US2577695A - Shingle construction - Google Patents

Description

F. L. WORSHAM SHINGLE CONSTRUCTION Dec. 4, 195] 2 SHEETS'SHEET 1 Filed Aug. 27, 1946 IN V EN TOR.

FLOYD L.- UOIZSHAM ATTORNEY Dec. 4, 195] WORSHAM 2,577,695

SHINGLE CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 27, 1946 v 2 SHEETSSHEET 2 FIG- 6 I N VEN TOR.

y Fuo lo L. woazsHAm ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 4, 1951 ,2.

UNITED PATENT OFFICE V SHINGLE CONSTRUCTION Floyd L. Worsham, Anniston. Ala.

Application August 27, 1946, Serial No. 693,225

This invention relates to coverings primarily for roofs and the like including shinglespand more particularly to improved composition shingles of sheet material such as asbestos impregnated with a suitable binder and provided with a suitable coating to eliminate tackiness of the binder and provide shingles ofv any. desired color.

. Composition shingles are widely used at present and are available in several forms. The shingles available at present fail to satisfy in some particulars.

For example, most shingles now available are so shaped that a considerable amount of waste is involved in cutting or otherwise detaching the shingles from strips or rolls of sheet material. Conventional shingles can be applied ordinarily in only one manner and can provide only one roof pattern, and where difierent patterns are desired several types of shingles have to be stocked. Present available shingles are also subject to curling after they have been in place on a roof for a comparatively short time, permitting water to be swept under the shingles by wind during a storm and in some cases making it possible for a moderately strong wind to loosen th shingles and remove them from the roof.

It is one of the objects of the present invention to provide an improved composition shingle so shaped that rows of shingles may be cut from suitable strips of sheet material with substantially no waste, the entire stamping or cutting operation can be performed rapidly and efliciently in a single operation, and shingles of the same shape may be laid in different ways to provide several difierent roof patterns.

It is a further object of the invention to provide improved composition shingles having means for locking extending portions of the shingles in place so that the shingles cannot vcurlafter they have been applied to the roof and the roof will thus remain in satisfactory condition for an extended period of service. v

It is also an object to provide an improved composition shingle having edge shoulders or notches functioning as guide means by which the shingles can be easily and quickly aligned with adjacent shingles to provide desired roof patterns. 7 1 g Other objects and advantages will become apparent as the description proceedsin conjunction with the accompanying drawings. wherein:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a'group of adjoining shingles showing the manner which the shingles are stamped or cut fromia-strip. of sheet '3' claims. (01.108-7) material without substantial waste of material;

Fig. 2, a plan view of a single shingle; Fig. 3, a plan view similar to Fig. 2 showing a somewhat modified form of shingle;

Fig. 4, a plan view of a group of shingles laid in a Dutch lap pattern; Fig. 5, a plan view of a group of shingles laid to provide a hexagonal or tile pattern; and

Fig. 6, a plan view of a group of the same shingles. laid to provide an American lap pattern, With continued reference to the drawings and particularly to Fig. 1, each shingle, as generally designated at I0, comprises a substantially rectangular portion II having at one side thereof a tapered tongue or extension I2, the side edgesof which converge at an angle of approximately 20 from-the corresponding side of the rectangular portion to a straight end portion substantially parallel to the side of the rectangular portion from which the tongue extends. At its outer end the tongue is provided with a substantially L- shaped slot or cut I3 extending from the end of the tongue to a hole I4 at the inner end of the slot.

At its wider or base end the tongue I2 is of. less width than the rectangular portion I I providing a shoulder I5 at one side thereof and a shoulder I6 at the opposite side, the shoulder I5 being wider than the shoulder l6.

. The side of the rectangular portion extending from the shoulder I5 is provided with two inset shoulders I! and [8 of a width not materially greater than one-fourth of'the shoulder I 5. The edge of the rectangular portion extending from the portion l6 has an outset shoulder I9 of approximately the same width as the shoulders l! and I8 so that the edge of the rectangular portion opposite the edge from which the tongue extends has a length less than the edge from which the tongue extends by the width of the shoulder I8. The width of the shoulder I8 is such as to provide an appearance of conventional spacing between adjacent shingles when laid in the American lap pattern and the distance of this shoulder from the edge of the shingle opposite the tongue is substantially the 'same as the width of the exposed portions of overlapped wooden shingles.

The modified form of shingleshown in Fig. 3 is identical with the form shown in Fig. 2 except that the outer end of the tongue portion is provided with a C-shaped slot 20, the ends of which terminate in holes 2| and 22. The slots or cuts I3 and 20. provide means for locking down the exposed tongue portions when the shingles are laid in the hexagonal or tile pattern illustrated in Fig. 5.

When the shingles are laid in the Dutch lap pattern, illustrated in Fig. 4, the adjacent edge portions are overlapped. In the pattern illustrated in Fig. 4, the edge extending from the shouder is of a shingle positioned to the right is lapped over the adjacent edge of a shingle positioned to the left until the outer corner of the shoulder l6 of the top shingle is coincident with the point of intersection of the right-hand edge of the tongue and the shoulder I oi the bottom shingle. tersection of adjacent tongue edges of adjacent shingles a space equal in width to the shoulder 16. A course of shingles, overlapped as indicourse of overlapped shingles is applied over the first course with the lower edges or" the secondcourse overlapping the-tongue portions of the first course and the adjacent rectangular portions up to the shoulders H and I9. As the shingles are applied to the roof, each shingle is fastened down by two nails, as indicated at 23 and 24, located at the two right-hand corners of the rectangular portions of the shingles, the nails being applied in such a manner that all nail heads arecovered by overlapping shingle portions. The outer overlapping edges of the shingles are then secured to the roof by suitable corrosion resist.- ing means, such as copper staples25. In applying the shingles to form this Dutch lap pattern, the tongues are at the upper edges of the shingles, the edges of .the shingles opposite the tongues being parallel to the edge or" the roof at the eaves.

When the shingles .are applied to form the hexagonal or tile pattern shown in 'Fig. .5, they are inverted in position so that the rectangular portions of the shingles are upward or toward the peak of the roof and the tongues are .on the lower sides of the shingles extending toward the edge of the roof. In this case a first course of shingles is preferably laid in the upright position with the edges opposite the tongues parallel to and overhanging the edge .of the roof at the edges. The succeeding courses of shingles, however, are

This leaves between the points of ininverted as illustrated in Fig. 5. In this case the edges of the shingles are not overlapped but are laid in abutting relationship while the courses are overlapped to an extent such that the shingles of an overlying course have their shoulders I! and I9 along the edges opposite the tongues of the corresponding underlying course. This provides between adjacent shingles the spaces equal in width to the shoulders [8, but these spaces are covered by overlying courses and do notvappear in the upper surface of the roof. As each superimposed course of shingles is laid, the cuts or slots l3 or 20 in the ends of the tongues are passed over the shoulder portions E5 of the corresponding shingles of the underlying course. This looks the lower ends of the tongues down firmly in position and prevents these extended portions of the shingles from curling.

The shingles are secured in position on the roof by means of fastening nails 26 inserted through the corners of .the shingles adjacent the shoulders I5 and I 6.

When the shingles are laid in the American lap pattern illustrated in Fig. 6, a first course is laid with the-edges opposite the tongues orextensions parallel to and along the lower edge of the roof at the eaves. The adjacent edges of the shingles in the course are abutted in a manner such that the shoulder IQ of one shingle over'- lies the shoulder I! of an adjacent shingle, these shoulders providing a guide for laying the courses evenly as well as a lock against longitudinal movement of the shingles relative to each other. At the same time the shoulders l8 provide spaces between the lower portions of the rectangular parts of the shingles to give the appearance of conventional spacing of wooden shingles. The overlying course is positioned so that the edges of the shingles opposite the tongues lie along the shoulders N3 of the underlying course. This provides an extensive overlapping of the shingles such-as to give a substantially three-ply roof and 15 the exposed parts of the rectangular portions of the shingles have a width between their lower edges and the lower edges of the superimposed course so limited that any tendency of the shingles to curl is eliminated. In this pattern the shingles are secured to the roof by nails inserted through the rectangular portions of the shingles adjacent the edges having the shoulders 19 and H and at substantially halfway of the width of the rectangular portions between the edges from which the tongues extend and the edges'opppsite the tongues. All nail heads in this case varecovered :by portions of superimposed shingles.

By reason .of the particular shape of the improved shingles, as described above, the shingles may be out from the sheet material without waste except for the small strips of sheet material between the shoulders l8 and the edges of the shingles opposite the extensions, as is clearly illustrated in Fig. 1. This amount of waste is entirely negligible. Also, the shingles can be laid in various patterns such as those illustrated in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 and are securely locked in place against curling or displacement by wind or weather.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and therefore the invention is not limited by that which is shown in the drawing and de scribed in the specification but only asdndicated in the appended claims. i

What is claimed is:

' 1. A-composition shingle adapted to be laid in side by side relationship with similar shingles comprising a rectangular base portion integral truncated tongue portion elXtending from one edge thereo-f,;an edge of the tongue portionandthe edges'of the base portion being substantially parallel :to each other, one side of the base portion being provided with a parallel stepped-down portion forming a recess extending to the said one edge thereof, the opposite side of the base portion being provided with three progressively stepped down parallel edges of progressively increased lengths separated by shoulders, the uppermost of said edgesbei-ng of identical length and depth with the recess provided in the opposite side of the base portion whereby when a plurality of shingles are'laid in side by side relationship to form a pattern the uppermost of said stepped-down. edges will "be received within the recess in the side of the adjacent shingle, the intermediate stepped-down portion will abut theside of the adjacentshingle adjoining the recess therein, and the lowermost of said stepped-down portions will provide .a space between adjacent shingles, said truncated tongue portion being provided with an angular slot the-outer-end thereof roviding -.a locking tab to be inserted beneath the edge portion of an adjacent shingle. I

2. A shingle as set forth in claim 1 wherein said slot is L-shaped extending inwardly from the outer edge of the tongue, one leg of the slot being substantially parallel to said outer edge.

3. A shingle as set forth in claim 1 wherein said slot is C-shaped, the top and bottom legs of said slot being substantially parallel to the outer edge of said truncated tongue.

FLOYD L. WORSHAM.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,425,992 Lesher Aug. 15, 1922 1,442,379 Abraham Jan. 16, 1923 1,613,102 Harshberger Jan. 4, 1927 10 2,084,981 Anderson June 29, 1937

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