US2586042A - Low-alloy high-yield strength weldable steel - Google Patents
Low-alloy high-yield strength weldable steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2586042A US2586042A US219772A US21977251A US2586042A US 2586042 A US2586042 A US 2586042A US 219772 A US219772 A US 219772A US 21977251 A US21977251 A US 21977251A US 2586042 A US2586042 A US 2586042A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- low
- boron
- yield strength
- alloy high
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHURSZHKKJGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxaben Chemical compound O1N=C(C(C)(CC)CC)C=C1NC(=O)C1=C(OC)C=CC=C1OC PMHURSZHKKJGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved low-- alloy steel characterized by high strength combined with superior toughness and weldability in the quenched and tempered condition.
- Low-alloy, high-strength steels have many applications in the manufacture of heavy machinery, trucks, railroad cars, ships, etc, which are frequently fabricated by welding.
- the steels heretofore available for these purposes have been generally limited to yield strengths of 50,006 p. s. i. or, in sections larger than inch in thickness, to even lower strength levels.
- the improved steel of this invention can readily be heat treated to yield strengths of 100,000 p. s. i. and higher. Together with this high strength, our new steel can be safely welded without preheating or' other special precautions and, furthermore, will exhibit superior toughness welded or unwelded and will retain this toughness at lower temperatures than the lower strength steels which were previously used for welded construction.
- the combination of elements in our invention is unique in that it permits the attainment of a microstructu're consisting mainly of low-carbon tempered mart'ensite after heat treatment with relatively low percentages of alloying elements and without the poor 'weldability characteristic of prior art steels used at these high-strength levels.
- the high degree of hardenability of the steels of the present invention results from the proportion of carbon, manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and boron as recited.
- boron intensifies the effects of the above alloying ingredients permitting smaller amounts of these elements to be used than formerly.
- the inclusion of the small amount of boron results in an unusual increase in the weldability of the compositions. This effect is shown by the following weld-test data on the following steels:
- a low-alloy, high-strength steel characterized by good weldability and toughness, when heat treated by cooling sufiiciently rapidly from an austenitizing temperature to obtain a martensitic microstructure and thereafter tempering at temperatures over 1100 F.
- said steel comprising from .10 to .20% carbon, .60 to 1.00% manganese, .70 to 1.00% nickel, .40 to .80% chromium, .40 to molybdenum, .03 to .10 vanadium, .002 to .006% boron, .15 to 35% silicon, .0 to .50% copper, balance iron and residual amounts of other elements.
- a low-alloy, high-strength steel having a tempered martensitic microstructure resulting from rapidly quenching it and thereafter tempering at temperatures above 1100 F., said steel being characterized by good weldability without preheating or postheating and toughness, said steel comprising about .10 to .20% carbon, .60 to 1.00% manganese, .70 to 1.00% nickel, .40 to .80% chromium, .40 to molybdenum, .03 to .10% vanadium, .002 to 006% boron, .15 to 35% silicon, .0 to .50% copper, balance iron and residual amounts of other elements.
Description
Patented Feb. 19, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,586,042 Low-littoyriion-yiniln STRENGTH WELDABLE STEEL John M. Hodge and Richard D. Manning, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignors to United States Steel Company, a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application April 8,1951, Serial No. 219,772
2' Claims; 1
This invention relates to an improved low-- alloy steel characterized by high strength combined with superior toughness and weldability in the quenched and tempered condition.
Low-alloy, high-strength steels have many applications in the manufacture of heavy machinery, trucks, railroad cars, ships, etc, which are frequently fabricated by welding. The steels heretofore available for these purposes have been generally limited to yield strengths of 50,006 p. s. i. or, in sections larger than inch in thickness, to even lower strength levels. The improved steel of this invention, on the other hand, can readily be heat treated to yield strengths of 100,000 p. s. i. and higher. Together with this high strength, our new steel can be safely welded without preheating or' other special precautions and, furthermore, will exhibit superior toughness welded or unwelded and will retain this toughness at lower temperatures than the lower strength steels which were previously used for welded construction. The combination of elements in our invention is unique in that it permits the attainment of a microstructu're consisting mainly of low-carbon tempered mart'ensite after heat treatment with relatively low percentages of alloying elements and without the poor 'weldability characteristic of prior art steels used at these high-strength levels.
This unique combination of properties is obtainable by forming the steel of the following elements and ranges thereof:
- Range, per cent Balance iron and other elements in residual amounts.
Copperoptional but preferred since amounts between 0.'20.5% aid corrosion resistance.
Within these composition limits, the characteristic properties of yield strengths of 90,000 p. s. i. minimum together with Keyhole Charpy impact values of 15 foot pounds at temperatures down to as low as --150 F. and excellent weldability can be obtained with the hereinafter de- .2 scribed heat treatment, in plate sizes from to 4 inches in thickness or in corresponding section sizes in other shapes.
The high degree of hardenability of the steels of the present invention results from the proportion of carbon, manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and boron as recited. In so far as hardenability is concerned, boron intensifies the effects of the above alloying ingredients permitting smaller amounts of these elements to be used than formerly. In addition, the inclusion of the small amount of boron results in an unusual increase in the weldability of the compositions. This effect is shown by the following weld-test data on the following steels:
COMPOSITIONS Steel A Steel B Steel 0 Per cent Per cent Per cent 7 Carbon Q. 14 0. 15 0. 15 Manganese 0. 82 0. l. 00 Nickel 0. 91 O. 88 0. 87 Chromium 0.61 0.59 0. 52 Molybdenum 0. 48 0. 50 0. 47 Vanadium 0. 05 0. 09 0. 07 Boron 0. 005 0. 0038 None Silicon 0. 23 0. 20 0. 46 Copper 0.33 0. 29 0. 30
One (1") plates were rolled from commercial heats of the above analyses and subjected to Weld tests of the Batelle type using standard electrode E-6010. The plates were water quenched from 1650 to 1700 F. and tempered at 1200 F. The welding was conducted at several temperatures and without preheating or postheating. Both automatic and manual methods were used. The samples were examined by Magnaflux methods for under bead cracking. The results are tabulated below:
The marked improvement due to the boron is readily apparent from the foregoing table and is further evidenced by notch bend tests, the results of which are given in the following Table II:
Table II Transition Temperature 1 Steel Steel A Steel B (No Boron) Material before welding. Welded material 112F 107F -78F 1 Temperature below which material showed amarked decrease in ductility.
2 Below-l43 F.
It is apparent from these results that the steels of the present invention can be welded and retain a remarkable degree of ductility not obtainable with other compositions. Moreover, tensile tests on butt-welded specimens broke outside the weld, indicating that the full strength of the base material was retained in the Welded condition.
The foregoing improvement in weldability is obtained without sacrifice of hardenability. In fact a considerable increase in hardenability is achieved by the boron containing compositions of the present invention as shown by the following Table III:
! Distance from quenched end in sixteenths of an inch.
It will be noted that the point at which the micro-structure of the specimens exhibited less than 95% martensite occurred at about 17/16 for the boron containingsteel A and at about /16 for the steel C whichcorresponds to an ideal diameter D1 of 4.5 and 3.3 inches respectively. This clearly indicates the higher hardenability attributable to the composition of our invention.
The following Table IV indicates the other desirable mechanical properties of our steel.
Table IV 2 in a e; 1 4 r0 e r0 e Material Tested plate plate Longitudinal Longitudinal Treatment:
Water quenched, F 1, 650 1, 650 Tempered, F 1, 200 1,200 0.2% ofiset Yield Strength p. s. in 118,000 112, 000 Tensile Strength, p. s. i 125, 000 122,600 Elongation in 2", Per Cent 39. 7 42. 7 Reduction in Area, Per Cent 59.6 65. 5 Keyhole Charpy Impact Ft 5.,
Room Temp 0 F 45 l F 25 200 F 26 While we have shown and described a specific embodiment of our invention, it will be understood that this embodiment is merely for the purpose of illustration and description and that various other forms may be devised within the scope of our invention, as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A low-alloy, high-strength steel, characterized by good weldability and toughness, when heat treated by cooling sufiiciently rapidly from an austenitizing temperature to obtain a martensitic microstructure and thereafter tempering at temperatures over 1100 F., said steel comprising from .10 to .20% carbon, .60 to 1.00% manganese, .70 to 1.00% nickel, .40 to .80% chromium, .40 to molybdenum, .03 to .10 vanadium, .002 to .006% boron, .15 to 35% silicon, .0 to .50% copper, balance iron and residual amounts of other elements.
2. A low-alloy, high-strength steel having a tempered martensitic microstructure resulting from rapidly quenching it and thereafter tempering at temperatures above 1100 F., said steel being characterized by good weldability without preheating or postheating and toughness, said steel comprising about .10 to .20% carbon, .60 to 1.00% manganese, .70 to 1.00% nickel, .40 to .80% chromium, .40 to molybdenum, .03 to .10% vanadium, .002 to 006% boron, .15 to 35% silicon, .0 to .50% copper, balance iron and residual amounts of other elements.
JOHN M. HODGE. RICHARD D. MANNING.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,478,420 Payson Aug. 9, 1949 2,528,867 Day Nov. '7, 1950 OTHER REFERENCES Transactions of the American Society for Metals, vol. 40, 1948, pages 1102 to 1104, published by the American Society for Metals, Cleveland, Ohio.
Claims (1)
1. A LOW-ALLOY, HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL, CHARACTERIZED BY GOOD WELDABILITY AND TOUGHNESS, WHEN HEAT TREATED BY COOLING SUFFICIENTLY RAPIDLY FROM AN AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE TO OBTAIN A MARTENSITIC MICROSTRUCTURE AND THEREAFTER TEMPERING AT TEMPERATURES OVER 1100* F., SAID STEEL COMPRISING FROM .10 TO .20% CARBON, .60 TO 1.00% MANGANESE, .70 TO 1.00% NICKEL, .40 TO .80% CHROMIUM, .40 TO 60% MOLYBDENUM, .03 TO .10 VANADIUM, .002 TO .006% BORON, .15 TO .35% SILICON, .0 TO .50% COPPER, BALANCE IRON AND RESIDUAL AMOUNTS OF OTHER ELEMENTS.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US219772A US2586042A (en) | 1951-04-06 | 1951-04-06 | Low-alloy high-yield strength weldable steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US219772A US2586042A (en) | 1951-04-06 | 1951-04-06 | Low-alloy high-yield strength weldable steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2586042A true US2586042A (en) | 1952-02-19 |
Family
ID=22820721
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US219772A Expired - Lifetime US2586042A (en) | 1951-04-06 | 1951-04-06 | Low-alloy high-yield strength weldable steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2586042A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2798805A (en) * | 1954-09-03 | 1957-07-09 | United States Steel Corp | Wrought railroad wheels made of alloy steels |
| US3258372A (en) * | 1963-01-21 | 1966-06-28 | Int Nickel Co | Martensitic low alloy plate steel |
| US3955971A (en) * | 1974-12-11 | 1976-05-11 | United States Steel Corporation | Alloy steel for arctic service |
| GB2166158A (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1986-04-30 | Hunting Oilfield Services | Steel alloys |
| EP0974678A1 (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-01-26 | Creusot-Loire Industrie | Process and steel for the manufacturing of welded vessels, intended for use in the presence of hydrogen sulphide |
| US20060237103A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2006-10-26 | Masaaki Tabuchi | Welded joint of tempered martensite based heat-resistant steel |
| US7374624B1 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2008-05-20 | John Paul Lacy | Vertical plate dip quench |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2478420A (en) * | 1947-03-13 | 1949-08-09 | Crucible Steel Co America | Steel for plastic mold dies and articles made therefrom |
| US2528867A (en) * | 1948-06-28 | 1950-11-07 | Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp | Production of thermally hardenable boron-titanium steels |
-
1951
- 1951-04-06 US US219772A patent/US2586042A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2478420A (en) * | 1947-03-13 | 1949-08-09 | Crucible Steel Co America | Steel for plastic mold dies and articles made therefrom |
| US2528867A (en) * | 1948-06-28 | 1950-11-07 | Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp | Production of thermally hardenable boron-titanium steels |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2798805A (en) * | 1954-09-03 | 1957-07-09 | United States Steel Corp | Wrought railroad wheels made of alloy steels |
| US3258372A (en) * | 1963-01-21 | 1966-06-28 | Int Nickel Co | Martensitic low alloy plate steel |
| US3955971A (en) * | 1974-12-11 | 1976-05-11 | United States Steel Corporation | Alloy steel for arctic service |
| GB2166158A (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1986-04-30 | Hunting Oilfield Services | Steel alloys |
| EP0974678A1 (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-01-26 | Creusot-Loire Industrie | Process and steel for the manufacturing of welded vessels, intended for use in the presence of hydrogen sulphide |
| FR2781506A1 (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-01-28 | Creusot Loire | PROCESS AND STEEL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A HOT WATER ENCLOSURE WORKING IN THE PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE |
| US6322642B1 (en) | 1998-07-21 | 2001-11-27 | Creusot Loire Industrie | Process and steel for the manufacture of a pressure vessel working in the presence hydrogen sulfide |
| US20060237103A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2006-10-26 | Masaaki Tabuchi | Welded joint of tempered martensite based heat-resistant steel |
| US7785426B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2010-08-31 | National Institute For Materials Science | Welded joint of tempered martensite based heat-resistant steel |
| US7374624B1 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2008-05-20 | John Paul Lacy | Vertical plate dip quench |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3366471A (en) | High strength alloy steel compositions and process of producing high strength steel including hot-cold working | |
| JPH0152462B2 (en) | ||
| US2532117A (en) | Nickel steel alloys | |
| US3502462A (en) | Nickel,cobalt,chromium steel | |
| US2586042A (en) | Low-alloy high-yield strength weldable steel | |
| JP2010121191A (en) | High-strength thick steel plate having superior delayed fracture resistance and weldability, and method for manufacturing the same | |
| US3216823A (en) | Low alloy steel | |
| US2791500A (en) | High strength aircraft landing gear steel alloy elements | |
| US3288600A (en) | Low carbon, high strength alloy steel | |
| US3355280A (en) | High strength, martensitic stainless steel | |
| US3132025A (en) | Alloy steel | |
| US3379582A (en) | Low-alloy high-strength steel | |
| JP5008897B2 (en) | High strength member and manufacturing method thereof | |
| US3463677A (en) | Weldable high strength steel | |
| US2853379A (en) | High strength alloy steel for structural and pressure vessels | |
| US3110586A (en) | High strength normalized steel | |
| US3262823A (en) | Maraging steel | |
| US3201232A (en) | Use of steel involving prolonged stressing at elevated temperatures | |
| US3069257A (en) | Alloy steel and method | |
| US3310441A (en) | Energy absorbed foot- pounds | |
| US3475164A (en) | Steels for hydrocracker vessels containing aluminum,columbium,molybdenum and nickel | |
| US2513395A (en) | Boron-treated molybdenum steel | |
| US2334870A (en) | Austenitic chromium-nickel and/or manganese steels | |
| US2120554A (en) | Chromium steel | |
| US2150901A (en) | Rustless iron |