US2576967A - Apparatus for removing bark from logs - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 4, 1951 R. D. PAULEY ET AL APPARATUS FOR REMOVING BARK FRQM LOGS 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 12, 1948 INVENTORS ROBERT D PAULEY A NA BY LOU/S jyMcCAN ATTORNEYS R. D. PAULEY ET AL APPARATUS FOR REMOVING BARK FROM LOGS Dec. 4, 195 1 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 12, 1948 INVENTORS ROBERT D. PAUL/FY LOU/5 A./7cCAN A ATTORNEYS Dec. 4, 1951 R. D. PAULEY ET AL APPARATUS FOR REMOVING BARK FROM LOGS 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed July 12, 1948 INVENTORS 7 ROBERT D. PAULEY BY LOULMA ATTORNE Y5 Dec. 4, 1951 R. D. PAULEY ET AL 2,576,957

APPARATUS FOR REMOVING BARK FROM LOGS Filed July 12, 1948 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.S ROBERTO. PAULE) LOU 5 BWM; MCAA/M A TTORNE Y5 Dec. 4', 1951 R. D. PAULEY ET AL APPARATUS FOR REMOVING BARK FROM LOGS 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 12, 1948 IN V EN TORS n Q 9 mm 9N T @W a \w u I I r WW LIL I i/ VW W W M 2 NM. O U WW [4 mm /1 9 km QQOI s mm mm. mm am m Q ied Dec. 4, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR REMOVING BARK FROM LOGS Application July 12, 1948, Serial No. 38,336

Claims. (Cl. 144--208) This invention relates to improved apparatus for removing bark from logs.

Most conventional barking machines remove bark from logs in an ineflicient manner and in an unsatisfactory manner for some purposes. Considerable power is usually expended in the bark removal process, and with known apparatus it is substantially impossible to obtain both wood-free bark and bark-free wood. Wood and bark are different, chemically and physically. For most purposes, it is desired to obtain wood free of bark, while for other purposes, such as processes for manufacturing bark products, it is desirable to have the bark free of wood chips and splinters.

' In a conventional barking machine employing rotary cutters and the like, the bark cannot be removed cleanly from the log without also removing some of the wood, even when the log is truly cylindrical. Often, some parts of the surface of a log are not cylindrical, but more often are out of round and may be fluted with ridges and hollows to make an irregular surface contour which the usual barking tool cannot follow without removing wood from the bulging surfaces.

The general object of the present invention is,

moving tool. The tool is small enough to ride down in the flutes and hollows of the log'surface in the lower part of the tree trunk, whereby the, same clean barking action is obtained in the hollows and on high spots as on the true cylindrical portions of the log. Since there is no power driven cutting tool the only power required to operate the apparatus is that necessary to produce relative motion between the smooth tool and the log in order to move the tool over the bark surface.

In preferred embodiments of the invention, the log is mounted for rotation in spur or prong type chucks which are arranged to engage the end surfaces of the log to support and turn the log about its own axis. Movement of the barking tool over the surface of the log is accomplished most conveniently by holding the tool in a relatively stationary position in resilient pressure contact with the rotating log. The effect of the rotation of the log is to cause the tool to travel relatively around the log, and during this travel compression of the bark under the tool is produced by compressed air acting on a piston to urge the tool in a direction approximately therefore, to provide a more eflicient log bark- I ing machine which effects a cleaner separation between the bark and the wood than conventional barking machines. More specific objects are to provide a barking machine which will remove the bark cleanly -from irregular as well as cylindrical portions of logs without leaving bark on the log and without including wood with the removed bark, to provide novel forms of barking tools which remove the bark by simple compression without damage to the underlying wood, instead of by the use of cutting or scraping tools which tend to remove both bark and wood indiscriminately, and to provide a machine for the purpose described which is relatively economical to operate. Reference is made to applicant's copending application. Serial No. 691,762, filed August 20, 1946, for Method of Barking Logs.

In practicing the invention, a smooth surfaced barking tool of rather small area is pressed resiliently against the bark surface of the log and moved relatively to. the log under controlled pressure to ride over irregularities in the bark. The application and sudden release of pressure in this manner as the tool moves over the bark destroys the bond between bark and wood at the cambium layer, causing the bark to separate itself cleanly from the wood. Rupture of the bond may also be due, at least in part, to slippage oi' the bark under pressure beneath the radially toward the log. The failure of the bond in the cambium layer causes the bark to break loose from the wood, and so, by feeding the tool lengthwise of the log to make a spiral track on the log, the bark may be removed progressively from one end of the log to the other, or in any other progressive pattern which may be obtained by the combined motions of the rotation of the log and the longitudinal travel of the tool.

In its preferred embodiments, the barking tool has a bluntly rounded smooth surface adapted to ride over irregularities on the bark and exert the same compressive force progressively on different areas of the cambium layer. The tool may have a smooth face to slide over the bark, or it may take the form of one or more rollers to roll on the bark surface, but in either case the tool is made small enough to ride into the flutes and hollows of the log and large enough to ride over the ordinary irregularities found in the bark surface of a large tree, without digging into the bark. Since the tool in any form does not exert a cutting or scraping action, it does not chip or splinter the wood if allowed to ride directly on the wood surface after areas of the bark have been removed, and a saving of wood is accomplished. Relatively less power is required to turn the log under the sliding or rolling tool than has heretofore been found necessary to operate known forms of barking machines.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent and the invention will be better understood with reference to the following specification containing a detailed description of certain preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the forms of the invention shown and described are for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention, as various' changes in the construction and arrangement of parts will occur to persons skilled in the art and all such modifications within the scope of the appended claims are included in the invention.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is an end elevation of one form of barking machine embodying the principles of the invention;

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the barking machine as seen from the left of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the barking head shown in Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 is an end elevation of a second embodiment of barking machine utilizing the principles of the invention;

Figures 5 to 8, inclusive, are perspective views of different types of barking tools for use in the machine shown in Figure 4;

Figure 9 is an end elevation of another embodiment of barking machine; and

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a compressed air system for the barking machine.

Referring first to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the numeral ID designates a pair of heavy 'I-beams forming the base for the log supporting and turning apparatus. Mounted on the base members ID are end supports having suitable bearings and driving mechanism for a pair of spur or prong type chucks |2 which are adapted to engage the ends of the log as shown. At least one of the chucks is retractible in an axial direction to permit the log to be inserted and centered between the two chucks, and suitable means, forming no part of the present invention, are included for moving the retractible chuck or chucks into engagement with the end of the log with suflicient force to embed the prongs of both chucks into the log to support the log. The chucks are driven through suitable speed control mechanism to rotate a log at the desired speed for a barking operation. A log to be barked is placed in the chucks and removed therefrom by an overhead crane or other suitable handling mechanism which may be entirely removed from the log so that the latter will be supported only by the two chucks during a barking operation. In Figure l, the numerals |5a, l5 and |5b designate small, medium and large size logs, respectively, which may be accommodated in the barking machine. phantom outline to disclose the barking head behind the log.

Adjacent and parallel with the base members H! of the log turning apparatus are tracks or ways IE to support a carriage for travel along the length of the log, the carriage being equipped with rollers 2| to ride under the upper flange of one of the beams ID to hold the carriage down. The carriage supports a cross slide 22 for transverse movement on ways 23, which cross slide forms a bed plate or platform to carry the barking head and the operator. The carriage 20 is moved on its ways l6 by a long screw 24, or other suitable means, and the cross slide platform 22 is traversed on its ways 23 by a screw 25 driven by a motor 26 mounted on the slide.

The barking head and its operating mechanism In Figure 2 the log is shown in are mounted on a base frame 21 secured to the cross slide 22. The end of the frame 21 adjacent the log carries an upstanding arm 28in the general form of an A-frame, the legs of which are pivotally mounted on a rocker shaft 29. The upper end of the arm 28 carries a barking head designated generally by the numeral 30. The barking head 30 is provided with a tool to ride on the surface of the bark, and the pivotal mounting of the arm 28 on the rocker shaft 29 accommodates the movement of the tool and barking head resulting from irregularities in the surface of the rotating log, while the cross slide 22 provides for bodily shifting the position of the base frame 21 to bark logs of different diameter. The tool in the barking head is pressed against the log with considerable force by a piston rod 3| connected with a piston in a double acting air cylinder 32. The lower end of the cylinder is pivotally mounted on a pin 33 in the frame 21, and the upper end of the piston rod is pivotally connected with the barking head 30 by a pin 35. By the use of a suitable three-way control valve accessible to an operator on the cross slide platform 22, air under pressure may be introduced into the lower end of the cylinder to press the barking tool against the rotating log to remove the bark from the log, and the barking head may be retracted away from the log by venting the lower end of the cylinder and introducing compressed air into the upper end of the cylinder.

Adjacent the control valve for the cylinder 32 are other controls for the motor 26 and for the motor which drives the screw 24. In operation, the cross silde platform 22 is placed at a distance from the log which will allow the piston free movement to respond to the eccentricity of the log without reaching either end of its stroke.

The details of the barking head 30 are shown in Figure 3. The head has a flat base plate 49 provided with holes 4| to receive bolts or screws 42 to secure the base plate to a flat face 43 on the upper end of the arm 28. The face 43 is considerably longer in a vertical direction than the base plate 40, and a series of holes 44 are provided for the purpose of vertical adjustment so that the head may be mounted in a high or low position on the arm. A pair of ears 45 on the rear side of the base plate 40 project through a vertical slot 46 to receive the piston rod pin 35 in holes 41. On its front side the base plate 40 carries a vertical pin 49 to mount a rocking holder 50. In the present embodiment the holder 59 is in the general form of a yoke having outstanding arms to support the ends of a shaft 5| for a pair of rollers 52 which constitute the barking tool. Only a small amount of rocking movement is necessary for the holder 50 on the pin 49 to allow the rollers 52 to lie flat against the surface of the log in order to apply uniform pressure over the line of contact with the log. Since thick bark is quite resilient, the rollers 52 actually contact the bark over a considerable area of the rollers, and the rocking pivotal action afforded by the pin 49 tends to equalize the distribution of unit pressure applied to the bark by different parts of the rollers.

The barking machine is adapted to be made to physical dimensions to handle a wide range of log sizes. To accommodate logs of different length one of the end supports may be mounted for longitudinal travel on the base members Ill. The travel of the cross Slide 22 accommodates logs of different diameter. The present machine is suitable for barking logs from 18- to 96" in diameter. In barking small logs such as log lie in Figure 1 the cross slide is moved toward the log as shown in broken lines to place the barking tool in the position indicated at 520.. In barking large logs such as log lib the slide is moved back to place the tool in the position designated 52b. The cylinder 32 is of a length to provide a piston stroke giving a tool movement in excess of the eccentricity of the logs to be treated.

Figure 4 shows the same general form of barking machine having a different type of barking head, similar parts of the machine being identified by the same reference numerals. In this case. the pin 35 for the outer end of the piston rod is mounted directly in the A-frame arm 28 independent of the barking head 60. The barking head 60 has a base plate 6| by which it is secured to the face 43 of the vertical arm, as in the previous embodiment. The base plate 6| carries a pair of spaced vertical plates 62 forming a cradle for a tool holder 63. The tool holder 63 is disposed between the two vertical plates 62 and is equipped with horizontal trunnions 64 mounted in bearings in said plates to allow the tool holder to swing in a vertical plane. A series of holes 65 are provided in the cradle plates 62 to receive a pin 66 engaging the inner end of the tool holder to hold it in adjusted angular position on its trunnions. The tool holder is provided with a cylindrical bore constituting a socket to receive a barking tool 61. A set screw 68 in the holder engages a longitudinal groove 69 in the tool to secure the tool and prevent it from twisting in the holder.

In Figure 4 the parts are shown in full lines in adjusted position to bark a rather small log IS. The barking tool 61 is in a horizontal position on a level with the axis of the log and radially directed toward thecenter of the log. When a larger log l5b is to be barked, the barking head and the arm 28 may be operated in substantially the same relative working position by merely drawing back the slide 22 to place the barking tool in the position indicated in broken lines at 61a. The positions of the parts may be changed at will, however, and the working angle of the arm 28 may also be varied. The base plate 6| of the barking head may be adjusted up or down on the face 43 and the angle of attack of the tool may be varied by inserting the pin 66 in a different hole 65. It will, therefore, be apparent that it is not essential to have the tool 61 and the trunnion 64 for the tool holder precisely on a level with the axis of the log. The nature of the barking tool is such that the angle of attack of the barking tool with respect to the surface of the log is not critical, but the above described construction enables the operator to maintain the same angle of attack on logs of different size if he so desires.

Figures 5 to 8 disclose different forms of barking tools which may be used in the holder 63 in Figure 4. The barking tool 10 comprises a single roller II on a shaft 12 mounted in a yoke 13 integral with a cylindrical shank I4 to fit the cylindrical socket in the tool holder. The groove 69 engaged by the set screws 68 prevents the roller from twisting in the holder, this roller being shorter than the double rollers previously described so that rocking movement of the roll-er is not necessary.

The barking tool 15 shown in Figure 6 has a broad flat, rectangular face 16 with well rounded leading and trailing edges 11. The tool 80 shown in Figure 7 has a rounded working end comprising merely a hemispherical surface 8| formed on the end of the cylindrical shank H. The tool 82 in Figure 8 has a working end comprising a cylindrical surface 83 having an axis a: right angles to the axis of its cylindrical shank The function of the barking tool in any of its various forms is to compress the bark against the relatively harder underlying wood and then suddenly release the pressure, to cause failure of the bond between the bark and the wood in the cambium layer so that the bark will separate itself cleanly from the log without leaving bark on the wood and without getting any wood in the bark. It is also possible that the moving tool produces some slipping of the bark under compression, to assist in rupturing the bond. As the barking tool is pressed against the log with controlled force and the log is rotated under the tool, the area under compression moves to sub- Ject all the bark on the log to the same treatment. The barking tool in its various forms is adapted to ride over the irregularities in the bark and to subject the hollows and depressions often found at the base of a tree between the branching roots to the same pressure treatment as the cylindrical part of the trunk to remove the bark uniformly from all parts of the log. When the log is non-circular in cross section there may be considerable pivotal movement of the vertical arm 28. and for this reason the fluid medium in the cylinder 32 should be an elastic fluid such as compressed air which will maintain a resilient force against the barking too]. Likewise, after chunks of bark have broken off, the tool rides on the bare surface of the wood for part of a revolution and then climbs back over the edge of adhering bark to continue its travel on the bark surface, involving movement of the arm 28. Pieces of bark which have been loosened by failure of the bond in the cambium layer may be sheared oil by the barking tool as it continues to ride for a distance on the bare wood. but the successful functioning of the tool does not depend on shearing or scraping action. The barking operation may be started at any point even on a true cylindrical log with a smooth bark surface where there is no scraping of shearin action.

The best size and shape for the barking tool depend to some extent on the size of the log and the nature of the bark within certain limitations. The tool must be small enough to apply suflicient pressure to produce failure of the bond in the cambium layer with a reasonable force on the piston rod which may be obtained in a practical design of apparatus using compressed air, but, on the other hand, the tool must not bear on a sharp edge or be of such a shape that it will tend to dig through the bark to scrape continuously on the bare wood. A scraping action with a thin edge under high pressure splinters and removes some of the wood, which thereby contaminates the bark and impairs the usefulness of the log. The present forms of tools are designed either to roll or slide freely on the surface of the log, and when they encounter bare areas of wood they move over the surface without crushing or splintering the wood. The force applied to the tool must be suflicient to compress the bark but insufficient to crush the wood when the tool rides on the bare wood surface. A blunt rolling or sliding tool having the described characteristics and operating in the manner specified is herein designated, and distinguished from prior forms of cutting and scraping tools, by the term barkcompressing tool.

numerals. In this embodiment the carriage 20 carries an inclined way 84 for a cross slide 05 having the usual feed screw 25 driven by the electric motor 26. The piston rod 3| is connected with a cross head 86 for reciprocation in guides '01 mounted on the cross slide 85. The cross head 06 is elongated to extend beyond the slide and provided at its outer end with a plate for mounting a holder 09 for the barking tool 80. Different forms of barking tools may be employed, as hereinabove described, but the barking tool 90 comprises a roller mounted on a pin or shaft 9| in a yoke member 92 which has limited rocking movement on a pin 93.

The parts are shown in full line position for barking a medium size log I5, but the cross slide may be advanced to place the barking tool in the position indicated at 90a to engage a small log I5a. or the cross slide may be retracted to place the barking tool in a position 90b to engage a large log I5b. Thenumeral 95 designates the line of action of the barking tool, both by travel of the cross slide 85 and by the stroke of the cross head and piston rod. This line of action 95 is preferably approximately radial to the log.

In the various embodiments hereinabove described, it is intended that the cross slide shall be positioned after a log is chucked, so that the available stroke of the piston will accommodate all the irregularities and eccentricity of the log and provide a little additional travel to retract the tool away from engagement with the log when the piston is moved to the lower end of the cylinder. It has been stated hereinabove that the barking operation may be commenced at any point on-a given log, but in the interest of eliminating unnecessary movements it is preferred to begin the barking operation at one end of the log and to rotate the longitudinal feed screw 24 continuously to move the carriage slowly along the log so that the barking tool will make a spiral track as the log revolves. The speed of the screw 24 and the air pressure employed in the cylinder may be varied to obtain the most efflcient bark removal in accordance with the size of the log and condition of the bark and the screw may be stopped or speeded up from time to time as required by variations in the condition of the bark along the log. If the log has considerable taper, the cross slide may be readjusted whenever necessary so that the piston will never reach the end of its stroke in the cylinder.

The arrangement of the operators control platform on the cross slide, with its control switches for the feed screws and three-way valve for the compressed air cylinder, is not shown, as these features are well understood in the art and may take various forms, depending upon the requirements of the particular installation. Figure is a schematic diagram of a compressed air system for the air cylinder in the illustrated embodiments. The pressure from supply line I00 is controlled or reduced by an adjustable pressure regulating valve IOI connected with a pipe I02 having a gauge I03. The three position valve I04 is manually operable to connect the pipe I02 with either end of the cylinder, through flexible air lines I05 and I06, the opposite end of the cylinder in each case being vented through exhaust pipe I01. A relief valve I08, set to open at a pressure slightly above the pressure in pipe I02 maintained by the regulating valve IN, is connected in pine I08 leadin to the lower end 8 of the cylinder to relieve excess pressure which would otherwise be produced when the piston is pushed back by the cam action of an eccentric It will be apparent to persons skilled in the art that the apparatus is capable of still further modification, and that in all its various forms the present barking machine provides an economical apparatus for obtaining bark-free wood and wood-free bark which has not heretofore been obtainable at low cost without waste. It will also be appreciated that the wood which was previously lost or wasted with the removal of the bark is thereby saved and may be converted into useful products.

Having now described our invention and in what manner the same may be used, what we claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

l. A log barking machine comprising means for supporting a log for rotation about its longitudinal axis, a carriage movable along the log, a blunt barking tool having a smooth bark engaging surface of suflicient contact area to ride over irregularities in the bark but having small dimensions relative to the diameters of the logs to be barked to follow the contours of irregular logs, means for mounting said tool on said car riage for movement approximately radially of the log, and gas pressure operated means for yieldably holding said tool against the log with substantially continuous steady pressure as the log rotates.

2. A log barking machine comprising means for supporting a log for rotation about its longitudinal axis, a carriage having relative movement longitudinally of the log, an arm pivotally mounted on said carriage, a blunt barking tool mounted on said arm for movement approximately radially of the log, said barking tool having small dimensions relative to the diameters of the logs to be barked to follow the contours of irregular logs, and a gas cylinder and piston unit on said carriage connected with said arm for yieldably holding said tool against the log with substantially continuous steady pressure as the log rotates.

3. A log barking machine comprising means for supporting a log for rotation about its longi tudinal axis, a blunt barking tool having small dimensions relative to the diameters of the logs to be barked to follov the contours of irregular logs, means for mounting said tool for relative movement longitudinally of the log and movement approximately radially of the log, and a gas pressure operated cylinder and piston unit for yieldingly holding said tool against the log with substantially continuous steady pressure as the log rotates.

4. A log barking machine as described in claim 3 wherein the log engaging portion of said barking tool has a smooth cylindrical surface.

5. A log barking machine as described in claim 4 wherein said barking tool comprises a roller sufliciently small to ride into hollows and depressions in the log surface.

6. A log barking machine as described in claim 3 wherein said barking tool comprises a pair of rollers mounted in end to end relation, said rollers being sufficiently small to ride into hollows and depressions in the log surface.

'1. A log barking machine as described in claim 3 wherein said barking tool comprises a pair of rollers on a common shaft, and a rocking mounting for said shaft.

8. A log barking machine comprising means i'or supporting a log for rotation about its longitudinal axis, a carriage movable along the log, a blunt barking tool having small dimensions relative to the diameters of the logs to be barked to follow the contours of irregular logs, means for mounting said tool on said carriage for movement approximately radially of the log, and gas pressure operated means for yieldably holdin said tool against the log with substantially continuous steady 'pressure as the log rotates.

9. A log barking machine as described in claim 8 wherein said barking tool comprises a roller small enough to ride into hollows and depressions in the surface of a log to be barked, and said means for mounting said tool on said carrlage comprises an arm pivoted on said carriage to swing toward and away from the log, and said gas pressure operated means comprises a piston and cylinder unit. connected with said am.

10. A log barking machine as described in claim 8 wherein said barking tool comprises a pair of rollers mounted for rotation on a common shaft, said means for mounting said tool on said carriage comprises an arm pivoted on said carriage 10 to swing toward and away from a log to be barked, means for mounting said roller shaft for rocking movement on said arm, and said gas pressure operated means comprising a cylinder and piston unit connected with said arm.

ROBERT D. PAULEY. LOUIS A. McCANNA.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 148,161 Ames Mar. 3, 1874 305,322 Merziger Sept. 16, 1884 871,296 Russell et a1. Nov. 19, 1907 1,277,808 Witham Sept. 3, 1918 1,881,465 Ganes et a1. Oct. 11, 1932 2,027,173 Jackson et al. Jan. 7, 1936 2,477,922 Emery et al Aug. 2, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 90,080 Germany Jan. 2, 1897 54,826 Denmark June 7, 1938

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