lower nozzle members, it being of course understood that the improvements which are about to be described also apply to the lower nozzle-members 3. It is obvious that the drier-may only be provided with a single group, or battery, of blowing nozzlemembers, for example, only the upper battery.

Each of the nozzle-members 3 is provided, at its lower end, with orifices which, in the example this particular case:

'4 illustrated, comprise two parallel longitudinal slots or passageways I0 and I I provided in the end wall or extremity 3a of the nozzle-member. The hot fluid discharged through the slots I0 and II by the forcing action of the fan 8, streams out, after havin become charged with moisture in contact with the cloth 2, through the horizontal outlet passage or channel means I2 formed between walls 30, 3d of the adjacent nozzle means 3, 3 which walls are joined together at the extremity 32), said channel means I2 having a partial vacuum created therein by the suction of the same fan 8.

Let the following designations be assumed:

S=total vertical area between nozzle members S-1=sum-of nozzle slot areas of one nozzle S2=useful vertical area of an obstructed outlet between two nozzles n1=number of nozzle members nz=number of outlets between nozzle members L=length of a nozzle slot 1 or Z1=width of nozzle slots d=distance between nozzle end face and work Then, according to .the invention, the distance d between the plane of the cloth 2 and that of the .end wall 3a of thenozzle member 3 or 3' in which are provided the slotsJ I] and I I isso chosen as to be smaller than, or at the .most equal to, ten times the ratio between the sum of; the crosssections of the respective end. faces'of the slots.

or passageways of one and the samenozzle-memher. and the useful or eifective length (length of the .slots :in the nozzle) L of .said nozzle-member.

Preferably (I is chosen approximatelyequal to double thisratio, i. e.

In the particular case in which the orifices are formed by two rectangular slots of widths l and Z respectively, thefirst formula gives:

I dz: or L Preferably this distance is chosen equal to double the said ratio. i. e.

=2 i M=,2 1+z If it is assumed that l=Z', .the formula gives in If arrangements are made such that n2=m (by providing a half outlet passage at the beginning and at the end of the group of nozzle-members), the condition becomes:

S=or 2S1 "Preferably the ratio considered is chosen at least equal to 5, which gives for the general formula:

nzS=or mS1 If 7l2=fl11 S=or 5S1 and for the example illustrated:

S =or l0L.Z

In certain cases, the end of the outlet passages. is partiallyclosed by the conveyor means for the. product. Thus, for example, for a drying, tenter,

the lowerpart ABFE (Fig. 4) of the passage, as,

regards theupper nozzle-members, is obstructed by the passing of the clips which hold the cloth and of the translation chain on which said clips are mounted. For the lower nozzle-members, the upper part is obstructed bythe guide rail for the clips.

In such a case, if S2 designates the completely free area of the useful vertical cross-section CDEF, and in view of the fact that the crosssection still participates to a certain extentv It can thus be seen that there has been provided an'apparatus for treating in particular lengthy materials by means of compressed gaseous fluid, which is characterized by the provision of nozzle means 3, 3' and channel means 12, each nozzle means 3, 3' being defined by two lateral walls 30, 3d terminating in an extremity 3a positioned adjacent the path of travel of said material 2, one of said lateral. walls 3d of one of said nozzle means 3 and an adjacent lateral wall 30 of another nozzle means 3 forming said channel means l2, each channel means l2 including a closed extremity 317, each closed extremity 3b of each channel means being positioned in staggered relation to the respective extremity 3a of said nozzle means and remote from said path of travel of said material, said nozzle means 3, 3' being shaped to conduct said fluid angularly to said path of travel of said material thereagainst, said channel means [2 extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to said nozzle means 3, 3 and guiding said fluid for retreat in a plane sub stantially parallel to the path of travel of said material, each' extremity 3a of each nozzle means being provided with at least one passageway ill or I I through which said fluid is conducted under pressure to impinge upon said material 2, said passageway in or II having a length L and a width land being positioned a distance d from the material under treatment, whereby dis equal to 2x1 or less than 10x1, the cross-section of 6 said channel means being (S) and equal to 2L Z and less than 10L l.

It is of course understood that the invention is in no way limited to a particular shape of blowing nozzle-member and that it applies on the contrary whatever the cross-sectional shape-,the nature, the manner of construction and of mounting, etc, of the blowing nozzle-members and of the intermediate passages formed thereby;

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to be secured by Letters Patent,'is:

1. An apparatus for treating fibrous products by means of air, steam, and similar gaseous fluid comprising at least one group of equally spaced nozzle-members, each nozzle-member being provided with two converging walls and with blowing orifices located opposite the product to be treated, the intermediate spaces defined by walls of each two successive nozzle-members and connections thereof forming passages, means for forcing said gaseous fluid through said orifices,

and means for creating a vacuum in said pas- V sages whereby said fluid is exhausted after it has been discharged from said orifices and acted on the product to be treated, the distance between the plane of said product to be treated and that of said blowing orifices is not less than two times nor larger than ten times the ratio between the sum of the cross-sections of the end faces of said blowing orifices of one and the same nozzlemember and the eiiective length of said blowing orifices, the sum of the vertical cross-sections of all said passages located between said blowing nozzle-members of the same group is at least equal to twice but less than ten times the sum of the area of the orifices at the end faces ofthe nozzle-members opposite the product to be treated. V, l

2. An apparatus for treating fibrous products by means of air, steam, and similar gaseous fluid comprising at least one group of equally spaced nozzle-members provided with blowing orifices located opposite the product to be treated, the intermediate spaces defined by the walls of the successive nozzle-members and connections thereof forming passages, means for forcing said gaseous fluid through said orifices, and means for creating a vacuum in said passages whereby said fluid is exhausted after it has acted on the product to be treated, the distance between the plane of said product and that of the blowing orifices being approximately equal to double the ratio between the sum of the cross-sections of the end faces of the blowing orifices of one and thesame nozzle-member and the effective length of said blowing orifices, the sum of the vertical crosssections of all said passages located between the blowing nozzle-members of the same group is at least equal to twice but less than ten times the sum of the areas of the orifices at the end faces of the nozzle-members opposite the product to be treated.

3. An apparatus for treating fibrous products by means of air, steam, and similar gaseous-fluid comprising at least one group of spaced-apart nozzle-members provided with blowing orifices located opposite the product to be treated, the intermediate spaces defined by the walls of successive nozzle-members and connections thereof forming passages, means'ior forcing said gaseous fluid through said orifices, and means for creating a vacuum in said passages whereby said fluid is exhausted after it has acted on the product to be treated, wherein the distance between the planerofisaid product and got jsaidsblowing' orifices"- is not less than two timesnor-larger. than ten.

times, the ratio between the sum of the crosssections of the end faces of .said blowing orifices of; one and the samenozzle-member and the length of the portion of said nozzle-member over which said blowing orifices extend, theratio .between the sum of the vertical cross-sections of all said passages located between the blowing nozzle-members of the same group and the sum of the areas of the orifices at the end facesof the nozzle-members opposite the product to be treated is at least equal to five, but less than ten.

4. An apparatus for treating lengthy fibrous products by means of air, steam, and, similar, gaseous fluid comprising at least, one group of spaced-apart nozzleemembers each provided,

withblowing orifices located opposi-tetheprodnot to be treated, theintermediate spaces defined by the walls of successive nozzle-members and connections thereof forming passages, means for forcing said gaseous fluid through said orifices, and means for creating a vacuum in said passages whereby said fiuidis, deviated and exhausted after it has acted on the product to be treated, the distance between the plane of said product and of said blowing orifices being about equal to double the ratio between the sum of the cross-sections of the end faces of said blowing orifices of one and the same nozzle-member and a the length of the portion of said nozzle-member over which said blowing orifices extend, the ratio between the sum of the vertical cross-sections of all said passages located between the blowing nozzle-members of the same group and the sum of'the areas of the orifices at the end faces of the nozzle-membersopposite the product to be treated is at least equal to five, but less than ten.

5. An apparatus for treating sheet material and the like by means of a gaseous fluid; comprising nozzle means, each of said nozzle means being provided with an end wall having at least oneelongated slot forming an crificethrough which said'fiuid is supplied under pressure to impinge upon said material in substantially perpendicular direction to the path of travel of said material, and other walls forming a channel through. which said fluid is conducted when retreating from said material, said other walls being positioned adjacent the end Wall of one of U said nozzle means and an adjacent end wall of another of said nozzle means, both said other walls extending in angular direction to said end walls of said nozzle means and converging toward each other, each slot having a length L and a width-land being positioned a distance d from the-material'under treatment, whereby d is equal to -2' Z .or less than than l l, the vertical crosssection of said channel means being an area S which area is no less than 2L Z or not larger than IOLXZ.

6.- An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said other walls converge toward each other and are joined together at a location remote from said path of travel of said material, whereby the space between the end walls adjacent thepath oftravelof the material is larger thanthe distance at the connection of said other walls, to facilitate accommodation of conveyor means for said material within said space.

7.' An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said channel extends in horizontal direction, whereas said nozzle means are shaped to permit supply; of said fluid in vertical direction, with respect tothe material .to be treated.

8. An apparatus for treating sheet materialand the like by means of a gaseous .fluid, comprising,

a plurality of nozzle means, each of said nozzle means being provided with an end wall facing the material to be treated and having two-adjacent, elongated slots of substantially equal width through which said fluid is supplied ,underprese sure to impinge upon said material in a direction substantially perpendicular to the path of travel of said material, and channel means intermediate two adjacent nozzle means and including walls defining said adjacent nozzle means, said walls forming a, space between adjacent end walls of said nozzle means and converging toward each other so as to terminate in'a wall transverse to the path of travel of said material and arranged in staggered relation to the end walls of said adjacent nozzle means, whereby said fluid after the same retreats from said material is conducted through said channel means at an angle with respect to said fluid supplied through said slots and paralle1 to the path of travel of said material, each slot having a length L and a width Z and being positioned a distance d from the material under treatment, whereby it is equal to 2x1 or less than 10 Z, the cross-section of said channel means bein an area S, which area is no lessthan 2L Z and no larger'than 10L l.

9. An apparatus for treating sheet material by means of gaseous fluid; comprising nozzle means, and channel means, each nozzle means being defined by two lateral walls terminating in an end wall positioned adjacent the plane in which said material extends, one of said lateral walls of one of said nozzle means and an adjacent lateral wall of another nozzle means formingsaid channel means, each channel means including an imperforate transverse wall and opposed open ends, each transverse wall of each channel means being positioned in staggered relation to the respective end wall of said nozzle means and remote from said plane of said material, said nozzle means being shaped to conduct said fluid in a plane substantially perpendicular to said plane of said material and thereagainst, each end wall of each nozzle means being provided with at least one passageway through which said fluid is conducted under pressure to impinge upon said material, said passageway having a lengthL and a width Z and being positioned a distance d from the material under treatment, whereby it is equal is 2x1 or less than l0 l, the vertical cross-sec: tion of said channel means being an area S, said area being no less than 2L l or not larger than 10L l.

JULIEN DUNGLER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,933,960 Brabaek Nov. 7, 1933 2,008,230 Spooner ,July 16, 1935' FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 856,315 France Mar. 18, 1940

Images