US2588907A

US2588907A - Method of installing tubular rivets

Info

Publication number: US2588907A
Application number: US130414A
Authority: US
Inventors: Russell S Colley
Original assignee: BF Goodrich Corp
Current assignee: Goodrich Corp
Priority date: 1949-12-01
Filing date: 1949-12-01
Publication date: 1952-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 1969-03-11

Description

March 11, 1952 R. s. COLLEY 2,588,907

METHOD OF INSTALLING TUBULAR RIVETS Filed Dec. 1, 1949 JUL 5272275.

Patented Mar. 11, 1952 r METHOD OF INSTALLING TUBULAR HIVETS Russell S. Colley, Cuyahoga Falls; Ohio, assignor to The B. F. Goodrich Company, New York}. N. Y". a. corporation of New York Application December 1, 1949', Serial No. 1303 .14

2 Claims.

1 The invention relates to the installing and up-- setting of headed tubular rivets.

Heretofore, internally threaded, tubular rivets provided with pre-formed flat, round, countersunk, or other suitably shaped heads have been used for riveted attachments as for joining parts of an airplane wing or other structure. A type of head designedfor a particular use has not been suitable for work necessitating other types of heads. This has resulted in the stocking and use of a wide variety of rivetshaving different shapes of. heads, each best suited for a particular use. Also, this has resulted. in objectionable manufacturing. complications and. even in objectionable shortages at times of a. particular size and kind of. headed rivet.

An. object. of the. invention is. to provide for overcoming; the foregoing. difficulties and other disadvantages of the prior rivets and their attachments to the work.

Other objects are to provide an improved number of other standard type heads; to provide for changing the lower or seating surface of the head such that it conformsto the work while the head is beingv shaped during the upsetting; to provide for maintaining the lateral extent of the head. while changing both the upper and the lower surfaces of the rivet head to a different configuration during the upsetting to provide for simplicity of construction of the apparatus; to

provide for a reduction in the number of kinds of"pre-formed rivet heads; and to provide for convenience of manufacture and installation, and for effectiveness of operation.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the: following description.

In the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification and in which like numerals are employed to designate, like parts throughout the same.

Fig. 1 is a sectional view in elevation of a tool and a headed tubular rivet inassembled relation on the apertured work before the upsetting oper@ ation, and constructed in accordance with and embodying the invention, parts being broken away,

Fig. 2' is a view like Fig. 1 but showing the tool and the rivet intheir respective conditions after the upsetting operation;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view from above showing the tool and-rivet of Fig. l and a second rivet in upset condition, and

Fig". 4 is a view like Fig. Z-butshewing a-modifi cation of the tool and a difierent shape of the rivet head resulting therefrom.

The illustrative embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings includes a tubular rivet comprising a shank l0 having a seating portion or pre-formed head H which is shaped as shownin Fig. 1, with a seating surfacel2 which does not conform to the work [3; and includes aninstalling or upsetting tooll5- having anaxially movable draw rod I4 and forming meansor anvil IS.

The rivet shown has the countersunk type of head H and can be used without modification in work with countersunk apertures. In the embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2, however, it isdesired to adapt the countersunk type of head to conformation with the flat work, shown as apertured parts 2i, 22, during the upsetting operation in order that the countersunk type of head will be suited for a-wide variety of applications and not only cases of countersunk Work.

The rivet to be upset is first engaged detachably with the draw rod, then inserted in the work, as shown in Fig. 1, and next axial compressive force is applied by the tool tor-the rivetto upset it in the work while: the head H is re-formed by the reactionary force applied through the forming means It to the head, thereby causing bending of: the material of the head and preferably also-cold-working thereof in a manner such as to seat: the seating surface. [2; conformingly against the work, and. to shape the head to. the desired form, asshown in. Fig. 2', after which the tool and draw rod. are removed from; the installed or upset rivet.

The tubular rivet has an: outwardly collapsible or expansiblc wall portion 11 adjacent the countersunk type of head. for engaging the work and an internally threaded end portion [8 for engaging: the draw rod, and is of ductile material such, for example, as aluminum, brass, and steel.

The forming. means or anvil, which may be internally threaded at 2.4 for engagement with an externally threaded body 23 of: the tool, has an. end portion 25 presenting a forming face or surface 23 of hardened steel or other suitable ma.- terial harder than that of the rivet, for abutting en ire-forming the head to a different shape and.

of the material of the head axially toward the work and cold-working and strain-hardening of the material of the head thus increasing the inherent strength and holding power of the head.

To change the countersunk type of head to one having, for example, a final rounded shape with the seating surface l2 conformingly against the work, the forming surface 26 is of generally concave shape so that it is, preferably, circumferentially continuous and inwardly and continuously curved or arcuate relative to said end, and is of a diameter at its outer peripheral edge not less than that of the countersunk head to maintain the lateral extent of the head substantially uniform. The radius of curvature of the forming surface at its outer peripheral region may be less than that of the curvature at the inner or central region of such surface to provide greater sharpness of curvature at the outer peripheral region than at the central region, which arrangement is advantageous to facilitate the desired re-forming of the head, especially progressively, from the outer margin or peripheral edge Ila of the head inwardly thereof and terminating at the bore 10a of the rivet. V The tool has the draw rod [4 disposed in an axia1 bore 2'! extending centrally through the body 23 and anvil l6, which draw rod is connected to any suitable means in the body for providing relative axial movement of the draw rod and body 23 to upset the rivet. The draw rod projects beyond the forming surface 26 and terminates in an externally threaded end portion 28 for engaging the internal threads of the end portion [8 of the rivet.

In installing the rivet in the Work. the rivet to be upset is threadedly engaged at its end portion I8 with the threaded end part of the draw rod, the countersunk type of head being nearest the forming surface 26 for abutment with the same, and then the rivet is inserted into the hole 20 of the work until the head contacts the work at a part of the head inwardly of its outer margin or edge Ila while the margin Ha is spaced from the work, as shown in Fig. 1. The next step is to operate the tool including the draw'rod in'a manner such that compressive force is exerted in. an axial direction on the rivet to outwardly collapse or expand the wall portion I! so as to increase its diameter beyond the diameter of the rivet hole 20 and to form an annular and bulged flange to clamp the work between the head and the flange. The reactionary force in the opposite axial direction of the rivet is exerted on the countersunk head by the forming means including the forming surface 26 and produces bending and also cold-working of the material of the head, thereby re-forming the head to a different workconforming shape. By virtue of its shape and size, the forming surface exerts the reactionary force from the outer peripheral edge Ha inwardly thereof and terminating at the bore Illa, whereby the head is re-formed conformingly against the work and the outer peripheral edge Ila is depressed against the work with the material of the head inwardly of the edge Ila raised with respect to the edge Ila, the lateral extent of the head being maintained substantially uniform while the uppermost region at "lb of the bore in the top of the head is countersunk and flared outwardly, as shown especially in Figs. 2 and 3. The re-forming of the head against the inwardly curved forming surface results in changing the seating surface so that it seats conformingly against the work and changing the countersunk type of head to one of the round type of head as shown in Fig. 2, for the upset condition of the rivet.

The draw rod is then disengaged from the internally threaded end portion 18 and removed from the rivet. The tool I5 is then ready for subsequent use.

' The modification shown especially in Fig. 4 is like that of Figs. 1, 2 and 3, except that the shape of the dished forming surface 30 of the anvil differs from that of the forming surface 26 in that the outer peripheral region at 3| of the surface 30 tapers inwardly relative to the end of the forming means It and the central region at 32 of the surface 30 is fiat providing a sectional shape of a truncated cone for receiving the head of the rivet. When the rivet is upset, the forming surface 30 bends the material of the head such that the re-formed head has a final shape of a truncated cone with the seating surface l2 constituting the base of the cone and conform-. ing to the work.

The practice described hereinabove makes feasible the utilization of the same type of pre-headed rivet for work requiring the same or different shapes of the head, and it provides for the conformance of the seating surface of the head to the work, and the working of the head to the desired final shape. This permits advantageously a reduction in the number of kinds of pre-headed rivets to be stocked and manufactured.

Variations may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as it is defined in the following claims.

I claim:

1. The method of attaching in distortion-resisting work a'rivet having a shank terminating in a head having an outwardly and upwardly flared underface not conforming to said work and a top face not conforming to a head-contacting surface of a tool so that contact of said top face with the head-contacting surface starts along a peripheral line at the outer margin of the head, with a bore extending through said head into the shank of the rivet to an engaging portion therein and including an expansible shank portion intermediate the engaging portion and the head, which method comprises the steps of inserting the rivet in an aperture in the work with said expansible shank portion projecting beyond the back of the work and with the entire outer margin of the head initially spaced substantially from the front of the work while the material of the head at the innermost part of said underface is initially against the front of the work with the remainder of said un-- derface initially projecting angularly away from the front of the work, applying pulling force to the rivet in the axial direction thereof toward the head by a drawing element of the tool inserted through said head'and engaging said engaging portion so as to bulb outwardly said expansible shank portion against the back of the work, and at the same timealtering the original shape of the head and conforming said underface ofthe head to the front of the work by applying a reacting force through the head-contacting surface of the tool to the head initially at said outer margin only and progressively additively inwardly thereof so as to bend and depress said outer margin and flex said remainder of the underface about said innermost part thereof conformingly against the front of the Work while continuously pressing said innermost part of said underface against the front of the work and continuing application of the forces until the work is tightly clamped between the head and the bulb.

2. The method of attaching in distortion-resisting work a rivet having a shank terminating in a head having an outwardly and upwardly tapered underface not conforming to said Work and a top face not conforming to a head-contacting surface of a tool so that contact of said top face with the head-contacting surface starts alonga peripheral line at the outer margin of the head, with a bore extending through said head into the shank of the rivet to an internally threaded portion therein spaced from the head and including an expansible shank portion intermediate the threaded portion and the head, which method comprises the steps of inserting the rivet in an aperture in the work with said expansihle shank portion projecting beyond the back of the Work and with the entire outer margin of the head initially spaced substantially from the front of the work while the material of said head at the innermost part of said underface is initially against the front of the work with the remainder of said underface initially projecting angularly away from the front of the work, applying pulling force to the rivet in the axial direction thereof toward the head through a threaded drawing member of the tool inserted through said head into threaded engagement with said threaded portion so as to bulb outwardly said expansible shank portion against the back of the work, and at the same time altering the original shape of the head and conforming said underface of the head to the front of the work by applying a reacting force through the head-contacting surface of the tool to the head initially at and peripherally continuously about said outer margin only and progressively additively inwardly and peripherally thereof so as to bend and depress said outer margin and flex said remainder of the underface about said innermost part thereof conformingly against the front of the work while continuously pressing said innermost part of said underface against the front of the work and continuing application of the forces until the work is tightl clamped between the head and the bulb.

RUSSELL S. COLLEY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,228,239 Phillips May 29, 1917 2,047,341 Vaughn July 14, 1936 2,371,452 Lees, Jr Mar. 13, 1945 2,384,321 Lees, Jr. Sept. 4, 1945 2,386,939 Desmet Oct. 16, 1945 2,445,067 Hiler July 13, 1948 2,466,811 Huck Apr. 12, 1949