US2562461A - Transformer of continual circular motion into intermittent motion - Google Patents

Description

y 31, 1951 M. R. E. Huc ET AL 2,562,461

TRANSFORMER OF CQNTINUAL CIRCULAR MOTION INTO INTERMITTENT MOTION Filed Aug. 25, 1948 s Sheets-Sheet 1 3| 30 32 X! a3 25 2a 2 Fig.2

lzzu EZYIZOPS y 31, 1951 v M. R. E. Huc 51' 2,562,461

TRANSFORMER 0F CONTINUAL CIR AR MOTION INTO INTERMITTENT MOTION 7 Filed Aug. 25, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 6 I 9H9 A 4 Evan-601 5 J3 Jfl ,fl'o add/al e y 31, 1951 M. R. E. Huc ETAL 62,461 TRANSFORMER OF CONTINUAL CIRCULAR MOTION INTO INTERMITTENT MOTION Filed Aug. 25, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 59. I2 Hg. /3

flpvcuvtora M23.E-Hwa fifild fibuciaiz e F #14 li'MoIbPQg Patented July 31, 1951 TRANSFORMER F CONTINUAL CIRCULAR MOTION INTO INTERMITTENT MOTION Marcel Remy Etienne Huc,v Toulouse, Raymond Jean Annet Roudaire, Saint G'ratien, and Florent in Adam l ernand Monroy, Rueil, France Application August 25, 1948, Serial No. 46,148. In France. September 2, 1947 9 Claims. (01. 74-436) The subject-matter 'of the invention is an improved transformer for use in machine and ap paratus utilizing the transformation of circular motion (continuous, uniform, variable or alternating) into intermittent motion. Although said improved transformer has been designed mainly for use in apparatus for taking, project'- ingand printing motion pictures, it is not intended to be restricted to such use, for it may also be applied, by way of example, to straw binding machines, sacking machines, packing machines, machines for boxing powdered or solid products, oil or vapor distributors, certain machine tools such as automatic lathes and their appliances such as automatic dividing-heads for milling or other machines, calculating machines, electrical contactors with periodically" varying resistance, machines for printing papers or fabrics, obliterating machines, etc. I

Said improved transformer permitsof changing an initial circular uniform, variable or alternating motion into a resulting intermittent cir'- cular motion, which is always of thesame sense as that of the initial motion; it is further of constant amplitude in the space and of constant period as to its durtion, as long asthe initial motion remains continual; finally it comprises a fixed division into complete fraction of a'revolution, for examplea third, a quarter, etc.;" in other terms, the amplitude is ZirR/TL, 37L being a full number superior to 2, whatever the initial motionmay be, the stopping'after each travel through length 21rR/n being of constant-,dura-' tion when the initial motion is uniform;-

' On the other hand, according to the invention, said intermittent circular motion may inturn communicate a rectilinear or curvilinear intermittent motion to a member sliding in a curvilinear or rectilinear passage and which may be constituted either by a rigid part such as a rack, or by a flexible band, endless or of great length, such for example as a motion picture film, this result being obtained by suitably setting said member in: contact with a cylindrical partendowed with an intermittent circular motion above stated. v

Manyvarious arrangements, mechanical, hy-

draulic, pneumatic, electrical, have already been.

proposed to solve the problem oftransformation above referred to. Nonmechanical arrangements involve the'drawback that the re: sulting .motion is inaccurate and undesirably changeable, so that they are little used. As to mechanical arrangements, mostof these .inuse, particularly in the motion picture-industry, are

i of Maltese cross and claw types each of which involves serious drawbacks that can be remedied in part only and by way of objectionable. constructions. o

Transforming apparatus according to the present invention permits of. avoiding the drawbacks inherent to said Maltese cross and claw trans,- formers and, on the other hand, has anumber of advantages that will be set forth hereinafter. This apparatus comprises substantiallytwo cams mounted on parallelaxles or preferably on one and the same axle, and causedto rotate continually. One of these cams is adapted to impart, through the medium of a pivoting, crank or lever terminated by a pin, a rotation through 21r/n radians to a disc provided with n, holes or peripheral notches (n being greater than?) generally spaced regularly; the axis of this disc may be parallel to the axis about which said lever pivots and'to that of. the pin, or. it may preferably coincide with the latter without being. con:

' stantly in fast relation thereto; this discaxis is further preferably parallel to the axes; of: said two cams. As to the other cam, this is adapted. to impart to said lever a motion of translation along its axis for the purpose of either setting the pin thereof into engagement with. the disc, or causing, the lever to stop therotation of the disc when this has rotated through 21r/n. This secondcam further causes,.through the medium of a slider or translator, the displacement of; a member thatcomes to stop the disc, after this has rotated through 21r/n, and after having prefr erably imparted to the disc a slight additional rotation to cause the same to stop in a strictly defined position. I H

Besides the principal arrangement just stated, the invention comprises the following additional appliances that may be used simultaneously;

'1. At the end of the shaft supporting the disc.

is arranged a cylindrical member that may be constituted by a sprocket drum and serves to drive a rigid or flexible member that may be of great length, such as a motion picture. film,

2. When the resisting member to which-the intermittent motion should be imparted has a velocity of displacement such that, consequent.

cone-shaped, the disc stopping positions being so arranged that, at the end of the phase of rotation effected by pivoting lever, the disc is given, owing the cone-shaped spigot, an additional motion of feeble amplitude and at speed sufliciently slow to prevent the effects of inertia from being felt.

3. The ensemble of apparatus is confined in in Fig. 2. These cams, which may be of any suitable type, are, in the example shown, grooved cams, the cam 6 having a lateral groove 8 whose generating lines are parallel to the axis AA, while the cam 1 has a peripheral groove 9 whose generating lines are perpendicular to this axis AA.

Penetrating into the groove 8 of cam 6 is a follower ll carried by a pivoting lever III of axis BB parallel to the axis AA and forming a kind of crank pin. In the example shown, the axis about which this lever ID is pivoting is materialized by shaft 22. The follower II is guided by the cam slope groove 8 being sufliciently deep for the a casing, except for the sprocket drum or the like, so designed that the two cams may operate immersed in oil, without oil projections.

In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, the same will now be described with reference to the accompanying more or less diagrammatic drawings which show by way of example some embodiments of the invention applied more particularly to a motion picture apparatus, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevational view showing the various parts of apparatus according to the present invention, the axis AA being disposed in the plane of the paper, while the axes BB and CC, which coincide, as well as the axes DD and E are situated behind the plane of the-paper;

Fig. 2 is a view partly similar to Fig. 1, showing a modification of the parts disposed in Fig. 1 on the axes BB, CC and DD, these parts here being disposed on a single axis B1B1 coinciding with the axes CICI and D1D1, the axis A1A1 of the cam shaft being situated ahead of the plane of the paper; d I

Fig. 3 is a face view of a first form of disc to which the intermittent motion is communicated;

Fig. 4 is a face view of a second form of disc;

Fig. 5 is a face view of a third form of disc;

Fig. 6 is a face viewshowing a modified construction of both the disc and the disc stopping device; p

Fig. 7 shows a cam controlling the disc stopping mechanism;

Fig. 8 shows a cam controlling the disc stop- Ding mechanism;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken lineXXof Fig.1;

Figs. 10 to 14, inclusive, are enlarged sectional views showing in five successive positions the disc driving pin and the disc stopping spigot.

In these drawings similar characters of reference indicate like parts throughout the several views. 7

Inthe embodiment shown in Fig. 1 the ensemble of apparatus is confined in a casing I closed by a cheek plate 2 from which extends outwardly the driving shaft 3 actuated by hand or by a motor through pulley 4. Through the medium of helical gears 5 and 5 (Fig. 9) the motion of this shaft is transmitted to members (not shown, because not forming part of the present invention), such for example as the shutter and driving toothed drums intended for continual rotation.

Keyed onto the shaft 3 are two cams 6 and I, which may be constituted by two distinct parts as shown in Fig. 1, or by a single block as shown.

through the purpose, the cam 6 imparting, through the follower l i, an oscillating motion the law of which may be selected at will, depending on the design of the slope of groove 8. In this way there may be obtained a periodical motion constituted by a series of motions uniformly accelerated or not accelerated and uniformly decelerated or not-decelerated; the times of accelerated or decleratedl motions, separated, if expedient, by phases of immobility, may be selected to be unequal or: equal; in other terms the time of oscillation of the lever may be, or may not be, shorter in one sense than in the other, and the times of the phases of immobility may be selected to be un-' equal or equal.

On the other hand, the lever ID is provided at its inner end with a pin l2 of axis parallel to AA, intended to control a disc I3, of axis CC preferably parallel to AA, to which this pinwouldcommunicate a circular motion of variable sense which would have exactly the same characteristics of variation as those of the oscillating lever ID, if the pin I! remained in engagement with the disc l3. This would happen if there were no intervention by the cam I in the conditions that will be indicated hereinafter. In the mode of execution shown, the axis CC is materialized by a hollow shaft 20 adapted to rotate in the bossage 2| of casing I and to receive the axle 22 of lever l0.

It should be noted, however, that though the coincidence of the axes BB and CC constitutes a particularly interesting feature of the invention, such coincidence is not absolutely necessary.

The disc l3 may-and must, when the axes BB and CC do not coincide-be made as shown in Fig. 3 and provided on its periphery with parallelly facednotches l4, l5, l6, 11, I8, l9, six in number in the example shown, but their number may be greater or smaller at will, the angle formed by two consecutive notches being constant. 'It is into these notches that the pin I2 of lever 10 penetrates (Figs. 1 and 9).

When the axes BB and CC coincide, the disc may be of type I3 shown in Fig. 4 and comprise, instead of notches, mere holes H'-l9', of ap-, propriate equidistant formation and equidistant from the disc center.

In the mode of execution shown in Fig. 1, pene-, trating into the slope groove 9 of cam 1 is a fol, lower 23 carried by the arm 24 of a member herein called translator having two arms 24, 25 interconnected by a web slidable along the shaft 30 of axis DD blocked in casing l. The arm 25 of this translator is terminated by a part 28' which, by acting upon abutments 21, 28 provided on the shaft 22, communicates a motion of trans-- lation to the lever 10 and, consequently, to the pin 12 which is thus disengaged, at the required time, from the notches or holes of the disc l3, wherefore the latter is stopped. Means, not

shown, are provided for preventing the translator 24-45-29.

On the other hand, the said translator is connected with a spigot 32 whose axis EE is preferably parallel to AA and whose tail is adapted to slide with great accuracy in a bore 3| managed in the casing l the arrangement being such as to allow the translator to displace the pin l2 and spigot 32 in the same sense in such a way that, when the pin I2 moves out of the disc 53, the spigot 32 penetrates into one of the notches or holes of the disc, whereby the latter is immobilized. In this case, the disc may have two series of equidistant holes (Fig. 5) one comprising the holes l4, l5, 56', I1, l8, l9 intended for receiving the pin [2, and the other comprising the holes I4 I5 I5 H 18 I9 arranged at lesser distance from the disc center and intended for rotation of receiving the spigot 32.

It is clear that, with these arrangements, when the lever Hi rotates in a certain sense, it drives the disc [3 and causes the same to rotate through angle 21/11, while when this lever rotates in the opposite sense, the disc remains immovable.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the various parts hereinabove are arranged in such a way that, at the very time when the disc I3 is to stop or when the pin I2 disengages itself from the disc notches and holes, the axis of the spigot 32 is not exactly in the axial planeof one of the notches is to IE (Fig. 3) or of one of the holes [4' to 19' (Fig. 4) or I4 to l9 (Fig. 5) in the disc l3, but is slightly offset or shifted, for example in the case of motion picture apparatus, through from to millimeter, with respect to that of the notches or holes which is almost in front of the spigot. This slight shifting is so arranged that, when the oscillating lever It has ceased to communicate its motion to the disc, the latter continues or re commences to move a little further in the same sense, but slowly, under the action of the spigot 32 which to this end has been provided with a cylindrical portion topped by a cone shaped portion as clearly shown in the several'drawings, in such a way that the disc is set into its final and exact stop-position first by the largest diameter of said cone shaped portion and then by said cylindrical portion of same diameter. The final position of the disc will always be extremely accurate since it will be implemented'by a stopspigot that will hardly wear off and since the total amount of normal plays will be very small.

This additional impulsion or push-pull in1- parted to the disc is best illustrated in Figs. 10 to 1a. Fig. 10 shows the disc in its position as the end of being driven by the pin l2 of lever It; in Fig. 11 the pin 52 has begun to withdraw from the disc and is about to discontinue its contact with the disc; in Fig. 12 this contact has ceased, while the spigot 32 in its turn comes in contact with the disc and begins to impart to the latter the desired push-pull; Fig. 13 shows the disc in its stop-position just at the end of pushpull; the cylindrical portion of the spigot 32 begins to come in contact with the disc 13' which is shown in Fig. 14 in its ultimate locking position.

As will be seen in Fig. 1, the ensemble of apparatus is confined in the casing I from which protrudes outwardly the end of the shaft 28 which supports the disc l3 and onto which is keyed a drum 36 that receives an intermittent circular motion. This drum may be toothed, its teeth or sprocket protrusions being shown at 31;

it will serve, in the case of a motion picture apparatus, for driving a film (not shown) which will be subjected to an intermittent rectilinear or curvilinear motion of translation.

In this case, as the sprocket holes might have plays with respect to the sprocket drum and as the film in point might slip thereon, the latter might keep on moving when the sprocket drum stops prior to the spigot 32 becoming effective, and it might be possible that the step-by-step displacement of the film in its passage be not always identical, thereby rendering inaccurate the projection of the cinematographic film. Now, owing to the aforesaid push-pull imparted to the disc l3 and, consequently, to the sprocket drum 36, the film will keep on moving, in the sense of its travel, slowly for a very short time, thereby permitting the film first to take up the slip due to its inertia and then to be displaced at each'step identically.

Many changes may be effected in the particular apparatus hereinabove described and shown, without substantially departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, Fig. 2 shows, on one hand, a modified form of translator and, on the other hand, a modified form of disc and its blocking means, the last named form being further shown in Fig. 6. I

As to the translator, the three axes B131, C101 and D1D1 are all coinciding, and the translator is adapted to slide within the shaft Eli support ing the disc l3. shown the translatorv 28' is rigid with the shaft 22 of lever IQ and, consequently, oscillates together with it. To make this motion efiective the follower 23 penetrating into the slope groove of the cam l is formed with a ball 2:3 forming ball joint with a corresponding hollow in the groove 9.

On the other hand, the disc I3 (Figs. 2 and 6) is provided, besides the notches M-l9 of Fig. 3

or holes l -lli of Fig. 4, with peripheral cutaways 35 similar to those generally carried by Maltese crosses. Cooperating with this disc is an auxiliary disc 33 whose axle A'A' is rigid with the cams 6 and 1 and which has a peripheral cutaway 34.

When one of the protruding portions of the disc H is in the cutway 34 (Figure 6), the pin i2 will have penetrated into one of the holes li--l9, wherefore the disc is set in rotation. When this disc is to be stopped, the translator 25 (Fig. 2) will have displaced the follower H to the right, as viewed in Fig. 2, whereby the pin I2 is disengaged while the full portion of disc 3-3 comes to bear against a cutaway 35 and immobiliz'es the disc I3 A further form of disc immobilizing mechanism would consist in utilizing in the conventional way a cam-controlled pivoting pawl mech anism, v 7

It is to be noted, however, that neither the auxiliary disc-mechanism of Fig. 6 nor the pawlniechanism permit of utilising the aforesaid push pull mechanism the advantage of which has been set forth hereinabove.

The following modifications may further be considered:

' 1 1. Instead of sliding contact, the followers H and 23may be arranged for rolling contact with the slope grooves of cams 6 and 1, respectively,

by means of rollers mounted on cylindrical axles.

In the mode of construction Fig. 1, this pin initurn being endowed with a .motion of translation along its axis in a bore made within the translator.

Apparatus designed according to the invention has, in addition to its ability of doing away with the drawbacks inherent to Maltese cross and claw systems, the following particular advantages: (a) great accuracy of desired division into 21r/n and its obtainment with the aid of cylindrical or conical holes, or battlements, easy to machine; (b) possibility to cause the resisting body to revolve intermittently in accordance with a law that may be established at will, and consequently: (c) smooth starting and stopping; (d) greatest possible rapidity of the intermittent rotation; (6) almost silent operation; (f) absence of important vibrations; (g) feeble inertia stresses; (it) use, for blocking thedisc, preferably of a cylindrical spigot with coneshaped end adapted to move slowly into, and out of, the disc and only when the latter is in its stop-position, so that practically it does notwear off; (2') easy construction and repairs; (7) low prime cost.

When incorporated into motion picture machines, said apparatus has the following additional advantages: (a) luminescence of both projector and camera is independent from the number of sprocket teeth meshing with the film employed; (1)) use may be made of a sprocket drum with great number of teeth to diminish fatigue and wear of the film; (c) absolute liberty to choose best suitable law of intermittent displacement of the sprocket drum and, consequently, of the film which may be given for example a uniformly accelerated motion followed by a uniformly decelerated motion; (d) possibility to increase considerably the number of images projected within a given time; (e) possibility to obtain a better timing of step-by-step film-displacement than as with the Maltese cross, hence brighter projections on the screen; (1) as the sprocket drum may be driven intermittently with a constant acceleration, it is possible, with the maximum inertia forces being inferior to those obtained in Maltese cross mechanisms, to have sprocket drums of greater diameter, despite the increased moment of inertia resulting therefrom; (9) pressure on the film in its passage is greatly reduced, for it is not necessary to apply a strong pressure against the film to immobilize the same rapidly as in heretofore apparatus, such reduced pressure having for its effect to considerably decrease wear of the film and electrostatic charges occurring therein; (it) perfect fixity of the image projected, despite long service of the apparatus, owing to the fact that the film stopping means remain in excellent working state.

What is claimed is:

1. A mechanism for converting continuous rotary motion into intermittent motion of constant amplitude and period comprising a driving cam and a stopping cam both rotatable with constant angular velocity, a driven shaft mounted in parallel relationship with said cams, a disc on said driven shaft, a rotatable crank arm adapted to engage said disc for imparting rotation thereto, a follower on said crank arm in driven engagement with the driving cam, a stopping device adapted to engage said disc to stop the rotation of same, and means operatively connected to said stopping device and including a cam follower in driven engagement with the stopping cam for stopping rotation of said disc after a predetermined angular movement thereof.

8 I 2. A mechanism for converting continuous rotary motion into intermittent motion of constant amplitude and period for driving motion picture film comprising a driving cam and a stopping cam both rotatable with constant angular velocity, a driven shaft mounted in parallel relationship with said cams, a drive sprocket mounted on said driven shaft for cooperation with the motion picture film and imparting thereto the motion of said driven shaft, a disc on said driven shaft, a rotatable crank arm adapted to engage said disc for imparting rotation thereto, a follower on said crank arm in driven engagement with the driving cam, a stopping device adapted to engage said disc to stop the rotation of same, and means operatively connected to said stopping device and including a cam follower in driven engagement with the stopping cam for stopping rotation of said disc after a predetermined angular movement thereof. 7

3. A mechanism for converting continuous rotary motion into intermittent motion of constant amplitude and period comprising a driving cam F and a stopping cam both rotatable with constant angular velocity, a driven shaft mounted in parallel relationship with said cams, a disc on said driven shaft, a rotatable crank arm adapted to engage said disc for imparting rotation thereto when rotating in one direction and disengageable from said disc when rotating in the opposite direction, a follower on said crank arm in driven engagement with the driving cam, a stopping device adapted to engage said disc to stop the rotation of same when the crank arm is rotating in the latter direction, and means operatively connected to said stopping device and including a cam follower in driven engagement with the stopping cam for stopping rotation of said disc after predetermined angular movement thereof.

4. A mechanism for converting continuous rotary motion into intermittent motion of constant amplitude and period comprising a driving cam and a stopping cam both rotatable with constant angular velocity, a driven shaft mounted in parallel relationship with said cams, a disc on said driven shaft, a rotatable crank arm slidably mounted with respect to said driven shaft and having a follower thereon in driven engagement with the driving cam and a locking pin thereon engageable with the disc, a stopping device adapted to engage said disc to stop the rotation of same, and means including a shiftable member movable in parallelism with said driven shaft and the axes of said cams and a cam follower carried thereby in driven engagement with the stopping cam and operatively connected to said crank arm and said stopping device for selectively moving either the locking pin or the stopping device into engagement with said disc.

5. A mechanism for converting continuous rotary motion into intermittent motion of constant amplitude and period comprising a driving cam and a stopping cam both rotatable with the same angular velocity, a driven shaft mounted in parallel relationship with said earns, a disc on said driven shaft having a plurality of radially positioned and arcuately spaced notches therein, a rotatable crank arm slidably mounted with respect to said driven shaft and having a follower thereon in driven engagement with the driving cam and a locking pin thereon engageable in the notches in the disc, a stopping device also adapted to engage in the notches on said disc to stop the rotation of same, and means including a shiftable member movable in parallelism with said driven shaft and the axes of said cams and a cam follower carried thereby in driven engagement with the stopping arm and operatively connected to said crank arm and said stopping device for selectively moving either the locking pin or the stopping device into registering notches in said disc.

6. A mechanism for converting continuous rotary motion into intermittent motion of constant amplitude and period comprising a driving cam and a stopping cam both rotatable with the same angular velocity, a driven shaft mounted in parallel relationship with said cams, a disc on said driven shaft having a plurality of radially positioned and arcuately spaced holes therein, a rotatable crank arm slidably mounted with respect to said driven shaft and having a follower thereon in driven engagement with the driving cam and a locking pin thereon engageable in the holes in the disc, a stopping device also adapted to engage in the holes in said disc to stop the rotation of same, and means including a shiftable member movable in parallelism with said driven shaft and the axes of said cams and a cam follower carried thereby in driven engagement with the stopping cam and operatively connected to said crank arm and said stopping device for selectively moving either the locking pin or the stopping device into registering holes in said disc.

7. A mechanism for converting continuous rotary motion into intermittent motion of constant amplitude and period comprising a driving cam and a stopping cam both rotatable with the same angular velocity, a driven shaft mounted in parallel relationship with said cams, a disc on said driven shaft having a first series of holes therein of uniform arcuate spacing and a second series of holes therein of uniform arcuate spacing but of different radial spacing, a rotatable crank arm slidably mounted with respect to said driven shaft and having a follower thereon in driven engagement with the driving cam and a locking pin thereon engageable in any one of the first series of holes in said disc, a stopping device adapted to engage in any one of the second series of holes in said disc to stop the rotation of same, and means including a shiftable member movable in parallelism with said driven shaft and the axes of said cams and a cam follower carried thereby in driven engagement with the stopping cam and operatively connected to said crank arm and said stopping device for selectively moving either the locking pin or the stopping device into the respective registering holes in said disc.

8. A mechanism for converting continuous rotary motion into intermittent motion of constant amplitude and period comprising a driving cam and a stopping cam both rotatable with the same angular velocity, a driven shaft mounted in parallel relationship with said cams, a disc on said driven shaft having a plurality of radially positioned and arcuately spaced holes therein, a rotatable crank arm slidably mounted with respect to said driven shaft and having a follower thereon in driven engagement with the driving cam, and a locking pin thereon engageable in the holes in the disc, a slidable stop plunger lower carried thereby in driven engagement with the stopping cam and operatively connected to said crank arm and stopping plunger for selectively moving either the locking pin or the stopping plunger into the approximately registering holes in said in said disc.

9. A mechanism for converting continuous rotary motion into intermittent motion of constant amplitude and period comprising a driving cam and a stopping cam both rotatable with the same angular velocity, a driven shaft mounted in parallel relationship with said cams, a driving disc on said driven shaft having a plurality of radially positioned and arcuately spaced holes therein and concave peripheral sections between adjacent arcuately spaced holes, a rotatable crank arm slidably mounted with respect to said driven shaft and having a follower thereon in driven engagement with the driving cam and a locking pin thereon engageable in the holes in the disc, a stopping disc mounted concentrically with respect to one of said cams and in phase displacement with the stopping cam and having a peripheral notch therein adapted to receive the sections of the driving disc intermediate the concave peripheral sections, and means including a shiftable member movable in parallelism with said driven shaft and the axes of said cams and a cam follower carried thereby in driven engagement with the stopping cam and operatively connected to said crank arm for moving the locking pin into one of the holes in said driving disc when the peripheral notch in said stopping disc receives the sections of the driving disc intermediate the concave peripheral sections of the latter and for receiving the locking pin from the hole in the driving disc when the uninterrupted periphery of the stopping disc is in engagement with one of the concave peripheral sections of the driving disc.

MARCEL REMY ETIENNE HUC. RAYMOND JEAN ANNET ROUDAIRE. FLORENTIN ADAM FERNAND MONROY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 975,659 Uebelmesser Nov. 15, 1910 1,174,249 Gall Mar. '7, 1916 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 33,517 Norway Nov. 7, 1921 566,222 France Feb. 11, 1924

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