US2568438A - Shear mechanism for headers - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 18, 1951 J. H. FRIEDMAN 2,568,433

SHEAR MECHANISM FOR HEADERS Filed March 31, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN V EN TOR. J'OH/V f7- FE/EDNAN A TTOENEYS p 18, 1951 J. H. FRIEDMAN SHEAR MECHANISM FOR HEADERS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 51, 1945 2 7 Egg 9 e INVENTOR.

4 48 4 44 47 43 3 JOHN HFE/EDMAN 45 BY r Wm A 7'7'07ENE Y5 Patented Sept. i8,

SHEAR MECHANISM FOR HEADERS John H. Friedman, Tiffin, Ohio, assignortoj'he National Machinery Company, Tiffin, 01110, a

corporation of Ohio Application March 31, 1945, Serial No. 586,001

Claims. 1

This invention relates to shearing mechanism for headers and the like.

The principal object of this invention is to minimize distortion and. breaking of the ends of blanks sheared from elongated wire or rod stock. Another object is to greatly increase the range of lengths within which satisfactory blanks may be sheared oil, including all of the usual range of blanks several diameters and more in length, down to blanks having a length of but one or less than one diameter. Another object is to prevent the dragging and hence distortion of the end of the sheared blank over the surface of the stock gauge in shearing. Other objects are to facilitate the gauging of the lengths of the blanks to be sheared, and the delivery of the sheared blanks into positions for subsequent upsetting, extruding, piercing or other working operations to form the desired article; to increase the life of the tools and dies for working the sheared blanks; and to increase the accuracy and uniformity of the blanks and articles.

Other and further objects, features and advantages will become apparent as the description proceeds.

The present application is a continuation of my co-pending application, Serial No. 453,985, filed August 7, 1942, which has been abandoned; Serial No. 547,849, filed August 3, 1944; and Serial No. 547,886, filed August 3, 1944, on which Patent No. 2,396,995 was granted March 19, 1946; the latter application, in turn, being a continuation in part of my application, Serial No. 423,900, filed December 22, 1941, which has been abandoned.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through the stock feeding and die stations of a doubleblow cold header arranged in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the die station showing a cut-off blank aligned with the die, and with the header slide advancing upon its first blow;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, showing the parts as the header slide continues its movement on the first blow;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing the arrangement of the parts and the blank at the completion of the first blow;

Fig. 5 is a view corresponding to Fig. 3 showing a die for use with relatively hard or nonductile blanks;

Fig. 6 is a view corresponding to Fig. 4 showing the arrangement of the parts and the blank at the completion of the first blow in a die such as shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary detailed horizontal section through the stock feeding station and cutoff arm of an arrangement for use with relatively long blanks or slugs; and

Fig. 18 is a horizontal section through the die and stock feeding stations of Fig. 7, and showing the punch at the end of the first stroke of the machine.

Like reference characters are utilized throughout the drawing to designate like parts.

For the sake of illustration, I have shown in Figs. 1 to 4 my shearing mechanism and tools applied to a conventional, double-blow, cold header of the solid die type. A suitable cold header of this type is illustrated in the patent to Clouse No. 1,932,396 and in my prior Patent No. 1,955,061. Generally speaking, I provide a machine embodying a bed frame carrying a die, a reciprocating header slide having a pair of punches, which are alternately moved into alignment with the die on successive strokes of the slide, means for shearing a blank from elongated stock and carrying it into alignment with the die prior to the working stroke of the first punch, and means for ejecting the blank from the die after the working stroke of the second punch.

In the accompanying drawings a portion of the bed frame of such a machine is indicated at [0. The frame is provided with a stock feeding tube ll terminating in a shearing edge l2 at the die breast of the machine. A die 13 is carried by the bed frame [0 spaced from the stock feeding tube II and opens through the die breast of the machine. A knock out rod I4 is arranged to 0perate axially through the die I 3 and, in retracted position, to form the bottom of the die, as illustrated in Fig. 1.

A shear arm [5 carrying a shearing bush I6 is arranged to be moved to align the bush [6 alternately with the stock feeding tube I l and the die l3. The bush is shaped to closely fit the stock S fed through the tube II and is formed with a shearing edge I! which cooperates with the shearing edge [2, when the shear arm I5 is moved toward the die l3, to shear off the length of the stock contained within the bush [6.

The frame of the machine also carries a stock gauge l8 arranged to limit the length of stock fed into the shearing bush [6. A plunger I9 is slidably mounted in the shearing bush l6 and is formed with a head 20 arranged to :abut the stock gauge [8, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Thus when the shearing bush I6 is aligned with the wardly, the advancing end of the stock moves the plunger 19 outwardly until its head 20 strikes the stock gauge I8, so that a definite length of stock is fed into and enclosed within the shearing bush l6.

The die l3 has a diameter larger than the diameter of the stock S. Preferably, the bottom of the die is formed with a conical or. dome shaped shoulder 2! extending between the side wall of the die and the forward end of the knock out rod [4.

The first punch on the header slide 22 consists merely of an abutment member 23 arranged to engage the head 20 on the plunger [9; When the shear arm I moves from the position shown in Fig. ,1 into its alternate position, with the bush l6 aligned with the die I3, the end' of the stock confined within the bush l6 is sheared oif and carried into alignment with the die, as illustrated inEigr 2. The header slide 22 then advances and the punch 23 engages the head of the plunger [9, thereby forcing. the cut-off length of stock 24, axially out offthe bush 5' and into the die l3. 7

Since the diameter of the stock is less than the diameter, of thedie IS; the stock is simply aids in centering the blank and maintaining its.

alignment as the upsetting action begins; Thus as the forward motionof the header slide '22 continues the cut-off piece 24 is upset smoothly, without buckling or cocking, into a slug.25 substantially fitting the opening of the die 13'.

The length of the cut-01f blank is selected so that when its end engages the conical or dome shaped shoulder 2I' and the upsetting action begins as illustrated in Fig. 3, sufficient length of stock remains within the bush It to insure the correct starting of the upsetting action, while at the same time the length of the piece confined in the bush i6 is insufiicient to'cause the metal to .bind in the bush or exert excessive pressure thereon. Preferably the end of the blank leaves the shearing bush 16 as soon as the upsetting has proceededfar enough to insure its proper completion without further guiding of the end of the blank, so that when the slug 25 is completed its forward faceis spaced'inwardly fromthe face of the die l3.

To insure the return of the plunger l9-from its positionwithin the opening of the die H at the end of the first blow, as shown in Fig. 4, a spring 26 is coiled about the plunger 49 between the end, of the bush l6 and, the head 20. The extendedlength of the spring is preferably only sufiicient, to insure the return of the plunger l9' clear of the die to. about the position illustrated in Fig. 3, and does. not return the plunger a distance equal to the, length of the blank, so that the head 28 of. the plunger clears the gauge it when theshear' arm returns to the position shown in Fig. 1; As the header slide 22 recedes afterthe completion of the first stroke the spring 26 forces the plunger. l9 outwardly a sufficient distance to clear thedie opening, after which.

the shear arm 15 returns to the position illustrated in Fig. 1. When the shear bush I6 is again aligned with the feed tube l I, a new length of stock is fed forwardly until the plunger I9 is forced. outwardly into engagement with the stock guage l8.

At the completion of the first stroke the blank and the parts of-.the machine are prepared for a second plunger (not shown) in the header slide 22 to be moved into alignment with the die [3 for carrying out a further or final operation upon the blank for producing the finished article.

In some-instances it may be desired merely to square up the sheared blank in the first operation, and an; embodiment of the invention for thispurpose is shown in Figs, 5 and t. This arrangement is particularly useful in a multiple station transfer header, such as illustrated in the patent to Clouse No. 2,026,823, or the patent to Prayer No. 2,100,028.

For this.purpose,,.as1shown in .Fig. 5, the die opening 3| is but slightly larger'in diameter than the-aperture. in. thershearing bush [5, which slidably receives the wire or rod-stock from which the piece 32 is sheared. The sheared piece 32 is pushed completelyout of the shear bush it into. the die 3| before it contacts thed'ie bottom 2|, which as shown may be domed to impart a desired contour to the end of the blank. After the piece SZ'has contactedthe bottom of the die, the movement of the punch 23 continues so as to exert pressure on the piece through the plunger l9 .and upset itinto conformity with the die, forming the blank 33 shown in Fig. 6'. By this operation, any irregularity or roughness of the shearedends of the blank is corrected, and each blank is accurately sizedtothe diameter of the die 3] In. the embodiment shown in Figs. 5 and 6; as in that shown inFigs. 14, the. spring 26 withdraws the plunger Iii from the die. when the header slide carrying the punch 23 recedesand moves the plunger l9 a-wayfromthe face of the die a distance less than the length of the blank being sheared, so that the plunger [9 clears both the die opening. and the stock gauge l8 when the sheararm. limoves to-align the shearing bush with the incoming. stock.

Figs; '7 and 8' illustrate an embodiment of the invention in which. no spring is used toretract the plunger. The die and tools shown are particularly adapted for the'making. of hollow rivets, as disclosed in my application Serial No. 547,886, filedAugust3,19 i4. x I

As illustrated in .Figs. '7 and 8', such a machine embodies a bed frame 3! carrying die and stock feeding stations onwhich there is mounted'a reciprocating header slide, adapted to carry a pair of punches; each. of" which is aligned with the die in the bed frame on alternatestrokes of the slide. Such-a machine may be provided in accordance: with my invention with a cut-off mechanismto cutoff and carry over a new blank after every other stroke and similarly suitable ejection or knockout. mechanism i provided to eject the fiIllShEdi article from the die after every two strokes of the header slide.

In: accordance with this embodimentfof the provided in any suitable manner with as'maller.

bore 44 opening into an enlargedbore 45; A follower including. a cup portion 46. slidably .fit-

ting in. the bored Slanda sleeve ll-slidably fitting in the bore 44 is arranged to engagethe rear end of the die 42. A spring 48 is positioned in the bore 45 bearing against the cup portion 45 and against a follower plate 49 which is also slidably fitted in the bore 45.

A knockout rod 50 is slidably supported in the frame coaxial with the die 42 and is provided intermediate its length with a flange 5| slidably bearing in a bore 52 behind and communicating with the bore 45. Ahead of the flange 5| the knockout rod includes a length 53 which passes through central apertures in the follower plate 49, the cup 46, and the sleeve 41, and enters a bore 54 in the die 42. A relatively small extension 55 is carried by the forward end of the knockout rod and slidably fits in the working bore 56 of the die. The extension 55 terminates in a piercing tool 51.

The forward sliding movement of the die 42 is adjustably limited in any suitable way, as by an adjustable stop 95 as shown in greater detail in my copending application, Serial No. 547,886, the stop 95 takes the form of a wedge slidable vertically, perpendicular to the plane of the section represented by Fig. 8. The wedge 95 is guided in a slot 96 in the bed frame and has a rearwardly facing wedge surface 9! cooperating with wedge surface 98 formed on the die.

With this arrangement the die 42 is normally held pushed forward in its bore 43 by the tension of the spring 48, with the wedge surfaces 91 and 98 in contact, while the die can be forced rearwardly a short distance by further compression of the spring 48. The spring 48 likewise acts as a return spring for the knock-out rod 50 when the same is advanced sufficiently to cause the flange 5| to engage the follower plate 49 and compress the spring from the rear end.

Rod or wire stock S is fed to the machine through a feeding aperture in the bed frame arranged a short distance to one side of the die 42. The feeding aperture is provided at its forward face with a shear bush or die 15 with which cooperates a reciprocating cut-off arm 11. The cut-off arm 11 carries a shearing quill 18 having a central aperture 19 which, in the retracted position of the arm as illustrated in Fig. 7, is aligned with the opening in the bushing 16. A short plunger BI] is slidably mounted in the Opening 19 of the shearing quill. A stock gauge BI is also aligned with the feed opening in the bushing 16 andis arranged to abut the plunger 80 to limit the length of stock fed into the shearing quill 18, as shown in Fig. 7.

The face of the quill 18 adjacent the bushing I5 is formed with a cutting edge 82 arranged to lie closely adjacent the face of the bushing 16. On the opposite side the quill 18 is recessed or relieved as indicated at 83 to insure against interference with the end of the blank when the cut-off arm 11 is retracted.

The arm 11 is reciprocated or oscillated in any suitable manner so as to cut off a blank and carry the same into alignment with the aperture 56 in the die 42. After a length of stock has been fed into the quill 18 until the plunger 80 contracts the stock gauge 8!, as shown in Fig. '7, the cut-off arm 41 is advanced to the position shown in Fig. 8. The shearing edge 82 severs the wire at the face of the bushing 15 and the quill 18 carries the blank so cut off and the plunger 80 into alignment with the opening 56 in the die 42. The cut-off arm is timed to dwell in alignment with the die during the first stroke of the header slide, at which time a punch 84 is advanced against the plunger as illustrated in Fig. 3. The punch 84 continues to advance and slides the plunger 80 through the quill 18 and pushes the cut-off blank into the opening 55 in the die 42 and against the end of the piercer 51.

The forward end of the piercer 51 is formed with a substantially conical point 85 for engagement with the end of the blank, and. for the greater part of its length the piercer is relieved or reduced to a diameter less than the maximum diameter of the conical point 85, as indicated at 86. The length of the cut-off blank is so proportioned with respect to the position of the piercer 51 in the die and the movement of the punch 84 that at the end of the forward movement of the punch 84 the cut-off blank is pressed against the conical point 85 of the piercer and.

is upset slightly into full engagement with the wall of the opening 56 in the die. Preferably at the completion of this stroke the blank projects slightly from the face of the die as indicated in Fig. 8. The recess or relief 83 on the shearing quill I8 is of greater depth than the amount which the blank projects from the die at the completion of the first blow so that the cut-off arm 1! can be retracted without interference with the blank.

After the completion of the first heading stroke by the punch 84, the heading slide recedes and the cut-off arm is retracted into alignment with the shearing bush 16 ready to receive a new length of stock. The cut-off blank is then in position and the machine is ready to have any desired operation carried out on the cut-off blank such as a piercing operation, for example, if a hollow rivet is to be produced from the blank.

I have herein shown and particularly described certain embodiments ofmy invention and certain methods of operation embraced therein forthe purpose of explaining its principle of operation and showing its application but it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications and variations are possible and I am, therefore, to cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of my invention which is defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a header having a die cavity, a shear bushing adjacent the die cavity, and a passageway for feeding elongated stock through the bushing; shearing mechanism comprising a movable member carrying a quill adapted to be moved alternately into alignment with said shear bushing and into alignment with said die cavity, said quill having a bore adapted to receive a length of stock fed through said bushing and a cutting edge arranged to sever said length of stock and carry the same into alignment with said die cavity, a pin slidably mounted in the bore of said quill, and a heading tool arranged to engage said pin to move said length of stock out of said quill and into said die said heading tool and pin ejecting said stock completely into said die cavity.

2. In a header having a die, a shear bushing adjacent the die, and a passageway for feeding elongated stock through the bushing; shearing mechanism comprising a movable arm carrying a quill adapted to be moved alternately into alignment with said bushing and into alignment with said die, said quill having a bore adapted to receive a length of stock fed through said bushing and a cutting edge arranged to sever said length of stock and carry the same into alignment with said die, a pin slidably mounted in the borewofsaid. quill, a stock: gauge;- arranged to engage; said pin. to limit. the length of: stock' fed into: said bore, and a headingtool: arranged to engage said pin: to: move said. length: ofrst'ock' out 'of said'quill and into said dieandmeans in'asaid die to" hold. said length of; stock against. axial motion; said pin in; response to": pressure: of said heading tool deforming said length" oftstocktin said die until substantially the entire length. of stockis in theidie. V

3; In. a header having a 'stockieedingLstatiOn and a die; a shearing; quill: movable between said stock feeding. station andfsaid die; a pinslidably mounted-in. said shearing quill and astock gauge spaced from: said shearing quill: a: distance: less than the. length of said" pin, said'pinbeing arrangedto engage-said stock gaugesand; the. end

7 of the stock to. limit: the length of'st'ock" which maybefed into said quill and"a=headingztooliare ranged to engage said 'pin to move-a length. of stock out of said quill and into. said. die, said heading tool and pin ejecting: said stock completely into said die. 7

4. In a header having a. stock. feeding station and a die, a movable shearxmember having'an aperture adapted to be aligned alternatel with said stock feeding station and said die, a plunger slidably mountedv in the aperture in said shear member, a stock gauge aligned withsaid stock feeding station and arrangedto abut said plunger when stock is 'fed into said aperture; saidstocl gauge being. spaced 'from said shear member a distanceless than the length of. said plunger; means-to engage said plunger whensaid aperture is aligned With said die to move a sheared off length of stock out of said aperture. and'into said die andspringjmeans urging said plunger into a position in: which said plunger: clears both said die and said stock gauge.

5. In a header having a stock feeding station and a die; a movable shear armihaving an aperture adapted to be aligned alternately with said stock feeding station and said'die, aplunger slidably mounted-in the aperture'ini said shear arm, a stock gauge aligned with-saidstocklfeeding station and arranged to abut said. plunger when .stockis fed into said aperture, saidstock gauge being spaced from said sheararm adistance less than the length of said plunger,.meansto engage said plunger when said apertureis aligned with said die to movea-shearedJofiil'e'ngth of sto'ck out ofsaid aperture.and'intosaididie and a coiled spring surrounding said: plunger and urging" the sameintoa position in: which:saidplunger'clears both said die and said stock gaugel 6. A header including'ia' framecarrying a stock feeding stationanda die, a header'slid-e' reciprocably mounted in said frame and carrying a punch movabletowardand away fromlsaidfdie, a movable shear arm adapted to be aligned alternately with said stock feeding station and said die, a plunger slida'bly mounted in the aperture in said shear arm,-a s-tockgauge aligned with said stock feeding station adapted to abut said plunger to limit the length of stock fed into said aperture, said punch being arranged to engage said plunger when said apertureis aligned with said die and push the oppositeendof said plunger and a blank contained in said apertureinto said die and means acting when said punchrecedes from saiddie-tomove' said plunger out of saiddi-e andproject said plunger .from said'shear arm a distance less than the spacing of said stock gauge fromsaid shear'arm.

7. In'a'machine of theclass'described, adapted for-feeding wire or red stock, adie spacedlfrom the. line oififeed. of saidstock and having. adiameter' substantially greater than the diametenof said stock; shear means including a shear bush adapted to be aligned. alternately with said die and thelineof' feedof said st0ck',.a plunger'slidably carried in said shear bush, saidshear: bush beinglarranged: to cut off a piece of stock: longer than": the: depth of said die and carry the'same and saidiplunger into axial alignment with said die; and: means arranged to exert pressure on said plunger: to slide' thepiece of stock through said. bush into'contact. with the bottom of said die, and to continue suchpressure while'the'piece of'stock: is supported by' said bush and the bottom of said'die to upset the:entire length of. the piece of: stock. 7

8. In a machine of the class described, adapted forfeeding. wire orsrod stock;.'a.die spaced-from arranged to exert pressure on said plunger to slide the piece of stock through said bush into contact With the dome shaped bottom of said die, andto continue such pressurev while the piece of stockis'supported by said bush and thebottom of said die'to: upset the entire length of the piece ofst'ock.

9. A cold header including a frame having a passageway for feeding; elongated stock andcarrying a solid die; a reciprocating header slide,.and means for cutting off pieces of stockofpredetermined length and carrying the same into alignment Wi-th said die,- characterized by. said die having a substantially greater diameter than the diameter of the stock and having. a depth less than the length ofthe cut olf pieces. of stock, said means for cutting; ofi pieces ofstock carrying a slidableplunger" engaging an end. of the out ch pieces, and said header slide being'arranged to engage said plunger to force the cut 7 oil pieces of stock from said. shear means into stoclsfeedingpassageway-having a diameter-sub stantially less than the diameter of said die, shearing meansincluding ashear bush arranged to be aligned alternately with said die and with the line of feed of said stock, said shear bush being arranged 'to cut off a piece of stock'longer than thedepth of said-die-and tocarry the same into axial alignment with said die, and said punch beingarranged to slide the piece of stock from saidshear bush and upset the entire length thereof into" said die,1the outer end of said stock remaining. in engagement with and aligned in said die by said shear bush during a substantial portionbf said upsetting operation; 11; A headercomprising a frame having apessageway for feeding elongated stock and carrying a solid die, a header slide reciprocably' mounted on said frame and having a punch movable intermittently into alignment with said die, said stock feeding passageway having a diameter substantially less than the diameter of said die, shearing means including a shear bush arranged to be aligned alternately with said die and with the line of feed of said stock, a plunger slidably carried in said shear bush, said shear bush being arranged to cut off a piece of stock longer than the depth of said die and carrying the same and said plunger into axial alignment with said die, and said punch being arranged to engage said plunger to slide the piece of stock from said shear bush and upset the entire length thereof into said die.

12. A shearing mechanism comprising a frame having a stock feeding aperture therein, said frame having a fiat surface through which said aperture passes, a die in said frame, a shear arm carrying a shear bush slidable along said surface between said aperture and said die, said bush having an aperture therein, opposing edges of the stock feeding aperture and the bush aperture at said surface serving as shearing edges, the surface of said bush at said frame surface on the opposite side of the bush aperture from the bush shearing edge being recessed to facilitate retraction of the shear arm after completion of a cutting operation, a plunger slidably carried in said shear bush, a stock gauge spaced from said frame surface serving as a stop for said plunger to gauge lengths of stock to be cut off, a reciprocably mounted header slide having a punch intermittently movable toward said bush aperture to engage said plunger and slide the cut off piece of stock from said shear bush and into said die, and means in said die to axially restrain said piece of stock, said plunger in response to pressure of said punch deforming said stock in said die until the outer end of the stock clears said bush recess.

13. In a machine of the class described, a station for receiving wire or rod stock fed thereto,

a die spaced from the line of feed of stock and having a diameter substantially greater than the diameter of said stock, shear means including a shear bush adapted to be aligned alternately with said die and with the line of feed for said stock, said shear bush being arranged to cut off a piece of stock at said station longer than the depth of said die and carry the same into axial alignment with said die, and tool means arranged to exert pressure on the piece of stock to slide the same through said bush into contact with the bottom of said die with the outer end of said stock protruding past the die face and extending into said shear bush, said shear bush acting to center the stock in the die with the side Walls of the stock spaced from the die, said tool means continuing to exert pressure on the stock while the piece of stock is supported by said bush and 10 the bottom of said die to upset the entire length of the piece of stock.

14. In a machine of the class described, a station for receiving wire or rod stock fed thereto, a die spaced from the line of feed of stock and having a diameter substantially greater than the diameter of said stock and a dome-shaped bottom, shear means including a shear bush adapted to be aligned alternately with said die and with the line of feed for said stock, said shear bush being arranged to cut off a piece of stock at said station longer than the depth of said die and carry the same into axial alignment with said die, and tool means arranged to exert pressure on the piece of stock to slide the same through said bush into contact with the bottom of said die with the outer end of said stock protruding past the die face and extending into said shear bush, said shear bush and dome-shaped die bottom acting to center the stock in the die with the side walls of the stock spaced from the die, said tool means continuing to exert pressure on the stock while the piece of stock is supported by said bush and the bottom of said die to upset the entire length of the piece of stock.

15. In a machine of the class described, a station having a passageway for receiving wire or rod stock fed thereto, a solid die spaced from the line of feed of stock and having a diameter substantially greater than the diameter of said stock. means for cutting off lengths of stock and carrying them into axial alignment with said die, said stock cutting means being arranged to cut oil. pieces of stock longer than the depth of said die and carry the same into axial alignment with said die, and tool means arranged to exert pressure on the piece of stock to slide the same through said stock cutting means into contact with the bottom of said die with the other end of said stock protruding past the die face and extending into said stock cutting means, said stock cutting means acting to center the stock in the die with the side walls of the stock spaced from the die, said tool means continuing to exert pressure on the stock while the piece of stock is supported by said stock cutting means to upset the length of stock into said die and simultaneously push the stock through said stock cutting means.

JOHN H. FRIEDMAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 771,752 Stafford Oct. 4, 1904 2,112,284 Gaess Mar. 29, 1938 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 504,277 Germany Aug. 5, 1930

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